Kabayan, Benguet

Kabayan
Municipality
Municipality of Kabayan
Rice terraces
Flag Seal
Map of Benguet with Kabayan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Kabayan Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 16°37′24″N120°50′17″E / 16.6233°N 120.8381°E / 16.6233; 120.8381
Country	Philippines
Region	Cordillera Administrative Region
Province	Benguet
District	Lone district
Barangays	13 (see Barangays)
Government   [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
•  Mayor	Florante B. Bantales Jr.
•  Vice Mayor	Mike E. Badival
•  Representative	Eric Go Yap
•  Electorate	10,092 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	242.69 km2 (93.70 sq mi)
Elevation	1,613 m (5,292 ft)
Highest elevation	2,688 m (8,819 ft)
Lowest elevation	932 m (3,058 ft)
Population  (2020 census) [3]
• Total	15,806
• Density	65/km2 (170/sq mi)
•  Households	3,752
Economy
•  Income class	4th municipal income class
•  Poverty incidence	11.34 % (2021) [4]
•  Revenue	₱ 116.2 million (2020)
•  Assets	₱ 231.1 million (2020)
•  Expenditure	₱ 92.33 million (2020)
•  Liabilities	₱ 56.5 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	2606
PSGC	141107000
IDD  :  area code	+63 (0)74
Native languages	Kankanaey Ibaloi Ilocano Tagalog

Kabayan, officially the Municipality of Kabayan (Ilocano : Ili ti Kabayan; Tagalog : Bayan ng Kabayan), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 15,806 people. ^[3]

Kabayan is the site of centuries-old Ibaloi mummies buried inside caves scattered around its villages. ^[5]

The third highest mountain in the Philippines, Mount Pulag, is located in the territorial boundary of the vegetable farming town.

Etymology

The name Kabayan was derived from the term Kaba-ayan, from the Ibaloi word ba-ay, a root crop vine thriving in the place. Most of the early Ibaloi settlements, in the area, which include Eddet and Duacan, were named after grasses in the heavily forested area. ^[6]

History

Pre-colonial period

The first Ibaloi settlers in Benguet arrived at Imbose (or Embosi), located in present-day Kabayan. ^{[6] [7]}

Mummification of the dead was practiced long before Spanish colonizers reached the place. ^{[6] [8]}

Spanish period

In the late 1800s, Spanish colonizers reached Kabayan via trails constructed throughout the mountain region. Organized into three rancherias, namely Adaoay, Kabayan, and Lutab (or Dutab), Kabayan was registered under the comandancia politico-militar of Benguet in 1846. ^{[6] [7]} Lutab (currently barangay Poblacion or Kabayan Central ^[9] ) was later integrated into the Kabayanrancheria. ^[7]

The practice of mummification of the dead would be discouraged by the Spaniards, until it would die out. ^{[8] [10]}

American period

During the American rule, Kabayan and Adaoay were established as two of the 19 townships of the province of Benguet, upon the issuance of Act No. 48 by the Philippine Commission on November 22, 1900. ^{[7] [11] [12]}

On August 13, 1908, Benguet would be established with the enactment of Act No. 1876 as a sub-province of the newly created Mountain Province. Six townships of Benguet were later abolished, including Adaoay, which was integrated into the township of Kabayan. ^{[7] [12]}

Post-war Era

On June 25, 1963, then-President Diosdado Macapagal issued Executive Order No. 42 converting eight (8) of the thirteen (13) towns (designated as municipal districts) of Benguet sub-province into regular municipalities. Kabayan was among them. ^[13]

On June 18, 1966, the sub-province of Benguet was separated from the old Mountain Province and would be converted into a regular province. Kabayan remained to be a component municipality of the newly established province. ^{[12] [14]}

Geography

Kabayan is located at 16°37′24″N120°50′17″E / 16.6233°N 120.8381°E / 16.6233; 120.8381 , at the central-eastern section of Benguet. It is bounded by Buguias on the north, Kibungan on the north-west, Atok on the south-west, Bokod on the south, Kayapa on the southeast, and Tinoc on the north-east.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 242.69 square kilometres (93.70 sq mi)  ^[15] constituting 8.76% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq mi) total area of Benguet.

Kabayan is 82 kilometres (51 mi) from Baguio, 87 kilometres (54 mi) from La Trinidad, 332 kilometres (206 mi) from Manila, and 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Buguias.

Barangays

Kabayan is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. ^[16] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

PSGC	Barangay	Population			±% p.a.
		2020 [3]		2010 [17]
141107001	Adaoay	4.4%	692	670	▴	0.32%
141107002	Anchukey	1.8%	290	296	▾	−0.20%
141107003	Ballay	19.0%	3,011	2,623	▴	1.39%
141107004	Bashoy	13.7%	2,165	1,597	▴	3.09%
141107005	Batan	6.8%	1,072	944	▴	1.28%
141107009	Duacan	4.8%	758	709	▴	0.67%
141107010	Eddet	5.9%	927	740	▴	2.28%
141107012	Gusaran	9.2%	1,460	1,330	▴	0.94%
141107013	Kabayan Barrio	2.7%	423	337	▴	2.30%
141107014	Lusod	5.5%	872	794	▴	0.94%
141107016	Pacso	7.6%	1,208	1,247	▾	−0.32%
141107017	Poblacion (Central)	12.1%	1,918	1,567	▴	2.04%
141107018	Tawangan	6.4%	1,010	734	▴	3.24%
	Total		15,806	15,806		0.00%

In the 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Barangay Anchukey would be the least populated barangay in the province of Benguet. ^[17]

Climate

Climate data for Kabayan, Benguet
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	25 (77)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	22 (72)	21 (70)	23 (73)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	13 (55)	14 (57)	15 (59)	17 (63)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	18 (64)	17 (63)	15 (59)	14 (57)	16 (61)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	38 (1.5)	57 (2.2)	77 (3.0)	141 (5.6)	390 (15.4)	355 (14.0)	426 (16.8)	441 (17.4)	426 (16.8)	259 (10.2)	97 (3.8)	57 (2.2)	2,764 (108.9)
Average rainy days	10.4	12.1	15.4	20.4	26.7	27.1	28.7	28.0	26.4	19.9	14.1	12.3	241.5
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) [18]

Demographics

Population census of Kabayan

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1903	22	—
1918	2,841	+38.27%
1939	4,190	+1.87%
1948	3,805	−1.07%
1960	5,869	+3.68%
1970	7,116	+1.94%
1975	8,363	+3.29%
1980	9,072	+1.64%
1990	10,306	+1.28%
1995	10,510	+0.37%
2000	12,344	+3.51%
2007	12,657	+0.35%
2010	13,588	+2.62%
2015	15,260	+2.23%
2020	15,806	+0.69%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [19] [17] [20] [21]

In the 2020 census, Kabayan had a population of 15,806. ^[3] The population density was 65 inhabitants per square kilometre (170/sq mi).

Economy

Poverty incidence of Kabayan

10 20 30 40 50 60 2006 18.00 2009 58.61 2012 15.67 2015 10.37 2018 19.14 2021 11.34 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]

Government

Kabayan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Benguet, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council
(2022-) ^[30]

Position	Name
Congressman	Eric G. Yap (elected) [31]
Mayor	Florante B. Bantales Jr.
Vice-Mayor	Mike E. Badival
Councilors	Rex Alwin G. Aquisan
	Sario M. Minas
	Roli Francis L. Wakit
	Orlan W. Kelcho
	Roli Nover L. Baskial
	Ghislyn F. Lucio-Marave
	Rudy B. Alos
	Marylou B. Cosalan

Tourism

Main article: Kabayan Mummies

Kabayan is best known for the antiquated centuries-old mummies and Mount Pulag, the third highest mountain in the Philippines. The Kabayan mummy burial caves are officially proclaimed Philippine National Cultural Treasures pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 374, and is under consideration as a World Heritage Site. ^[32] The mummified body of Apo Annu, a tribal leader, was stolen but recovered by an antique collector and was returned to the town. Archaeologists from various countries have visited the town to promote preservation of the mummies due to deterioration of the cadavers. The caves containing the cadavers of these mummies have been declared by Monument Watch as one of the "100 Most Endangered Sites" in the world. ^[33]

Mount Pulag is a destination for mountaineers, hikers, including picnickers. At its summit, the climbers can see the surroundings of the whole north Luzon.

National Museum-Kabayan

In May, 2024, the National Museum of the Philippines RAOD Chief Paolo Mar Chan announced the PHP25 million rehabilitation of National Museum-Kabayan's Site 1, the home to female mummies. It houses a geological collection and natural history artifacts on local death rites and rituals, mummies, plants used in mummification process and Kabayan-Ibaloi people items. The Museum also conserves and protects the Timbac burial caves and the mummy rocks, which features the famous “Apo Anno” mummy, a revered ancestor, in Buguias, Benguet. Timbac fire mummies are kept and preserved in the Timbac Mummy Rock Shelters or Timbac Caves in Mount Timbak (Mt. Singakalsa, 2717 meters above sea level, Luzon's 3rd highest and the 9th highest in the Philippines, especially in Barangay Pacso, Kabayan). Kabayan is home to Ibaloi Bendian festival where the 15th Eco-Tourism and Bindiyan Festival-Bendian dance 2024 was held in May 1. Kabayan mummies sites are the Opdas Mass Burial Cave, Tinongchol Burial Rock, Timbac Burial Rock Shelter, Pongasan and Kangal and Kabayan Museum. ^{[34] [35]}

Education

Public schools

As of 2014, Kabayan has 22 public elementary schools and 3 public secondary schools. ^{[36] [37] [38]}

>Elementary (2013-2014) [38] School Barangay Abucot Elementary School Eddet Adaoay Elementary School Adaoay Anchokey Primary School Anchokey Asokong Pacso Elementary School Gusaran Asokong Pacso Elementary School - Annex Pacso Awing Primary School Adaoay Ballay Elementary School Ballay Bashoy Elementary School Bashoy Batan Elementary School Batan Bio B. Midol Elementary School Ballay Chapides Primary School Gusaran Duacan Primary School Duacan Eddet Elementary School Adaoay Kabayan Barrio Elementary School Kabayan Barrio Kabayan Central School Poblacion Lebeng Primary School Bashoy Lusod Elementary School Lusod Mongoto Elementary School (Timbac) Mt. Pulag Primary School Bashoy Tamang Elementary School Batan Tawangan Elementary School Tawangan Tinaleb Elementary School Ballay

Secondary (2013-2014) [37] School Barangay Adaoay National High School Adaoay Kamora National High School Gusaran Tawangan-Lusod National High School Tawangan

References

1.   Municipality of Kabayan | (DILG)
2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN   0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
3. Census of Population (2020). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved July 8, 2021.
4. "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
5. "Kabayan Mummies". Mummy Tombs. Archived from the original on October 28, 2000. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
6. "Municipality of Kabayan: History of Kabayan". Province of Benguet (official website). Archived from the original on December 3, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
7. "Municipality of Kabayan, Benguet". Department of the Interior and Local Government - Cordillera Administrative Region . Archived from the original on January 22, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
8. Deem, James M. "Kabayan Mummies". Mummy Tombs. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
9. Baucas, Biano L. (1998). A Brief History of Kabayan, Benguet. Benguet, Philippines: Hamada Publishing. p. 43. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
10. "Kabayan Mummy Caves". World Monuments Fund. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
11. "Facts & Figures: Benguet Province". Philippine Statistics Authority - National Statistical Coordination Board - Cordillera Administrative Region . Archived from the original on February 28, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
12. "History: Benguet Province". Province of Benguet (official website). Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
13. "Executive Order No. 42, s. 1963: Declaring Certain Municipal Districts in the Philippines as Municipalities". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
14. "Republic Act No. 4695: An Act Creating the Provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. June 18, 1966. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
15. "Province: Benguet". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
16. "Municipal: Kabayan, Benguet". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved January 8, 2016.
17. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office . Retrieved June 29, 2016.
18. "Kabayan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
19. Census of Population (2015). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
20. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
21. "Province of Benguet". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
22. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
23. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
24. "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
25. "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
26. "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
27. "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
28. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
29. "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
30. "2019 National and Local Elections" (PDF). Commission on Elections. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
31. "House names party-list solon as Benguet caretaker". Philippine News Agency. January 22, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
32. "Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves". Tentative Lists. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
33. "The Kabayan Branch". National Museum of the Philippines. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
34. Agoot, Liza (May 2, 2024). "P25-M museum rehab to boost Benguet town's tourism". Philippine News Agency . Retrieved May 7, 2024.
35. Alimondo, Lauren (November 18, 2019). "Kabayan cave still closed". SunStar . Retrieved May 7, 2024.
36. "Masterlist of Public Elementary Schools for the School year 2012- 2013". Department of Education (Philippines), July 15, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
37. "Masterlist of Secondary Schools (School Year 2013- 2014)". Department of Education (Philippines), July 4, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on July 1, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
38. "Masterlist of Public Schools SY 2013-2014". Department of Education (Philippines), October 22, 2014. Archived from the original (XLSX) on April 21, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2014.

External links

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code