Marine Park (neighborhood), Brooklyn

Last updated
Marine Park
Neighborhood of Brooklyn
GerristenAvenue.jpg
Gerritsen Avenue, a major traffic corridor in the neighborhood
Marine Park (neighborhood), Brooklyn
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°35′53″N73°55′12″W / 40.598°N 73.920°W / 40.598; -73.920
Country Flag of the United States.svg  United States
State Flag of New York.svg  New York
City Flag of New York City.svg  New York City
Borough Brooklyn
Community District Brooklyn 18
Population
 (2010) [1]
 • Total45,231
 Neighborhood tabulation area; includes Mill Basin, Bergen Beach, Marine Park, and Flatlands
Ethnicity
[2]
 • White73.8%
 • Black10.9
 • Hispanic7.9
 • Asian5.6
 • Other1.8
ZIP Code
11229, 11234
Area codes 718, 347, 929, and 917

Marine Park is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood lies between Flatlands and Mill Basin to the east, and Gerritsen Beach, Midwood, and Sheepshead Bay to the south and west. It is mostly squared off in area by Gerritsen Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, Avenue U and Kings Highway. The neighborhood's eponymous park is the largest public park in Brooklyn. [3] Charles Downing Lay won a silver medal in town planning at the 1936 Olympics for the planning of Marine Park. [4]

Contents

Marine Park is largely inhabited by people of ethnic groups such as Italian Americans, Irish Americans, Greek Americans, and Jewish Americans. The area is part of Brooklyn Community Board 18. [5]

History

The neighborhood is situated around Gerritsen Creek, the westernmost inlet of Jamaica Bay; [6] the creek's path within the neighborhood was covered in 1920. [7] [8] During the last 5,000 years, strips of sand were deposited by ocean currents. These beach strips form a surf-barrier and allow salt marshes to thrive:

...Gerritsen Creek was a freshwater stream that once extended about twice as far inland as it does today. Around 1920 the creek north of Avenue U was converted into an underground storm drain. Yet it continues to supply the salt marsh with fresh water, which helps the marsh support a wide range of organisms... [9]

The area was a hunting and fishing ground for Native Americans from the nearby village of Keshawchqueren. Pits for cooking and preparing food dating from 800 to 1400 AD were uncovered in Marine Park, along with deer and turtle bones, oyster shells, and sturgeon scales. In the 17th century, the Dutch began to settle in the area, which had similarities to the marshland and coastal plains of the Netherlands. The land proved to be fairly good farmland and there was an abundance of clams, oysters, and game from the region as well.

...Fearing that the relatively pristine marshland around Gerritsen Creek would be destroyed, Frederick B. Pratt and Alfred T. White offered the city 150 acres (0.6 km2) in the area for use as a park in 1917. After a seven-year delay the City accepted the offer. The prospect of a new park inspired developers to erect new homes in the area and, in the year 1926, form the organization, Marine Park Civic Association, although park improvements were slow to follow. Fill deposited in the marshlands in the 1930s and now land purchases increased the park's area to 1,822 acres (7 km2) by 1937. That year the Board of Aldermen named the site Brooklyn Marine Park... [9]

One of the oldest houses in the neighborhood is the Hendrick I. Lott House, built in 1720. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a New York City designated landmark. [10] [11] In the 18th century, George Washington made a stop for several days on the land nearby. There was a gristmill on the water at the time.

As early as 1910, developers began dredging ports within Jamaica Bay in an effort to develop a seaport district there. [12] Although the city allowed several piers to be constructed in 1918, only one was built on the former Barren Island. The pier, which was built in order to receive landfill for the other proposed piers, stretched 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast and was 700 feet (210 m) wide. [13] In 1931, the city took possession of 58 acres (23 ha) on the western side of Barren Island. That plot was combined with a 110-acre (45 ha) tract owned by Kings County to create the park named Marine Park. [14] : 51  Urban planner Robert Moses expanded Marine Park in 1935, and the city acquired 1,822 acres (737 ha) of land. This comprised the entire island west of Flatbush Avenue. [14] : 53  Barren Island's residents were mostly evicted by 1939, and part of the island became part of Marine Park, but much of the rest of the island became Floyd Bennett Field. [15]

In 1935, the mill burned down to the water level due to vandals, leaving only wood pilings across the water, which can be clearly seen to this day during low tide. In the mid-20th century the area was abused by trash and abandoned cars. At one point it became a landfill and trash piled up to 60 feet (18 m) in certain areas. After a massive cleanup effort in the 1990s the area was restored to its former glory, with exception of a few rusty car parts riddling the area, and teens littering and causing arson to the dry tall Phragmites from time to time.

Demographics

Marine Park is located in zip code 11234, which also includes Mill Basin, Bergen Beach/Georgetown, and the southern portion of Flatlands. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the combined population of Georgetown, Marine Park, Bergen Beach, and Mill Basin was 45,231, an increase of 2,291 (5.3%) from the 42,940 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,662.88 acres (672.94 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 27.2 inhabitants per acre (17,400/sq mi; 6,700/km2). [1]

By the end of the 20th century, the majority of Marine Park residents were white, as were most residents of adjacent neighborhoods such as Mill Basin and Bergen Beach. [16] By 2011, the number of black residents in Southeast Brooklyn had risen 241%, the steepest such increase of any area in the city. As of that year, the African American population in these neighborhoods represented 10.9% of the total population. [17] As of the 2010 Census, the racial makeup of Southeast Brooklyn was 73.8% (33,399) White, 10.9% (4,952) African American, 0.1% (47) Native American, 5.6% (2,521) Asian, 0.0% (7) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (144) from other races, and 1.3% (578) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.9% (3,583) of the population. [2] The 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning showed that the Marine Park/Mill Basin/Bergen Beach area has between 20,000 and 29,999 White residents and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents, meanwhile the Hispanic and Asian populations each were less than 5000 residents. [18] [19]

Police and crime

Marine Park is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 63rd Precinct. [20] The precinct also covers Bergen Beach, Mill Basin, and part of Flatlands. [21] The 63rd Precinct ranked 31st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. [22]

The 63rd Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 82.7% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 1 murder, 10 rapes, 114 robberies, 170 felony assaults, 119 burglaries, 537 grand larcenies, and 135 grand larcenies auto in 2022. [23]

Transportation

Marine Park is served by the B2 , B3 , B9 , B31 , B41 , B44 , B44 SBS , B46 , B46 SBS , B47 , B100 , BM4 and Q35 bus routes, operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations. [24] There are no New York City Subway stations in the neighborhood; the closest is the Kings Highway station in Midwood. The closest highway available in the neighborhood is the Belt Parkway on the Flatbush Avenue exit.

Park

The park's Salt Marsh Nature Center Prirodnyi Tsentr Salt Marsh.jpg
The park's Salt Marsh Nature Center

The neighborhood also contains a public park of the same name. The park's 530 acres (2.1 km2) of grassland and salt marsh surround the westernmost inlet of Jamaica Bay. [3] Most of the park's land was donated to New York City in the 1910s and 1920s, and consists of the area between the current day Fillmore Avenue and Gerritsen Avenue and East 38th Street. Originally almost 2,000 acres (810 ha), over half of which has been donated to the National Park Service as part of the Gateway National Recreation Area, the park is mainly a fertile salt marsh that is supplied with freshwater from Gerritsen Creek. Marine Park consists of recreational park areas and the Salt Marsh Nature Center. [12] There is also a playground, several sports fields, and 0.83 mile-long running path, all of which were built on the ancient Keshawchqueren burial ground. [25]

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  2. 1 2 Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  3. 1 2 Marine Park, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed September 24, 2016. "As Brooklyn's largest park, Marine Park has plenty of room to serve a lot of needs. Environmentally, it consists of 530 acres (210 ha) of grassland and precious salt marsh, protected as a Forever Wild preserve."
  4. ↑ "And the Medal Goes to..." Brooklyn Public Library. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Brooklyn Community Boards". City of New York. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Officials Celebrate the Gerritsen Creek Ecosystem Restoration Project in Marine Park". United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2012-08-14.
  7. ↑ Josephine Axt (2003). "Ecosystem restoration promotes understanding" (PDF). US Army Corps of Engineers.
  8. ↑ "FACT SHEET-Gerritsen Creek–MARINE PARK, NY: Ecosystem Restoration Project". US Army Corps of Engineers.
  9. 1 2 Marine Park Civic Association. "The History of Marine Park". Archived from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2006.
  10. ↑ Larry E. Gobrecht (February 1981). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Hendrick I. Lott House". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation . Retrieved 2011-02-20.See also: "Accompanying four photos".
  11. ↑ "Hendrick I. Lott House : NYC Parks". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. June 26, 1939. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  12. 1 2 "Marine Park Highlights". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. June 17, 2003. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  13. ↑ Black, Frederick R. (1981). "JAMAICA BAY: A HISTORY" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service: 77–79.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. 1 2 Cody, Sarah K.; Auwaerter, John; Curry, George W. (2009). "Cultural Landscape Report for Floyd Bennett Field" (PDF). nps.gov . State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
  15. ↑ "BARREN ISLAND IS FADING; Marine Park Squeezing Out Community On the Sand Dunes in Jamaica Bay" (PDF). The New York Times. February 19, 1939. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  16. ↑ Friedman, Andrew (2001-06-03). "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: SOUTHEAST BROOKLYN; Drops of Diversity in a Quiet Area". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  17. ↑ Musumeci, Natalie; Durkin, Erin (September 22, 2011). "Black pop. growing in south Bk". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  18. ↑ "Key Population & Housing Characteristics; 2020 Census Results for New York City" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. August 2021. pp. 21, 25, 29, 33. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Map: Race and ethnicity across the US". CNN. August 14, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  20. ↑ Teicher, Jordan G. (2015-07-08). "City Living: Bergen Beach satisfies your craving for real suburban living". am New York. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  21. ↑ "NYPD – 63rd Precinct". www.nyc.gov. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Flatlands – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report". www.dnainfo.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  23. ↑ "63rd Precinct CompStat Report" (PDF). www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department . Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  24. ↑ "Brooklyn Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  25. ↑ Wall, Diana diZerega (2004). Touring Gotham's Archaeological Past: 8 Self-Guided Walking Tours through New York City. Yale University. pp. 173–175. ISBN   0300103883.
  26. ↑ Rimer, Sara. "Chess At New York Open: 'It's Like A War'", The New York Times , April 18, 1987. Accessed February 11, 2018. "In hopes of one day becoming a world champion, Mr. Benjamin, a Yale graduate from the Marine Park section of Brooklyn, said he will be moving to Barcelona next month to pursue chess under the tutelage of John Fedorowicz, a grandmaster from New York."
  27. ↑ "The scapegoating of Harvey Pitt", Institutional Investor , July 31, 2002. Accessed June 3, 2023. "Pitt was born on February 28, 1945, in Crown Heights, then a middle-class section of Brooklyn....When he was seven, his family moved east to the more serene Marine Park neighborhood, where young Harvey spent most of his time off from public school playing stickball and going to see Brooklyn Dodgers games at Ebbets Field -- until the team split for Los Angeles in 1957."
  28. ↑ Murphy, Doyle. "Bitcoin coming to Park Slope hotel? Not so fast, manager says", New York Daily News , June 17, 2014. February 11, 2018. "Shrem, who grew up in Marine Park, has become something of a rock star among the currency’s fervent followers. An early adopter, he began accepting bitcoin at his Manhattan bar EVR years ago and is a self-described millionaire at age 24."
  29. ↑ Weiss, Steven I. "Hirhurim Blogger Gil Student Hired by OU Press", The Jewish Channel, May 26, 2009. Accessed February 11, 2018. "Rabbi Student and his wife of 15 years, Miriam, live in the Marine Park section of Brooklyn with their four children."
  30. ↑ Newman, Andy. "Kind Words for Torre, From Marine Park to the Bronx", The New York Times , October 10, 2007. Accessed February 11, 2018. "Beside the ballfields at Marine Park in Brooklyn, where pudgy young Joe Torre grew up and where he smacked some of his first home runs, Bob Rosenstein, walking the track after a lunchtime run, spoke admiringly of Mr. Torre’s work for domestic violence victims and for young athletes."
  31. ↑ "A Writer's Road. Famed Writer Speaks To The Rockaway Times". rockawaytimes.com. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
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