Mankayan

Mankayan
Municipality
Municipality of Mankayan
Lepanto Mines Airstrip
Flag Seal
Motto:  North to the Future of Benguet
Map of Benguet with Mankayan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Mankayan Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 16°51′24″N120°47′36″E / 16.8567°N 120.7933°E / 16.8567; 120.7933
Country	Philippines
Region	Cordillera Administrative Region
Province	Benguet
District	Lone district
Founded	1955
Barangays	12 (see Barangays)
Government   [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
•  Mayor	Frenzel A. Ayong
•  Vice Mayor	Joseph Denver B. Tongacan
•  Representative	Nestor B. Fongwan
•  Electorate	21,338 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	130.48 km2 (50.38 sq mi)
Elevation	1,338 m (4,390 ft)
Highest elevation	2,214 m (7,264 ft)
Lowest elevation	666 m (2,185 ft)
Population  (2020 census) [3]
• Total	37,233
• Density	290/km2 (740/sq mi)
•  Households	9,288
Economy
•  Income class	1st municipal income class
•  Poverty incidence	10.35 % (2018) [4]
•  Revenue	₱ 175.3 million (2020)
•  Assets	₱ 334.6 million (2020)
•  Expenditure	₱ 170.6 million (2020)
•  Liabilities	₱ 28.92 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	2608
PSGC	141111000
IDD  :  area code	+63 (0)74
Native languages	Kankanaey Ibaloi Ilocano Tagalog

Mankayan, officially the Municipality of Mankayan (Ilocano : Ili ti Mankayan; Tagalog : Bayan ng Mankayan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 37,233 people. ^[3]

The municipality is known as a mining town, being the location of several mines, including the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company. ^{[5] [6]}

Etymology

The name "Mankayan" is derived from Nancayan, the Hispanic term of the native name of the place, Nangkayang (which means "high up in the mountain"). ^{[5] [6]}

History

Pre-colonial period

Nangkayang was once a heavily forested area. The natives of the surrounding settlements of Panat and Bag-ongan mined gold through the labon system, after its reported discovery in a river. Copper was later discovered by the end of the 16th century in Kamangga-an (location of present-day Lepanto). ^[6]

Spanish period

By the 1800s, the Spanish colonial government sent expeditions to survey the mines. On February 3, 1850, an expedition led by engineer Don Antonio Hernandez confirmed the presence of copper in Mankayan.

In 1852, Lepanto was established by the Spanish as a comandancia politico-militar, ^{[6] [7]} composed of several rancherias which included Mankayan. ^[5]

Seven different mines were discovered in the Mankayan-Suyoc region during Admiral Pedro Durán de Monforte's 1667 expedition, and Simón de Anda's administration (1770-1776) mentioned Igorot copperware. In 1833, Galvey sent ore samples from Gambang ("copper"), Suyoc, and Mankayan, to the governor. The first Spanish mining claim on the Cordillera was made by Tomás Balbas y Castro on 26 March 1856, ^[8] and established a mining company called the Sociedad Minero-Metalurgica Cantabro Filipino de Mancayan. ^[5] The company ceased operations in 1875. ^[6]

American period

Under the American rule, Mankayan remained under the jurisdiction of Lepanto, and later Lepanto-Bontoc until the latter's dissolution. Mankayan was later annexed to the sub-province of Benguet as a municipal district in 1913. ^{[5] [6]}

The mining boom in Mankayan began in 1933, with American Victor Lednickey establishing the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company on September 26, 1936. ^{[5] [6]}

Second World War

In 1942, following the outbreak of the war, the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company, together with the Suyoc Consolidated Mining Company, were taken over by the Japanese Mitsui Mining Company, which renamed the mines into "Mitsui Mankayan Copper Mines". The Mitsui Company controlled the mines until 1945. ^{[5] [6] [9]}

Post-war era

After the war, the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company resumed the mining operations. ^{[5] [6]}

Mankayan was converted from a municipal district into a regular municipality on June 16, 1955, by virtue of Republic Act 1302. ^{[10] [11]}

In 2018, in order to preserve the highly artistic gangsa-making intangible heritage of the Mankayan elders, the cultural masters of the town converged and began teaching the younger generations the process and importance of gangsa-making to their way of life, effectively preserving indigenous gong culture in the town. ^[12]

Geography

Mankayan is on the north-western tip of Benguet. It is bordered by Bakun on the west, Buguias on the southeast, Tadian and Bauko on the east, and Cervantes on the north-west.

Mankayan is 94 kilometres (58 mi) from Baguio, 89 kilometres (55 mi) from La Trinidad, and 344 kilometres (214 mi) from Manila.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 130.48 square kilometres (50.38 sq mi)  ^[13] constituting 4.71% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq mi) total area of Benguet.

Barangays

Mankayan is politically subdivided into 12 barangays. ^[14] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

PSGC	Barangay	Population			±% p.a.
		2020 [3]		2010 [15]
141111001	Balili	17.6%	6,537	6,236	▴	0.47%
141111002	Bedbed	2.8%	1,058	864	▴	2.05%
141111003	Bulalacao	8.6%	3,205	3,349	▾	−0.44%
141111004	Cabiten	5.7%	2,129	1,854	▴	1.39%
141111005	Colalo	3.4%	1,268	1,232	▴	0.29%
141111006	Guinaoang	6.0%	2,249	1,855	▴	1.94%
141111008	Paco	15.4%	5,744	6,035	▾	−0.49%
141111009	Palasaan	6.3%	2,358	2,348	▴	0.04%
141111010	Poblacion	6.9%	2,572	3,084	▾	−1.80%
141111011	Sapid	8.6%	3,218	3,271	▾	−0.16%
141111012	Tabio	10.4%	3,855	3,792	▴	0.16%
141111013	Taneg	4.7%	1,760	1,666	▴	0.55%
	Total		37,233	35,586	▴	0.45%

Climate

Climate data for Mankayan, Benguet
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	20 (68)	22 (72)	23 (73)	25 (77)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	23 (73)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	13 (55)	14 (57)	15 (59)	17 (63)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	17 (63)	16 (61)	15 (59)	16 (61)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	35 (1.4)	46 (1.8)	63 (2.5)	117 (4.6)	402 (15.8)	400 (15.7)	441 (17.4)	471 (18.5)	440 (17.3)	258 (10.2)	94 (3.7)	68 (2.7)	2,835 (111.6)
Average rainy days	9.9	11.1	13.9	18.9	26.0	27.3	28.9	28.5	26.1	19.7	14.5	12.8	237.6
Source: Meteoblue [16]

Demographics

Population census of Mankayan

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1903	118	—
1918	2,977	+24.01%
1939	6,865	+4.06%
1948	5,742	−1.97%
1960	13,812	+7.59%
1970	21,780	+4.65%
1975	24,123	+2.07%
1980	25,684	+1.26%
1990	32,889	+2.50%
1995	34,699	+1.01%
2000	34,502	−0.12%
2007	34,563	+0.02%
2010	35,586	+1.07%
2015	35,953	+0.20%
2020	37,233	+0.69%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [17] [15] [18] [19]

In the 2020 census, Mankayan had a population of 37,233. ^[3] The population density was 290 inhabitants per square kilometre (750/sq mi).

Economy

Mankayan vegetable terraces

Government

Local government

Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

Mankayan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Benguet, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council
(2019–2022) ^[27]

Position	Name
Congressman	Nestor B. Fongwan [lower-alpha 1] Eric G. Yap (since January 20, 2020) [29]
Mayor	Frenzel A. Ayong
Vice-Mayor	Joseph Denver B. Tongacan
Councilors	Aldrin S. Camiling
	Julio Joey C. Culliao
	Baylon P. Galuten
	Balodoy M. Totanes
	Hector B. Gacita
	Alejandro N. Wagian
	Norberto N. Anasan
	Alexander A. Dapiawen

Education

Public schools

As of 2014, Mankayan has 35 public elementary schools and 9 public secondary schools. ^{[30] [31] [32]}

Elementary (2013-2014) [32] School Barangay Am-am Elementary School Balili Ampuntoc Primary School Colalo Ayosep Primary School Balili Baguyos Primary School Colalo Balili Elementary School Balili Bato Primary School Tabio Bedbed Elementary School Bedbed Bulalacao Elementary School Bulalacao Ca-ew Elementary School Bulalacao Cabacab Elementary School Balili Cabitin Elementary School Cabiten Cada Primary School Balili Camanpaguey Elementary School Cabiten Colalo Elementary School Colalo Cotcot Primary School (Cotcot) Guinaoang Elementary School Guinaoang Guiweng Primary School Tabio Kema Primary School Tabio Lap-angan Primary School (Lap-angan) Las-igan Elementary School Cabiten Lepanto Elementary School Paco Mankayan Central School Poblacion Mantiyeng Primary School Cabiten Marivic Elementary School Sapid Mogao Elementary School Balili Pacda Primary School Palasaan Paco Elementary School Paco Palatong Elementary School Tabio Payeo Primary School Bedbed Sapid Elementary School Sapid Sayapot Primary School Balili Suyoc Elementary School Taneg Taneg Elementary School Taneg Taneg Primary School Taneg Ulsino Primary School --

Secondary (2013-2014) [31] School Barangay Balili National High School Balili Balili National High School - Cabacab Annex Balili Bedbed National High School Bedbed Bulalacao National High School Bulalacao Cabiten National High School Cabiten Guinaoang National High School Guinaoang Lepanto National High School Paco Palatong National High School Tabio Mankayan National High School Poblacion

Notes

1. Died on December 18, 2019. ^[28]

References

1.   Municipality of Mankayan | (DILG)
2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN   0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
3. Census of Population (2020). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved 8 July 2021.
4. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
5. "Municipality of Mankayan". Province of Benguet (official website). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
6. "Municipality of Mankayan, Benguet". Department of the Interior and Local Government - Cordillera Administrative Region (official website). 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
7. "History: Benguet Province". Province of Benguet (official website). Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
8. Scott, William (1974). The Discovery of the Igorots. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. pp. 57–60, 245–246. ISBN   9711000873.
9. Bagamaspad, Anavic; Hamada-Pawid, Zenaida (1985). A People's History of Benguet. Baguio Printing & Publishing Company, Inc. p. 299.
10. "R.A. No. 1302: An Act to Convert the Municipal District of Mankayan, Sub-province of Benguet, Mountain Province, into a Municipality". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
11. "R.A. No. 1302: An Act to Convert the Municipal District of Mankayan, Sub-province of Benguet, Mountain Province, into a Municipality". PhilippineLaw.info. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
12. "News". Philippine Information Agency.
13. "Province: Benguet". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved 12 November 2016.
14. "Municipal: Mankayan". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved 8 January 2016.
15. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office . Retrieved 29 June 2016.
16. "Mankayan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
17. Census of Population (2015). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved 20 June 2016.
18. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
19. "Province of Benguet". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
20. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
21. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
22. "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
23. "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
24. "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
25. "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
26. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
27. "2019 National and Local Elections" (PDF). Commission on Elections. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
28. Cimatu, Frank (December 19, 2019). "Benguet Representative Nestor Fongwan dies at 68". Rappler.com. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
29. "House names party-list solon as Benguet caretaker". Philippine News Agency. January 22, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
30. "Masterlist of Public Elementary Schools for the School year 2012- 2013". Department of Education (Philippines), July 15, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
31. "Masterlist of Secondary Schools (School Year 2013- 2014)". Department of Education (Philippines), July 4, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
32. "Masterlist of Public Schools SY 2013-2014". Department of Education (Philippines), 22 October 2014. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.

External links

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code