Mesones Group

Last updated
Mesones Group
Stratigraphic range: Wuliuan-Drumian
Type Group
Lithology
Primary Shale
Location
Region Zaragoza
Country Spain

The Mesones Group is a Cambrian geologic group in Spain. It preserves numerous soft-bodied and hard-shelled taxa such as echinoderms and trilobites. It is often stated to contain the Mansilla, Murero and Valdemiedes Formations, however just as often the Murero Formation is used to refer to the entire group, with the main lagerstätte being placed interchangeably in Mansilla, the “broader” Murero or occasionally a broader Valdemiedes. [1]

Paleobiota

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Paleobiota
GenusSpeciesHigher taxonNotesImages
Ctenoimbricata C. spinosa Echinodermata Most basal known echinoderm, completely bilateral unlike modern forms [2]
Reconstruction of Ctenoimbricata Ctenoimbricata spinosa.jpg
Reconstruction of Ctenoimbricata
Dibrachicystis D. purujoensis Rhombifera Bears unusual appendages, suggesting blastozoan and crinoid “arms” come from the same source [3]
Vizcainoia V. moncaiensis Rhombifera Formerly placed inside Eocystites [3]
Protorophus P. hispanicus Edrioasteroidea Earliest known member of Isorophidae [4]
Fossil of Protorophus Protorophus hispanicus.jpg
Fossil of Protorophus
Graciacystis G. ambigua Cincta Basal cinctan, known from over a hundred specimens of different ages [5]
Aragocystites A. belli Edrioasteroidea A relatively basal edrioasteroid, related to Cambraster [6]
Cambraster C. tastudorum Edrioasteroidea First edrioasteroid found in Spain [7]
Protocinctus P. mansillaensis Cincta Earliest known cinctan genus [1]
Protocinctus fossil Kapli et al. 2021 f05b (cropped) Protocinctus.jpg
Protocinctus fossil
Gogia G. parsleyi Eocrinoidea Oldest records of the genus from Gondwana [8]
Fossils of G. parsleyi Gogia parsleyi.jpg
Fossils of G. parsleyi
Rhopalocystis ??R. mesonesensis Eocrinoidea Unclear whether it even belongs to the genus [9]
Gyrocystis G. platessa, G. erecta, G. testudiformis, G. badulesiensis? [10] Cincta A relatively diverse cinctan
Gyrocystis fossil Gyrocystis.png
Gyrocystis fossil
Caryosyntrips C. cf. camurus [11] Panarthropoda Frontal appendages (the only part known) formerly identified as the lobopodian “Mureropodia apae” [12]
Fossil frontal appendage of C. cf. camurus (=Mureropodia apae) Pates & Daley 2017 f06.png
Fossil frontal appendage of C. cf. camurus (=Mureropodia apae)
Tuzoia T. isuelaensis [13] Hymenocarina Only known from carapaces, alongside an indeterminate euarthropod [14]
Life restoration of Tuzoia Tuzoia life restoration.jpg
Life restoration of Tuzoia
Wimanicharion W. matthewi [15] Bradoriida Also known from Sweden and Canada
Naraoia N. sp. Naraoiidae Some of the first evidence of Naraoia in Europe [16]
N. sp. fossil from Murero Naraoia sp. MPZ 2018 29.png
N. sp. fossil from Murero
Peronopsis P. ferox, P. insignis, [17] P. longinqua [18] Agnostida An incredibly common agnostid from all over the world
P. bidens fossil from Utah Peronopsis bidens.jpg
P. bidens fossil from Utah
Condylopyge C. cruzensis [18] Condylopygidae
Cephalon of C. rex from the Czech Republic Condylopyge cephalon dorsal.jpg
Cephalon of C. rex from the Czech Republic
Megagnostus M. sp Agnostida Less common than Peronopsis, makes up fewer of the enrolled specimens in Murero [17]
Bailiaspis B. tuberculata Conocoryphidae Unclear whether any Mesones specimens belong to the species [19]
B. dalmani from the Whitesands Bay Formation Bailiaspis dalmani.jpg
B. dalmani from the Whitesands Bay Formation
Bailiella B. tenucincta Conocoryphidae A blind trilobite [20]
Conocoryphe C. heberti Conocoryphidae An eyeless trilobite. [21]
C. heberti fossil from Murero Conocoryphe heberti. Murero.jpg
C. heberti fossil from Murero
Cornucoryphe C. schirmi Conocoryphidae An unusual trilobite with a horn in the middle of its head [22]
Eccaparadoxides E. pradoanusE. mediterraneus Paradoxididae Very abundant in Murero, had unique specialisations for enrolment [23] and shows unusual variability [24]
E. pradoanus fossil from Murero Eccaparadoxides pradoanus - Murero, Zaragoza - Museo Geominero.JPG
E. pradoanus fossil from Murero
Pardailhania P. hispida, P. multispinosa, P. sdzuyi Solenopleuridae Used for stratigraphy in Murero [25]
Solenopleuropsis S. marginata, S. thorali Solenopleuridae Exhibits circular enrolment alongside Pardailhania [26]
Dinesus D. truyolsi [27] Dinesidae
Alueva A. undulata Ellipsocephalidae Exhibits paedomorphosis [28]
Wronascolex ??W. sp Palaeoscolecida Formerly placed within Palaeoscolex [29]
Palaeoscolex fossil Palaeoscolex (7992675048).jpg
Palaeoscolex fossil
Marocella M. morenensis Helcionelloidea Found in other localities across the world [30]
Trematobolus T. simplex Obolidae Synonymous with the purported “bivalve” Lamellodonta [31]
Brahimorthis B. alvaroi Brahimorthidae (Orthida)Relatively underived member of the genus [32]
Nisusia N. sp [32] Kutorginata
Serpulidae indet.Unapplicable Sabellida Encrusted on shells [33]
Leptomitus L. lineatus, L. conicus [34] Protomonaxonida L. lineatus specimens may not belong to the species [35]
L. teretiusculus from the Maotianshan Shales Leptomitus teretiusculus, Chengjiang biota.jpg
L. teretiusculus from the Maotianshan Shales
Crumillospongia C. mureroensis Protomonaxonida Bears larger pores than other members of the genus [36]
C. frondosa from the Maotianshan Shales Crumillospongia frondosa, Chengjiang biota.jpg
C. frondosa from the Maotianshan Shales
Eiffelia ??E. sp Protomonaxonida Only known from six-rayed spicules [37]
E. globosa fossil from the Burgess Shale USNM PAL 200648 Eiffelia globosa.jpg
E. globosa fossil from the Burgess Shale
Chancelloria C. sp Chancelloriidae Also only known from spicules [37]
C. pentacta fossil (from the US?) Fossil sponge Chancelloria pentacta.png
C. pentacta fossil (from the US?)
Psammosphaera P. sp Astrorhizida (Foraminifera)Mainly encrusted on shells [33]

References

  1. 1 2 Rahman, Imran A; Zamora, Samuel (October 2009). "The oldest cinctan carpoid (stem-group Echinodermata), and the evolution of the water vascular system". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 157 (2): 420–432. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00517.x.
  2. ↑ Zamora, Samuel; Rahman, Imran A.; Smith, Andrew B. (6 June 2012). "Plated Cambrian Bilaterians Reveal the Earliest Stages of Echinoderm Evolution". PLOS ONE. 7 (6): e38296. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...738296Z. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038296 . PMC   3368939 . PMID   22701623.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  3. 1 2 Zamora, S.; Smith, A. B. (22 January 2012). "Cambrian stalked echinoderms show unexpected plasticity of arm construction". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1727): 293–298. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0777. PMC   3223674 . PMID   21653588.
  4. ↑ Zamora, Samuel; Smith, Andrew B. (September 2010). "The Oldest Isorophid Edrioasteroid (Echinodermata) and the Evolution of Attachment Strategies in Cambrian Edrioasteroids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3): 487–494. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0012.
  5. ↑ Zamora, Samuel; Rahman, Imran A.; Smith, Andrew B. (March 2013). "The ontogeny of cinctans (stem-group Echinodermata) as revealed by a new genus, GraciaCystis , from the middle Cambrian of Spain". Palaeontology. 56 (2): 399–410. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56..399Z. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01207.x.
  6. ↑ Zamora, Samuel (March 2013). "Morphology and phylogenetic interpretation of a new Cambrian edrioasteroid (Echinodermata) from Spain". Palaeontology. 56 (2): 421–431. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56..421Z. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01209.x.
  7. ↑ Zamora, Samuel; Liñán, Eladio; Domínguez Alonso, Patricio; Gozalo, Rodolfo; Gámez Vintaned, José A. (October 2007). "A Middle Cambrian edrioasteroid from the Murero biota (NE Spain) with Australian affinities". Annales de Paléontologie. 93 (4): 249–260. Bibcode:2007AnPal..93..249Z. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2007.09.003.
  8. ↑ Zamora, Samuel; Gozalo, Rodolfo; Linñán, Eladio (June 2009). "Middle Cambrian Gogiid Echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, Palaeoecology, and Palaeogeographic Implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (2): 253–265. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0010.
  9. ↑ Clausen, Sébastien (December 2004). "New Early Cambrian eocrinoids from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain) and their role in nonreefal benthic communities". Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 97 (3): 371–379. doi:10.1007/s00015-004-1140-7.
  10. ↑ Zamora, Samuel; áLvaro, J. Javier (November 2010). "Testing for a decline in diversity prior to extinction: Languedocian (latest mid-Cambrian) distribution of cinctans (Echinodermata) in the Iberian Chains, NE Spain: LANGUEDOCIAN CINCTANS FROM NORTH-EASTERN SPAIN". Palaeontology. 53 (6): 1349–1368. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01004.x.
  11. ↑ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C. (August 2017). "Caryosyntrips : a radiodontan from the Cambrian of Spain, USA and Canada". Papers in Palaeontology. 3 (3): 461–470. Bibcode:2017PPal....3..461P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1084.
  12. ↑ Gámez Vintaned, José Antonio; Liñán, Eladio; Yu. Zhuravlev, Andrey (2011). "A New Early Cambrian Lobopod-Bearing Animal (Murero, Spain) and the Problem of the Ecdysozoan Early Diversification". Evolutionary Biology – Concepts, Biodiversity, Macroevolution and Genome Evolution: 193–219. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20763-1_12. ISBN   978-3-642-20762-4.
  13. ↑ Izquierdo-López, Alejandro; Liñán, Eladio; Gámez Vintaned, José Antonio; Gozalo, Rodolfo (27 August 2025). "Cambrian（Stage 4-Drumian）non-trilobite arthropods from the Murero biota (Spain)". Journal of the Geological Society jgs2025-095. doi:10.1144/jgs2025-095.
  14. ↑ Pates, Stephen; Zamora, Samuel (October 2023). "Large euarthropod carapaces from a high latitude Cambrian (Drumian) deposit in Spain". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10) 230935. Bibcode:2023RSOS...1030935P. doi:10.1098/rsos.230935. PMC   10598445 . PMID   37885986.
  15. ↑ Gozalo, Rodolfo; Dies, Ma Eugenia; Chirivella, Juan B (March 2004). "New occurrence of the family Hipponicharionidae (Bradoriida, Arthropoda), in the lower and middle Cambrian of the Cadenas Ibéricas, Spain". Geobios. 37 (2): 191–197. Bibcode:2004Geobi..37..191G. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.04.001.
  16. ↑ Gozalo, Rodolfo; Dies-Álvarez, Mª Eugenia; Gámez VIintaned, José Antonio; Chirivella, Juan B.; Liñan, Eladio (31 October 2018). "Presence of Naraoia Walcott, 1912 (Nektaspida, Arthropoda) in the middle Cambrian of Europe (Murero, NE Spain)". Spanish Journal of Palaeontology. 33 (1): 83–88. doi:10.7203/sjp.33.1.13243. hdl: 10550/67733 .
  17. 1 2 Esteve, J.; Zamora, S. (19 May 2014). "Enrolled agnostids from Cambrian of Spain provide new insights about the mode of life in these forms". Bulletin of Geosciences: 283–291. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1416.
  18. 1 2 Dies, M. E.; Gozalo Gutiérrez, Rodolfo (2004). "Agnostida (Trilobita) de la Formación Valdemiedes (Leoniense: Cámbrico Medio basal) de las Cadenas Ibéricas (NE de España)". Boletín geológico y minero. 115 (4): 683–697. ISSN   0366-0176.
  19. ↑ CHIRIVELLA MARTORELL, J. B., LIÑÁN, E., DIEZ ÁLVAREZ, M. E., & GOZALO, R. 2017. Bailiaspis (Trilobita) with English affinities from the Mansilla Formation (Cambrian Series 3 of the Iberian Chains; NE Spain). [Bailiaspis (Trilobita) de afi nidad inglesa en la Formación Mansilla (Serie 3 del Cámbrico de la Cadena Ibérica; NE España)]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 32 (1), 17 - 26.
  20. ↑ Chirivella Martorell, Juan B.; Liñán, Eladio; Ahlberg, Per; Gozalo, Rodolfo (3 July 2015). "A blind trilobite with Baltic affinities from Cambrian Series 3 of the Iberian Chains, Spain, and its stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical significance". GFF. 137 (3): 175–180. Bibcode:2015GFF...137..175C. doi:10.1080/11035897.2015.1061593.
  21. ↑ Esteve, J. (2009-12-30). "Enrollamiento en Conocoryphe heberti Munier-Chalmas & Bergeron, 1889 (Cámbrico Medio, Cadena Ibérica, NE de España) y estructuras coaptativas en la familia Conocoryphidae". Estudios Geológicos. 65 (2): 167–182. doi: 10.3989/egeol.39860.061 . ISSN   1988-3250.
  22. ↑ Sdzuy, K.; Liñan, E. (November 1996). "Cornucoryphe schirmi n. gen. n. sp., an unusual conocoryphid trilobite from the Middle Cambrian of Spain". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 70 (3–4): 433–438. Bibcode:1996PalZ...70..433S. doi:10.1007/BF02988083.
  23. ↑ Esteve, Jorge; Hughes, Nigel C.; Zamora, Samuel (May 2013). "Thoracic structure and enrolment style in middle Cambrian Eccaparadoxides pradoanus presages caudalization of the derived trilobite trunk". Palaeontology. 56 (3): 589–601. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56..589E. doi:10.1111/pala.12004.
  24. ↑ Esteve, Jorge (27 June 2012). "Intraspecific variability in paradoxidid trilobites from the Purujosa trilobite assemblage (middle Cambrian, northeast Spain)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (1): 215–240. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0006.
  25. ↑ Rábano, Isabel; Gozalo Gutiérrez, Rodolfo; Garcia-Bellido, Diego (2008). Advances in trilobite research. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 99–103. ISBN   978-84-7840-759-0.
  26. ↑ Esteve, Jorge; Zamora, Samuel; Gozalo, Rodolfo; Liñán, Eladio (December 2010). "Sphaeroidal enrolment in middle Cambrian solenopleuropsine trilobites". Lethaia. 43 (4): 478–493. Bibcode:2010Letha..43..478E. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00205.x.
  27. ↑ Gozalo, Rodolfo; Liñán, Eladio; Chirivella Martorell, Juan B. (March 2011). "The first record of Dinesus (Trilobita, Dinesidae) in the Cambrian of the Mediterranean region". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 35 (1): 1–9. Bibcode:2011Alch...35....1G. doi:10.1080/03115511003793520.
  28. ↑ Clausen, Sébastien (May 2004). "Pædomorphic patterns of the Cambrian genus Alueva (Trilobita, Ellipsocephalidae) from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain)". Geobios. 37 (3): 336–345. Bibcode:2004Geobi..37..336C. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2003.02.008.
  29. ↑ García-Bellido, Diego C.; Paterson, John R.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (September 2013). "Cambrian palaeoscolecids (Cycloneuralia) from Gondwana and reappraisal of species assigned to Palaeoscolex". Gondwana Research. 24 (2): 780–795. Bibcode:2013GondR..24..780G. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.002.
  30. ↑ Collantes, Luis; Mayoral, Eduardo; Chirivella, Juan B.; Gozalo, Rodolfo (2 July 2020). "New data on Marocella (Mollusca, Helcionelloida) from the Cambrian (Series 2–Miaolingian) of the Iberian Peninsula". GFF. 142 (3): 190–205. Bibcode:2020GFF...142..190C. doi:10.1080/11035897.2020.1762722.
  31. ↑ Havlíček, Vladimír; Kříž, Jiří (1978). "Middle Cambrian Lamellodonta simplex Vogel: "Bivalve" Turned Brachiopod Trematobolus simplex (Vogel)". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (5): 972–975. ISSN   0022-3360. JSTOR   1303842.
  32. 1 2 Mergl, M.; Zamora, S. (28 September 2012). "New and revised occurrences of rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from the middle Cambrian of the Iberian Chains, NE Spain". Bulletin of Geosciences: 571–586. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1327.
  33. 1 2 Clausen, Sebastien; Álvaro, J. Javier (1 November 2002). "Encrusting strategies in a Cambrian nonreefal epibenthic community". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 173 (6): 553–559. doi:10.2113/173.6.553.
  34. ↑ García-Bellido, Diego C.; Gozalo, Rodolfo; Chirivella Martorell, Juan B.; Liñán, Eladio (March 2007). "THE DEMOSPONGE GENUS LEPTOMITUS and A NEW SPECIES FROM THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN OF SPAIN". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 467–478. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..467G. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00635.x.
  35. ↑ García-Bellido Capdevila, Diego (2003). "The demosponge Leptomitus cf. L. lineatus, first occurrence from the Middle Cambrian of Spain (Murero Formation, Western Iberian Chain)". Geologica Acta. 1 (1): 113–119. hdl:20.500.14352/59909. ISSN   1695-6133.
  36. ↑ García-Bellido, D.C.; Dies Álvarez, M.E.; Gámez Vintaned, J.A.; Gozalo, R. (30 September 2011). "First report of Crumillospongia (Demospongea) from the Cambrian of Europe (Murero biota, Spain)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 641–650. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1253. hdl: 10261/61397 .
  37. 1 2 Álvaro, J. Javier; Vennin, Emmanuelle (December 1996). "Spicules d'éponges et chancelloriidae cambriens des chaînes ibériques, NE Espagne". Revue de Micropaléontologie. 39 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:1996RvMic..39..293A. doi:10.1016/S0035-1598(96)90137-3.
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