Lophocereus schottii

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Lophocereus schottii
Pachycereus schottii (5782222323).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Lophocereus
Species:
L. schottii
Binomial name
Lophocereus schottii
(Engelm.) Britton & Rose [2]
Synonyms [2]
  • Cereus mieckleyanusWeing.
  • Cereus palmeriF.A.C.Weber
  • Cereus sargentianusOrcutt
  • Cereus schottiiEngelm.
  • Lemaireocereus mieckleyanus(Weing.) Borg
  • Lophocereus australisBritton & Rose
  • Lophocereus mieckleyanus(Weing.) Backeb.
  • Lophocereus sargentianus(Orcutt) Britton & Rose
  • Pachycereus schottii(Engelm.) D.R.Hunt
  • Pilocereus sargentianusOrcutt ex K.Schum.
  • Pilocereus schottii(Engelm.) Lem.

Lophocereus schottii, the senita cactus, [3] is a species of cactus from southern Arizona and north-western Mexico, particularly Baja California and Sonora. Ultramafic soils facilitate the endemism of plant species and are often associated with their distribution. [4]

Contents

Description

Lophocereus schottii grows tree-shaped to shrub-like with yellow-green, more or less upright shoots, which often develop into thickets with more than 100 shoots. It reaches heights of 1 to 3 meters and shoot diameters of 5 to 10 cm (2.0 to 3.9 in). A tribe is rarely formed. There are 4 to 13 clearly defined ribs. The 1 to 3 strong, gray central spines are 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) long. The 3 to 5 marginal spines are gray and 0.5 to 1.5 cm (0.20 to 0.59 in) long. The terminal pseudocephalium consists of bristly, flexible, gray spines. It occasionally grows to be more than 100 cm (39 in) long.

The funnel-shaped flowers appear laterally from the pseudocephalium and open at night. They are white to deep pink, up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long and reach a diameter of 3 cm (1.2 in). Its pericarpel and flower tube are covered with scales and hairs. The spherical, red fruits contain red pulp and reach a diameter of 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in). They are edible, but are rarely used as food. [5]

Distribution

The distribution area of Lophocereus schottii extends from the south of the US state of Arizona to the northwest of Mexico and includes the states of Baja California and Sonora. The species grows at altitudes from 0 to 800 meters.

Ecology

The senita cactus exhibits mutualism with the senita moth. The senita moth is the only nocturnal pollinator of the cactus, and the moth relies on the cactus as a host for reproduction. [6]

Taxonomy

The first description as Cereus schottii was made in 1856 by George Engelmann. [7] The specific epithet schottii honors the German naturalist and plant collector Arthur Schott, who was involved in surveying the border between the United States and Mexico. Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose placed the species in the genus Lemaireocereus in 1909. Further nomenclature synonyms are Pilocereus schottii (Engelm.) Lem. (1862) and Pachycereus schottii (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt (1987). [7]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Ferocactus cylindraceus</i> Species of cactus

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<i>Upiga</i> Genus of moths

Upiga is a monotypic moth genus described by Hahn William Capps in 1964. The genus is placed in the family Crambidae, but has also been placed in Pyralidae. It contains only one species, Upiga virescens, the senita moth, described by George Duryea Hulst in 1900 and found in the Sonoran Desert of North America.

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<i>Cylindropuntia echinocarpa</i> Species of cactus

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<i>Ferocactus peninsulae</i> Species of cactus

Ferocactus peninsulae is a barrel cactus in the genus Ferocactus of the family Cactaceae.

<i>Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum</i> Species of cactus

Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum is a columnar cactus plant native to Mexico. They can grow up to 15 m (49 ft) high. The trunk of this species is 1.2 to 5.0 m tall and the fruits are large and burr-like. The specific name, pecten-aboriginum, is from the Latin, and means "native combs". It was inspired by the use of the fruits as hair combs.

<i>Ferocactus emoryi</i> Species of cactus

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<i>Cochemiea barbata</i> Species of cactus

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<i>Ferocactus diguetii</i> Tallest species of barrel cactus

Ferocactus diguetii, commonly known as the giant barrel cactus, is the largest species of barrel cactus in the genus Ferocactus. It is an insular species endemic to several of Baja California Sur's southern islands in the Gulf of California. As the superlative giant of the barrel cacti, it reaches heights of up to 4 metres (13 ft) and diameters of 1 metre (3.3 ft) in the wild, a result of island gigantism. The species has red flowers that bloom from March to May. Although restricted in range, this species grows in protected habitat and lacks major threats.

<i>Ferocactus gracilis</i> Species of cactus

Ferocactus gracilis, the fire barrel cactus, is a species of Ferocactus from Northwestern Mexico. This cactus gets its common name from the striking red coloration of its defensive spines and flowers.

<i>Ferocactus townsendianus</i> Species of cactus

Ferocactus townsendianus, commonly known as the Townsend barrel cactus, is a species of cactus endemic to southern Baja California Sur in Mexico. It is a barrel cactus that grows solitary stems up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall, with gray to brown spines, with one central spine on each areole usually curved or hooked at the tip, and orange to red flowers that bloom from May to August. Ferocactus townsendianus is similar to both Ferocactus peninsulae and Ferocactus santa-maria, and is sometimes placed under peninsulae as a variety or subspecies.

<i>Myrtillocactus cochal</i> Species of plant

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<i>Lophocereus gatesii</i> Species of cactus

Lophocereus gatesii is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae.

<i>Cochemiea poselgeri</i> Species of cactus

Cochemiea poselgeri is a species of Cochemiea found in Mexico

<i>Echinocereus barthelowianus</i> Species of cactus

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<i>Echinocereus maritimus</i> Species of cactus

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<i>Echinocereus sciurus</i> Species of cactus

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References

  1. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  2. 1 2 "Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2021-03-16
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Pachycereus schottii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  4. Bothe, Hermann; Słomka, Aneta (December 2017). "Divergent biology of facultative heavy metal plants". Journal of Plant Physiology. 219: 45–61. Bibcode:2017JPPhy.219...45B. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.014. ISSN   0176-1617. PMID   29028613.
  5. Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. pp. 492–493. ISBN   3-8001-4573-1.
  6. Holland, J. Nathaniel; Fleming, Theodore H. (1999-09-01). "Mutualistic Interactions Between Upiga Virescens (pyralidae), a Pollinating Seed-Consumer, and Lophocereus Schottii (cactaceae)". Ecology. 80 (6): 2074–2084. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2074:mibuvp]2.0.co;2. hdl: 1911/21700 . ISSN   1939-9170.
  7. 1 2 Arts, American Academy of (1852). "Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Metcalf and Co. ISSN   0199-9818 . Retrieved 2023-11-04.