| False heath fritillary | |
|---|---|
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| Female upperside | |
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| Underside | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Melitaea |
| Species: | M. diamina |
| Binomial name | |
| Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Melitaea diamina, the false heath fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Subspecies include: [2]
This species is widespread in central and southern Europe (from northern Spain, southern and eastern France, Italy and eastwards into southern Scandinavia and Bulgaria), southern Siberia, north-eastern China, southern Ussuri, Korea and Japan. [2] [3] These butterflies live in damp flowery meadows, woodland margins and rides from low to alpine levels up to 2200 m. [4]
Melitaea diamina has a wingspan of 36–42 mm. Females are larger than males. [5] [6] This medium-sized species is highly variable in extent of black markings and in the diversification of ground colour on the upperside of the wings. The upper side of the wings usually is black brown, with yellowish-orange ground colour and white chequered fringe. On the upperside of the hindwings there are very heavy dark markings. Sometimes it may be uniformly dark brown. The underside of the hindwings shows a submarginal series of white half moons and a few bands of creamy-white and orange checkers. [4] [7]
M. dictynna Esp. (= corythalia Hhn.) (67b). Above much darker than the various previous species, the black markings heavy, in the male only some small rounded spots on the forewing and a submarginal row of dots on the hindwing reddish yellow, in the female the outer half of the upperside variegated with ivory yellow and ochreous spots, the fringes being white in both sexes. Beneath marked as in the athalia , but the bands of the hindwing more chestnut. Throughout Europe (except the extreme north and south, as well as Great Britain), also in North and Central Asia eastward to the coasts of the Pacific, being in the west abundant almost everywhere, rarer in the east and north. Particularly light resp. dark specimens are not rare and, according to Spuler, should be named ab. corythalia and ab. navarina respectively. — The form erycina Stgr.[ Lederer not Staudinger now ssp. qv. (67c), from Amurland and the Altai, is above almost exactly like European specimens, the spots being somewhat paler; beneath more variegated, the brown submarginal band being paler below the costa but not interrupted; the specimens from northern Amurland a little smaller. Not plentiful anywhere (Graeser). — erycinides Stgr.[ now ssp. qv.] (67c) is a large erycinides race from Central Asia and certain places farther east, the upperside being spotted with dark in the male and with whitish yellow in the female, while the submarginal band of the underside is much darker brown than in European specimens, the margin of the forewing beneath being broadly shaded with dark brown. The specimens figured are from — Larva of dictynna dark grey with yellow spines; the body with bluish dots,2 such dots on the head; on the back black longitudinal stripes. From the autumn until May on Plantago, Veronica, Valeriana, etc. Pupa silvery grey or yellowish grey, dotted with black, dorsally on the abdomen rows of small russet- yellow warts. The butterflies from June until August in swampy meadows, especially near water-ditches and in meadows in woods. They are slow fliers, perhaps the least fast among all the Melitaeas. In the high Alps they frequent the same localities as many Erebias, with which they fly together. They occur up to 10000 ft. [8]
This species is rather similar to Melitaea varia , Melitaea parthenoides , Melitaea aurelia , Melitaea britomartis , Melitaea deione , Melitaea asteria and Melitaea athalia . [4]
This species usually has a single brood from May to July depending on the altitude. In some warmer regions it may have a second generation. [4] Caterpillars feed on Valeriana officinalis , Valeriana sambucifolia , Valeriana dioica , Valeriana wallrothii , Filipendula ulmaria , Veronica chamaedrys , Plantago lanceolata , Melampyrum pratense , Melampyrum nemorosum , Polygonum bistorta and Patrinia species. [2] Pupation occurs on the host plants near to the ground. Adults fly from May to September.
The silver-washed fritillary is a common and variable butterfly found over much of the Palearctic realm – Algeria, Europe and across the Palearctic to Japan.
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The heath fritillary is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout the Palaearctic from western Europe to Japan, in heathland, grassland, and in coppiced woodland. Its association with coppiced woodland earned it the name "woodman's follower" in parts of the UK. It is considered a threatened species in the UK and Germany, but not Europe-wide or globally.
The purple-shot copper is a butterfly in the family of the Lycaenidae or copper butterflies and in the genus of the Lycaena.
Apatura ilia, the lesser purple emperor, is a species of butterfly native to most of Europe and east across the Palearctic. It is named for its similarity to the purple emperor butterfly.
The scarce copper is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.
The purple-edged copper is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.
Melitaea aurelia, or Nickerl's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in central Europe.
Melitaea didyma, the spotted fritillary or red-band fritillary, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Melitaea phoebe, also known as the knapweed fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm, except the northernmost locations. It used to include Melitaea telona, recently revalidated as a distinct cryptic species.
Lycaena helle, the violet copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from the Pyrenees to northern Norway and from Belgium east across the Palearctic to Central Asia, Siberia and Amur.The wingspan is 24–26 mm. The butterfly flies from May to July depending on the location.
Lycaena tityrus, the sooty copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Europe.
Polyommatus amandus, the Amanda's blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm.
Boloria pales, the shepherd's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees through the Alps and Apennine Mountains east to the Balkan, Carpathian Mountains, the Caucasus and central Asia up to western China.
Polyommatus (Plebicula) dorylas, the turquoise blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Ural Mountains, Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Its wingspan is 15–17 mm. The butterfly's common name comes from the dazzling bright blue colour of male's wings. The larvae feed on Anthyllis vulneraria. The butterfly flies from May to September in two generations. Habitats include flowery meadows in rocky areas at 500–2000 m.
Melitaea nevadensis is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
Lycaena violacea is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.
Euphydryas intermedia synonym ichnea is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic that belongs to the browns family. It occurs up to 2200 m above sea level.
Erebia dabanensis is a small butterfly found in the East Palearctic that belongs to the browns family.
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