| Mayetiola | |
|---|---|
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| The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Cecidomyiidae |
| Subfamily: | Cecidomyiinae |
| Supertribe: | Lasiopteridi |
| Tribe: | Oligotrophini |
| Genus: | Mayetiola Kieffer, 1896 |
| Synonyms | |
Mayetiola are a genus of flies from the family Cecidomyiidae. Most species are pests of cereal crops.
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The Hessian fly or barley midge, Mayetiola destructor, is a species of fly that is a significant pest of cereal crops including wheat, barley and rye. Though a native of Asia, upon its discovery it was believed to have been transported into North America in the straw bedding of Hessian troops during the American Revolution (1775–1783), thus the origin of its common name. However, the report of an inquiry made in 1788 by Sir Joseph Banks states that "no such insect could be found to exist in Germany or any other part of Europe". Nonetheless, it appears that this species, or one exactly like it in habits, had been known for at least a century prior to the American Revolution from a locality near Geneva, and also for a long time from some regions in France.
The Cynipoidea are a moderate-sized hymenopteran superfamily that presently includes seven extant families and three extinct families, though others have been recognized in the past. The most familiar members of the group are phytophagous, especially as gall-formers, though the actual majority of included species are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids. They are typically glossy, dark, smooth wasps with somewhat compressed bodies and somewhat reduced wing venation. It is common for various metasomal segments to be fused in various ways, and the petiole is very short, when present.
The Cecidomyiinae, commonly known as gall midges or gall gnats, is the largest subfamily in Cecidomyiidae with over 600 genera and more than 5000 described species. This subfamily is best known for its members that induce galls on plants, but there are also many species that are fungivores, parasitoids, or predators as maggots.
The Lasiopteridi is a supertribe of flies from the family Cecidomyiidae. They are often called gall midges or gall gnats.
Mayetiola hordei,, the barley stem gall midge, is a cereal pest in Tunisia, closely related to the Hessian fly.
Andricus is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae.
Contarinia is a genus of midges, small flies in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are over 300 described species in the genus.
Rabdophaga is genus of flies in the family of gall midges Cecidomyiidae. There are 105 species distributed through Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. Most species of Rabdophaga gall willows ; one exception is R. giraudiana which galls the stems of poplars.
Schizomyia is a genus of gall midges. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Cecidomyiini is a tribe of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are at least 220 described species in Cecidomyiini.
Oligotrophini is a tribe of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are at least 300 described species in Oligotrophini.
Micromyinae is a subfamily of wood midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. Its members were formerly included in subfamily Lestremiinae. There are at least 55 genera and more than 650 described species in Micromyinae. All species in this subfamily are mycophageous.
Winnertziinae is a subfamily of gall midges and wood midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.
Janetiella is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are at least thirty described species.
Diplolepis fructuum is a hymenopteran gall wasp which causes a galls on wild roses. The species is closely related to D. rosae and D. mayri but it produces its galls in the seeds of wild roses thus damaging its hips. The species is distributed mainly in the Northern regions of the Middle East, the Caucasus region and Northern shores of the Black Sea.
Ewald Heinrich Rübsaamen was a German teacher, artist, and amateur entomologist who studied gall forming insects, especially the gall midges (Cecidomyiidae), and worked on pest control in grapes, most importantly on Phylloxera.
Harmandiola is a genus of flies belonging to the family Cecidomyiidae. The 14 described species are found in the Holarctic region. They induces galls on Populus, Castanea, and Carya.
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