The pig-tailed langur, monotypic in genus Simias, is a large Old World monkey, endemic to several small islands off the coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Its face is black, its fur is black-brown and it has a relatively short tail. It is a diurnal species, feeding in the rainforest canopy on leaves, and to a lesser extent, fruit and berries. Little is known of its natural history, but it is heavily hunted, its populations have been declining rapidly and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "critically endangered". It has been included on a list of the World's 25 Most Endangered Primates.
Striped ground squirrels form a taxon of squirrels under the subfamily Callosciurinae. They are only found in Southeast Asia. Species in this genus include:
The Pagai Island macaque, also known as the Pagai macaque or Bokkoi, is an Old World monkey endemic to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List due to its ever-shrinking habitat. Macaca pagensis formerly included the overall darker Siberut macaque as a subspecies, but this arrangement is polyphyletic, leading to the two being classified as separate species. Both were formerly considered subspecies of the southern pig-tailed macaque.
The long-headed hill rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it is only known from Mount Tambusisi. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Koopman's pencil-tailed tree mouse is a species of arboreal rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Pagai and Siberut islands in the Mentawai Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is tropical primary lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss (logging).
Edwards's long-tailed giant rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Leopoldamys is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It contains the following species:
Neill's long-tailed giant rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and possibly Myanmar.
The long-tailed giant rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
The Pagai spiny rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia, on South Pagai, North Pagai, Sipora, and Siberut islands.
Verschuren's swamp rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Mentawai rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia, on the islands of Siberut, Sipora, Pagai Utara, and Pagai Selatan.
The gray-tailed narrow-headed rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Ethiopia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-elevation shrubland, and subtropical or tropical high-elevation grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The golden-bellied treeshrew is a treeshrew species within the Tupaiidae. It is also called Mentawai treeshrew as it is endemic to the Indonesian Mentawai islands of Sipora, North and South Pagai. It lives in forests, and is considered endangered due to habitat loss since the islands' forests are continuously logged.
The Mentawai langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to the Mentawai Islands in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. The Siberut langur was formerly considered a subspecies of the Mentawai langur.
The Mentawai squirrel is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is one of 20 or so species endemic to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. There are three subspecies: C. m. melanogaster, C. m. mentawi, and C. m. atratus. This small isolated population is listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN due to habitat loss.
Daovantien’s limestone rat is a genus of Muridae rodent native to northeastern Vietnam. It was first discovered in a forested talus habitat in the Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province. It is the only known species in the genus Tonkinomys.
The Sundaic mountain leopoldamys is a species of rodent from the family Muridae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Edwards's long-tailed giant rat, and it has one synonym: Leopoldamys setiger.
Millet's leopoldamys is a species of rodent from the family Muridae. It lives in the Langbian highlands of southern Vietnam, although its distribution limits are currently unresolved. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, and though only a handful of museum specimens signify its existence, it is presumed to have a high, stable population. There are no apparent major threats to the species, and it occurs in a number of protected Vietnamese areas. Millet's leopoldamys is a large, terrestrial omnivore that prefers montane forest, but is tolerant of secondary forest.
