Lufeng Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: Hettangian-Pliensbachian ~ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Sub-units | Shawan & Zhangjia'ao Members |
Underlies | Chuanjie Formation |
Overlies | Precambrian slate basement |
Thickness | over 300 metres (980 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Siltstone |
Other | Sandstone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 25°00′N102°06′E / 25.0°N 102.1°E |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 34°18′N104°36′E / 34.3°N 104.6°E |
Region | Yunnan |
Country | China |
Extent | Yunnan Basin |
The Lufeng Formation (formerly Lower Lufeng Series) is a Lower Jurassic sedimentary rock formation found in Yunnan, China. It has two units: the lower Dull Purplish Beds/Shawan Member are of Hettangian age, and Dark Red Beds/Zhangjia'ao Member are of Sinemurian age. [1] It is known for its fossils of early dinosaurs. The Dull Purplish Beds have yielded the possible therizinosaur Eshanosaurus , the possible theropod Lukousaurus , and the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus" sinensis, Lufengosaurus , Jingshanosaurus , and Yunnanosaurus . Dinosaurs discovered in the Dark Red Beds include the theropod Sinosaurus triassicus , the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus", Lufengosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus, indeterminate remains of sauropods, and the early armored dinosaurs Bienosaurus and Tatisaurus . [2]
Rhynchocephalians reported from the Lufeng Formation | ||||||
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Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | |
Indeterminate | Yunnan | Partial skulls and jaws. [3] | The three named species do not display any autapomorphic characters and should be considered indeterminate within the genus. Only record of rhynchocephalians from Asia. [3] |
Crurotarsans reported from the Lufeng Formation | ||||||
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Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | |
D. lufengensis [4] | Yunnan [4] | Dark Red Beds [4] | Formerly considered an ornithopod dinosaur. | |||
Dianosuchus [5] | D. changchiawaensis | Lufeng, Yunnan | Dark Red Beds | |||
Microchampsa [6] | M. scutata | Dahuangtian locality | Lower Red Beds | iIncomplete skeleton consisting of cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae as well as ribs and three rows of dorsal osteoderms | ||
Phyllodontosuchus [7] | P. lufengensis | Dawa, Yunnan | Dark Red Beds | BVP568-L12, a crushed skull | A potential non-carnivorous crocodrylomorph | |
Platyognathus [8] | P. hsui | Lufeng, Yunnan | Zhangjiawa Member | IVPP V8266, rostral portion of a skull missing the dorsal bones and with articulated incomplete mandible; CVEB 21301, a nearly complete skull with articulated mandible, articulated with the anterior 17 vertebrae and associated dorsal osteoderms; part of the right scapulocoracoid; the left humerus; the right femur and proximal tibia and fibula | The oldest Gobiosuchoidean | |
Strigosuchus [9] | S. licinus | Lufeng, Yunnan | Zhangjia'ao Member | FMNH CUP 2082 |
Indeterminate ornithopod remains Yunnan. Dark Red Beds. [2]
Ornithischians reported from the Lufeng Formation | ||||||
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Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | |
B. lufengensis [4] | Yunnan [4] | Dark Red Beds [4] | A right "[d]entary with teeth," [11] with additional cranial fragments such as a partial frontal. These specimens are catalogued as IVPP V 9612. The dentary preserves 11 teeth or roots with two additional empty alveoli. | |||
T. oehleri [4] | Yunnan [4] | Dark Red Beds [4] | "Isolated dentary." [11] |
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Sauropodomorphs reported from the Lufeng Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
C. lufengensis [12] | Yunnan [12] | "Skull [12] | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||
G. sinensis [13] | Yunnan [13] | "[Two] skeletons, [one] with partial skull, [two] partial skeletons, [three] skull fragments, adult." [15] | ||||
F. youngi [4] | Yunnan [4] |
| "Skull." [16] | |||
J. xinwaensis [14] | Yunnan [14] |
| "Complete skeleton with skull, adult." [15] | |||
"K. wusdingensis" [4] | Yunnan [4] |
| nomen nudum | |||
Lishulong [17] | L. wangi [17] | Yunnan [17] |
| Skull and cervical vertebrae 2–10 [17] | ||
L. huenei [13] | Yunnan [13] | "(including Gyposaurus sinensis, L. magnus)" [2] | ||||
L. magnus [13] | Yunnan [13] | |||||
T. minor [4] | Yunnan [4] |
| ||||
Xingxiulong | X. chengi | Yunnan | ||||
X. yueorum [18] | Yunnan |
| LF2015-NO01, an articulated postcranial skeleton | |||
Yizhousaurus [19] | Y. sunae | Yunnan |
| Partial skeleton with skull | ||
Y. huangi [13] | Yunnan [13] | "More than [twenty] partial to complete skeletons, [two] skulls, juvenile to adult." [16] | ||||
Y. robustus [13] | Yunnan [13] |
Theropods reported from the Lower Lufeng Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
E. deguchiianus [14] | Yunnan [14] |
| "Dentary." [20] | Possible therizinosaur | ![]() | |
L. yini [13] | Yunnan [13] | Possible crocodylomorph [23] | ||||
S. triassicus [13] | Yunnan [13] |
| Dilophosaurus sinensis specimen Now included in Sinosaurus | |||
Panguraptor [24] | P. lufengensis [24] | Yunnan [24] |
|
| A coelophysid |
Cynodonts reported from the Lufeng Formation | ||||||
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Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
Bienotherium |
| A tritylodontid | ![]() | |||
Dianzhongia | D. longirostrata | A tritylodontid | ||||
Hadrocodium [25] | H. wui [25] | Yunnan [25] |
| Skull | One of the oldest and smallest mammaliaforms known. Indicates a correlation between the separation of the middle ear bones from the mandible and the expanded brain vault in early mammals. [26] | |
Lufengia | L. delicata | A tritylodontid | ||||
Morganucodon |
| Zhangjiawa Member (M. heikuopengensis) Shawan Member (M. oehleri) | A morganucodontan | |||
Sinoconodon | S. rigneyi | Zhangjiawa Member | A mammaliamorph closely related to Mammaliaformes | |||
Yunnanodon [27] [28] | Y. brevirostre [27] | Yunnan [27] |
| A tritylodontid |