Marchantiana

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Marchantiana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Marchantiana
S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell & Hur (2014)
Type species
Marchantiana occidentalis
(Elix, S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, A.Thell, Elix, J.Kim, A.S.Kondr. & Hur (2014)
Species

M. asserigena
M. haematommona
M. magnetensis
M. michelagoensis
M. occidentalis
M. queenslandica
M. tasmanica

Contents

Synonyms [1]
  • StreimanniellaS.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, A.Thell, Elix & Hur (2015)

Marchantiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] [3] It contains seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

Lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Alan Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur circumscribed the genus Marchantiana in 2014, as part of a taxonomic revision of the family Teloschistaceae. They designated Marchantiana occidentalis as its type species. Initially, the genus comprised six species, all native to the Southern Hemisphere, with all but one species from Australia. The genus was named in honour of the Australian botanist Neville Graeme Marchant, to acknowledge his extensive contributions to the flora of Western Australia. [4]

In 2023, molecular analysis using three genes suggested a close relationship between Marchantiana and Yoshimuria , and identified several new species from Patagonia. [5] A comprehensive revision in 2024 built upon these findings, revealing that what was previously considered Marchantiana actually represents two distinct genera. While Marchantiana in the strict sense ( sensu stricto ) was retained for the type species M. occidentalis and related species primarily from Australia, a new genus Taedigera was established for species from southern Patagonia and New Zealand. This revision also confirmed that the genus Yoshimuria from East Asia represents a sister group to both genera. The genus Streimanniella, which was previously segregated from Marchantiana, was shown to be based on misidentified material and was synonymised with Marchantiana. Several species previously placed in Marchantiana were also found to belong in other genera – for example, M. maulensis was transferred to the genus Villophora , while M. burneyensis, M. kalbiorum and M. seppeltii were shown to belong in the subfamily Teloschistoideae. [1]

The current circumscription recognises seven species in Marchantiana, most of which are endemic to Australia, with only M. asserigena having a wider distribution including Europe. The sister genus Taedigera contains six species found primarily in New Zealand and southern Patagonia. This geographic pattern, along with differences in secondary chemistry, supports the separation of these genera despite their morphological similarities. [1]

Description

Both Marchantiana and Taedigera have a crust-like thallus that can range in appearance from a continuous to a patchy texture. Its colour varies, encompassing pale grey, dark brownish-grey, dark greenish-grey, and even vibrant hues of yellow or orange. The cortical layer is often thin and arranged in a specific cellular pattern known as paraplectenchymatous . The apothecia can fall into three types: biatorine , zeorine , or lecanorine . The true exciple of these structures are made of pseudoprosoplectenchymatous tissue. Each reproductive sac, or ascus, contains eight spores that are divided into 2, 3, or 4 compartments ( locules ) by partitions called septa. Its conidia are rod-shaped or slightly elongated rod-shaped. [4] The two genera are distinguished primarily by their secondary chemistry. Marchantiana species are characterised by diverse secondary metabolites, including chlorinated compounds like neochloroemodin and 5-chloroemodin, as well as depsidones like vicanicin, isofulgidin and caloploicin. In contrast, Taedigera species show simpler chemical profiles dominated by either parietin or emodin and its derivatives. [1]

Standard chemical spot tests indicate reactions vary between species, with some showing K+ (purple) reactions in both thallus and apothecia, while others show K− reactions in the thallus but K+ (purple) in the apothecia. Some Taedigera species also show distinctive C+ (red) reactions in their apothecia. [4] [1]

The genera also show distinct geographic patterns, with Marchantiana species primarily occurring in warmer regions of mainland Australia, while Taedigera species are found in cooler regions of New Zealand and southern Patagonia. Both genera are primarily corticolous, growing on thin twigs and branches, though some species can occasionally be found on other substrates. [1]

Species

Marchantiana includes seven species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens, primarily found in Australia: [1]

Former species

Several species previously placed in Marchantiana have been transferred to other genera: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although its members occur predominantly in temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

Kaernefia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, found in Australia or South Africa.

Filsoniana is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has six species. Filsoniana is distinguished from Caloplaca by its squamulose (scaly) thallus that contains anthraquinones, in the tissue structure comprising the rim of the apothecia, and in differences in the cortical layer on the underside of the exciple.

Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.

Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.

<i>Wetmoreana</i> Genus of lichens

Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises 15 formally described species, one subspecies, and three undescribed species of crustose or squamulose that are predominantly saxicolous (rock-dwelling). The genus is characterized by its distinct lobes, orange zeorine apothecia when present, and the frequent occurrence of asexual propagules such as schizidia, isidia, or soredia. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus medulla of many species.

<i>Gallowayella hasseana</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella hasseana, the poplar sunburst lichen, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in North America.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

<i>Gondwania</i> Genus of lichens

Gondwania is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises five species of crustose lichens.

Cerothallia yarraensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt, as Caloplaca yarraensis. Kondratyuk and colleagues transferred it to the genus Cerothallia in 2014.

<i>Gallowayella montana</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella montana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in North America.

Eilifdahlia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

Franwilsia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species.

Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.

Marchantiana occidentalis is a species of corticolous and saxicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Western Australia, usually as an inhabitant of dry twigs, bark, or wood of various plant species, but occasionally on granite rock outcrops. It forms a well-developed thallus, shiny and composed of tiny dark greenish to brown areoles, with sizes typically ranging from 5–15 mm, though larger aggregations are possible. It features numerous rounded apothecia scattered across its surface, varying in form and colour, with a distinct margin and disc.

Honeggeria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Honeggeria rosmarieae, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen found in the United States. Characteristic features of the lichen include its isidia-like soredia, rhizines that are relatively broad and short, slender ascospores, and a rudimentary true exciple with a textura intricata tissue structure.

Elenkiniana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, all of which occur in Eurasia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Søchting, Ulrik; Arup, Ulf (2024). "Revision of Marchantiana (Caloplacoideae, Teloschistaceae) – a misconceived lichen genus". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 69 (2): 135–148. doi: 10.35535/pfsyst-2024-0013 .
  2. ↑ "Marchantiana". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  3. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [157]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 .
  4. 1 2 3 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Jeong, M.-H.; Yu, N.-N.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Elix, J.A.; Kim, J.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Hur, J.-S. (2014). "A revised taxonomy for the subfamily Caloplacoideae (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 56 (1–2): 93–123. doi:10.1556/abot.56.2014.1-2.10.
  5. ↑ Søchting, Ulrik; Sancho, Leo G.; Arup, Ulf (2023). "Marchantiana pyramus, M. ramulicola and Austroplaca thisbe (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) – three new twig lichens from southern Patagonia". The Lichenologist. 55 (5): 377–387. doi:10.1017/s0024282923000361.
  6. ↑ Søchting, U.; Arup, U. (2018). "Marchantiana asserigena comb. nov., a possible European immigrant from Australia" (PDF). Graphis Scripta. 30 (6): 115–120.
  7. ↑ "Record Details: Marchantiana maulensis S.Y. Kondr. & Hur, in Kondratyuk, Jeong, Yu, Kärnefelt, Thell, Elix, Kim, Kondratiuk & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 56(1-2): 108 (2014)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 12 January 2024.
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