Lophius budegassa

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Lophius budegassa
Lophius budegassa.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lophiiformes
Family: Lophiidae
Genus: Lophius
Species:
L. budegassa
Binomial name
Lophius budegassa
Spinola, 1807
Synonyms [2]
  • Lophius piscatorius budegassa Spinola, 1807
  • Lophius parvipinnis Cuvier, 1829

Lophius budegassa, the blackbellied angler or blackbellied monkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lophiidae, the goosefishes, monkfishes and anglers. This species is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Taxonomy

Lophius budegassa was first formally described in 1807 by the Italian biologist Maximilian Spinola with its type locality given as the Gulf of Genoa. [3] The genus Lophius is one of 4 extant genera in the family Lophiidae which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies in the monotypic suborder Lophioidei with the order Lophiiformes. [4]

Etymology

Lophius budegassa has the genus name Lophius, which means "mane" and is presumably a reference to the first three spines of the first dorsal fin which are tentacle like, with three smaller spines behind them. The specific name budegassa is derived from budegasso, a vernacular name for this species along the Gulf of Genoa in Italy. [5]

Description

Lophius budegassa has a very large, flattened head with a wide mouth which contains a number of large, recurved, sharp teeth. There are 6 dorsal fin spines with the first three located on the head being separate and not enclosed in a membrane. [6] The second dorsal fin has 9 or 10 soft rays. The first dorsal spine is the illicium and has an esca which is a simple pennant like flap. The anal fin has 8 or 9 soft rays. [7] The head has 3 large spines on its side immediately above and in front of the pectoral fins and there are large flaps of skin over the eyes. The colour of the upper body varies from light brown to dark brown with dark blotches. The lower body is very pale and the black peritoneum can be seen through it. [6] This species has a maximum published standard length of 100 cm (39 in), although a total length of 50 cm (20 in) is more typical. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Lophius budegassa is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean from north of Scotland and southern Norway to Senegal and in the Mediterranean. [1] It is a bathydemersal fish found at depths between 70 and 1,013 m (230 and 3,323 ft), typically between 100 and 500 m (330 and 1,640 ft), the deepest fish were found in the Aegean Sea. [2]

Biology

Lophius budegassa has been found to spawn between November and February off the Atlantic coast of Spain but very few mature females were found during the season, suggesting that the females migrate to other geographical areas or different depths to breed. Males attain sexual maturity at 7 years old and a length of 38.6 cm (15.2 in) while for females it is reached at 9 or 10 years old and at a length of 53.6 cm (21.1 in). [8] The spawn is within a buoyant gelatinous mass, the larvae and post-larvae are found among the plankton. [6]

This is a piscivorous fish, an ambush predator, that is opportunistic and not selective. [9] In the northern Adriatic the European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) is the favoured prey of adults, while the most common prey of smaller specimens was the rockling, Gaidropsarus biscayensis. [10] Another study, conducted off Tunisia, found that 73 species were preyed on and European hake, Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) and Atlantic horse mackerel (T. trachurus) were the most commonly taken prey species. [11] In the Levant Sea the most common prey were the deep-water rose prawn ( Parapenaeus longirostris ) and the green-eyed shortnose ( Chlorophthalmus agassizi ). [9]

Fisheries and conservation

Lophius budegassa is a valued food fish and is targeted by commercial fisheries, especially off Spain and Portugal. In the southern part of its range it is mainly taken as bycatch in prawn trawl fisheries. The blackbellied angler is long-lived, attains sexual maturity at a late age and is slow to reproduce and these life history traits make it vulnerable to overfishing, and there are indications that in some areas the stock has been overfished. For example, landings in Mauritania have declined by 96%. However, there is no reliable data on the population trends and the International Union for Conservation of Nature have classified this species as Data Deficient, [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goosefish</span> Family of fishes

Goosefishes, sometimes called anglers or monkfishes, are a family, the Lophiidae, of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. These fishes are found in all the world's oceans except for the Antarctic Ocean.

<i>Lophius piscatorius</i> Species of fish

Lophius piscatorius, commonly known as the angler, European angler or common monkfish, is a monkfish in the family Lophiidae. It is found in coastal waters of the northeast Atlantic, from the Barents Sea to the Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Within some of its range, including the Irish Sea, this species comprises a significant commercial fishery.

<i>Lophius</i> Genus of fishes

Members of the genus Lophius, also sometimes called monkfish, fishing-frogs, frog-fish, and sea-devils, are various species of lophiid anglerfishes found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Lophius is known as the "monk" or "monkfish" to the North Sea and North Atlantic fishermen, a name which also belongs to Squatina squatina, the angelshark, a type of shark. The North European species is Lophius piscatorius, and the Mediterranean species is Lophius budegassa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spotfin frogfish</span> Species of fish

The spotfin frogfish, also known as the big-spot angler, coin-bearing frogfish, darkspot frogfish, ocellated angler, ocellated fringed fishing frog, opulent frogfish, spotfin angler or white-finger anglerfish, is a species ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The spotfin frogfish is found in scattered locations the eastern Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Mullus barbatus</i> Species of fish

Mullus barbatus is a species of goatfish found in the Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, the Black Sea and the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, where its range extends from Scandinavia to Senegal. They are fished, mostly by trawling, with the flesh being well regarded. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed their conservation status as being of "least concern".

<i>Lophius americanus</i> Species of fish

Lophius americanus is a goosefish in the family Lophiidae, also called all-mouth, American anglerfish, American monkfish, bellows-fish, devil-fish, headfish, molligut, satchel-mouth, or wide-gape. It is native to the eastern coast of North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anglerfish</span> Bony fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes

The anglerfish are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a modified luminescent fin ray acts as a lure for other fish. The luminescence comes from symbiotic bacteria, which are thought to be acquired from seawater, that dwell in and around the sea.

<i>Sladenia shaefersi</i> Species of fish

Sladenia shaefersi, the Atlantic twospine goosefish or Shaefer's anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lophiidae, the goosefishes, monkfishes and anglers. This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Antennarius</i> Genus of fishes

Antennarius is a genus of anglerfish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in warmer parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Merluccius merluccius</i> Species of fish

Merluccius merluccius, the European hake, is a merluccid hake of the genus Merluccius. Other vernacular names include Cornish salmon and herring hake. It is a predatory species which was often netted alongside one of its favoured prey, the Atlantic herring, thus the latter common name. It is found in the eastern Atlantic from the Norway and Iceland south to Mauritania and into the Mediterranean Sea. It is an important species in European fisheries and is heavily exploited with some populations thought to be being fished unsustainably.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape horse mackerel</span> Species of fish

The Cape horse mackerel is a mackerel-like species in the family Carangidae. It is a pelagic species of the south eastern Atlantic Ocean which is a target of fisheries, mainly as bycatch.

<i>Lophiodes</i> Genus of fishes

Lophiodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lophiidae, the goosefishes, monkfishes and anglers. It is one of four extant genera in the family Lophiidae. The fish in this genus are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Lophiomus is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family, Lophiidae, the goose fishes, monkfishes or anglers. The only species in the genus is Lophiomus setigerus, the blackmouth angler, blackmouth goosefish, broadheaded angler or broadhead goosefish. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific.

<i>Sladenia</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Sladenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lophiidae, which includes the goosefishes, monkfishes and anglers. These are deepwater anglers found in theIndian Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Western Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted frogfish</span> Species of fish

The painted frogfish, or spotted frogfish, black angler or painted anglerfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lophiodes beroe</i> Species of fish

Lophiodes beroe, the white goosefish or white anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lophiidae, the goosefishes, monkfishes or anglers. This species is found in deep waters in the western Atlantic Ocean.

Merluccius senegalensis, the Senegalese hake, is a species of fish from the family Merlucciidae, the true hakes. It is found in the sub tropical waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean off the north western coast of Africa.

<i>Lophiocharon trisignatus</i> Species of fish

Lophiocharon trisignatus, the spot-tail anglerfish, rough anglerfish or three-spot frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lophius vomerinus</i> Species of marine ray-finned fish

Lophius vomerinus, the devil anglerfish, Cape monk or Cape monkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lophiidae, the goosefishes, monkfishes or anglerfishes. This species is endemic to the waters of the southeastern Atlantic and southwestern Indian Oceans around Southern Africa.

<i>Lophiodes mutilus</i> Species of fish

Lophiodes mutilus, the smooth angler or smooth monkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lophiidae, the goosefishes, monkfishes and anglers. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Knudsen, S. (2015). "Lophius budegassa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T198609A21911220. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198609A21911220.en . Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2024). "Lophius budegassa" in FishBase. February 2024 version.
  3. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lophius". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  4. Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 Alwynne Wheeler (1992). The Pocket Guide to Saltwater Fishes of Britain and Europe. Parkgate Books. p. 61. ISBN   1855853647.
  7. J-C Hureau. "Lophius budegassa". Fishes of the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  8. La Mesa, M.; De Rossi, F. (2008). "Early life history of the black anglerfish Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807 in the Mediterranean Sea using otolith microstructure". Fisheries Research. 93 (1–2): 234–239. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2008.05.004.
  9. 1 2 Phillip J. Haubrock; Gianna Innocenti; Sarah Ashley Mueller; Shevy Bat-Sheva Rothman; Bella S. Galil; Menachem Goren (2020). "Prey availability and community composition: Diet analysis of the black angler fish Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807 in the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea". Regional Studies in Marine Science. 33. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100940.
  10. Stagioni, M.; Montanini, S.; Vallisneri, M. (2013). "Feeding habits of anglerfish, Lophius budegassa (Spinola, 1807) in the Adriatic Sea, north‐eastern Mediterranean". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 29 (2): 374–380. doi:10.1111/jai.12148. hdl:11585/132892.
  11. Negzaoui-Garali, N.; Salem, Mohamed; and Capapé, Christian (2008). "Feeding habits of the black anglerfish, Lophius budegassa (Osteichthyes : Lophiidae), off the Tunisian coast (central Mediterranean)". Cahiers de Biologie Marine. 49: 113–122.