Methyl isobutyl ketone

Last updated
Methyl isobutyl ketone
MIBK.png
Methyl isobutyl ketone 3D ball.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
4-Methylpentan-2-one
Other names
4-Methyl-2-pentanone, Isopropylacetone, Hexone, Isobutyl methyl ketone, 2-Methylpropyl methyl ketone, 4-Methyl-2-oxopentane, MIK, Isobutylmethyl ketone, MIBK, Isohexanone
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
AbbreviationsMIBK
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.228 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 203-550-1
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • SA9275000
UNII
UN number 1245
  • InChI=1S/C6H12O/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 X mark.svgN
    Key: NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/C6H12O/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3
    Key: NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYAQ
  • CC(C)CC(=O)C
Properties
C6H12O
Molar mass 100.16 g/mol
Appearancecolorless liquid
Odor pleasant [1]
Density 0.802 g/mL, liquid
Melting point −84.7 °C (−120.5 °F; 188.5 K)
Boiling point 117 to 118 °C (243 to 244 °F; 390 to 391 K)
1.91 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Vapor pressure 16 mmHg (20 °C) [1]
-70.05·10−6 cm3/mol
1.3958
Viscosity 0.58 cP at 20.0 °C
Structure
2.8 D
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg
Danger
H225, H319, H332, H335, H351
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
3
Flash point 14 °C (57 °F; 287 K)
449 °C (840 °F; 722 K)
Explosive limits 1.2–8.0% (93 °C) [1]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) [1]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 50 ppm (205 mg/m3) ST 75 ppm (300 mg/m3) [1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
500 ppm [1]
Related compounds
Related ketones
Methyl isopropyl ketone
2-Pentanone
Diisobutyl ketone
Related compounds
 2-Methylpentan-4-ol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK, 4-methylpentan-2-one) is an organic compound with the condensed chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)CH3. This ketone is a colourless liquid that is used as a solvent for gums, resins, paints, varnishes, lacquers, and nitrocellulose. [2]

Contents

Production

At laboratory scale, MIBK can be produced via a three-step process using acetone as the starting material. Self-condensation, a type of aldol reaction, produces diacetone alcohol, [3] which readily dehydrates to give 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (commonly, mesityl oxide). [4] Mesityl oxide is then hydrogenated to give MIBK. [5]

MIBK synthesis.svg

Industrially, these three steps are combined. Acetone is treated with a strongly acidic, palladium catalyst-doped cation exchange resin under medium pressure of hydrogen. [6] Several million kilograms are produced annually. [5]

Uses

MIBK tank car in Europe. Kesselwagen 2 dez-08.jpg
MIBK tank car in Europe.

MIBK is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, and certain polymers and resins. [5]

Precursor to 6PPD

Another major use is as a precursor to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (6PPD), an antiozonant used in tires. 6PPD is prepared by reductive coupling of MIBK with 4-aminodiphenylamine. [7]

Solvent and niche applications

Unlike the other common ketone solvents, acetone and MEK, MIBK has quite low solubility in water, making it useful for liquid-liquid extraction. It has a similar polarity to ethyl acetate, but greater stability towards aqueous acid and base. It can be used to extract gold, silver and other precious metals from cyanide solutions, such as those used in gold mines, to determine the levels of those dissolved metals. Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), a related lipophilic ketone, is also used for this purpose. Methyl isobutyl ketone is also used as a denaturing agent for denatured alcohol. When mixed with water or isopropyl alcohol MIBK serves as a developer for PMMA electron beam lithography resist. MIBK is used as a solvent for CS in the preparation of the CS spray used currently by American and British police forces. [8] [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ketone</span> Organic compounds of the form >C=O

In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)−. The simplest ketone is acetone, with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and in industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, and the solvent acetone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butanone</span> Chemical compound

Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or ethyl methyl ketone, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH3. This colorless liquid ketone has a sharp, sweet odor reminiscent of acetone. It is produced industrially on a large scale, but occurs in nature only in trace amounts. It is partially soluble in water, and is commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, tetrahydrofuran.

Mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents positioned symmetrically around the ring. The other two isomeric trimethylbenzenes are 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemimellitene). All three compounds have the formula C6H3(CH3)3, which is commonly abbreviated C6H3Me3. Mesitylene is a colorless liquid with sweet aromatic odor. It is a component of coal tar, which is its traditional source. It is a precursor to diverse fine chemicals. The mesityl group (Mes) is a substituent with the formula C6H2Me3 and is found in various other compounds.

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) is an organic peroxide with the formula [(CH3)(C2H5)C(O2H)]2O2. MEKP is a colorless oily liquid. It is widely used in vulcanization (crosslinking) of polymers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclohexanone</span> Chemical compound

Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This colorless oily liquid has a sweet odor reminiscent of benzaldehyde. Over time, samples of cyclohexanone assume a pale yellow color. Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water and miscible with common organic solvents. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acetone</span> Organic compound ((CH3)2CO); simplest ketone

Acetone is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is the simplest and smallest ketone. It is a colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methyl methacrylate</span> Chemical compound

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

<i>tert</i>-Butyl alcohol Chemical compound

tert-Butyl alcohol is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes represented as t-BuOH). Its isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and butan-2-ol. tert-Butyl alcohol is a colorless solid, which melts near room temperature and has a camphor-like odor. It is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mesityl oxide</span> Chemical compound

Mesityl oxide is a α,β-unsaturated ketone with the formula CH3C(O)CH=C(CH3)2. This compound is a colorless, volatile liquid with a honey-like odor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aleksandr Dianin</span> Russian chemist (1851–1918)

Aleksandr Pavlovich Dianin was a Russian Empire chemist from Saint Petersburg. He carried out studies on phenols and discovered a phenol derivative now known as bisphenol A and the accordingly named Dianin's compound. He was married to the adopted daughter of fellow chemist Alexander Borodin. In 1887, Dianin succeeded his father-in-law as chair of the Chemistry Department at the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isobutanol</span> Chemical compound

Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methylpropan-1-ol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH (sometimes represented as i-BuOH). This colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic smell is mainly used as a solvent either directly or as its esters. Its isomers are 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol, all of which are important industrially.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methacrylic acid</span> Chemical compound

Methacrylic acid, abbreviated MAA, is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOH. This colorless, viscous liquid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor. It is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents. Methacrylic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA), and to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-Ethoxyethanol</span> Chemical compound

2-Ethoxyethanol, also known by the trademark Cellosolve or ethyl cellosolve, is a solvent used widely in commercial and industrial applications. It is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid that is miscible with water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methyl vinyl ketone</span> Chemical compound

Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK, IUPAC name: butenone) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH=CH2. It is a reactive compound classified as an enone, in fact the simplest example thereof. It is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds.

Diisopropylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula (Me2CH)2NH (Me = methyl). Diisopropylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Its lithium derivative, lithium diisopropylamide, known as LDA is a widely used reagent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diacetone alcohol</span> Chemical compound

Diacetone alcohol is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA. This colorless liquid is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isophorone</span> Alpha-beta unsaturated cyclic ketone

Isophorone is an α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketone. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic peppermint-like odor, although commercial samples can appear yellowish. Used as a solvent and as a precursor to polymers, it is produced on a large scale industrially.

Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. It liberates hydrogen cyanide easily, so it is used as a source of such. For this reason, this cyanohydrin is also highly toxic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinacolborane</span> Chemical compound

Pinacolborane is the borane with the formula (CH3)4C2O2BH. Often pinacolborane is abbreviated HBpin. It features a boron hydride functional group incorporated in a five-membered C2O2B ring. Like related boron alkoxides, pinacolborane is monomeric. It is a colorless liquid. It features a reactive B-H functional group.

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compound Functional group of organic compounds

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are organic compounds with the general structure (O=CR)−Cα=Cβ-R. Such compounds include enones and enals, but also carboxylic acids and the corresponding esters and amides. In these compounds the carbonyl group is conjugated with an alkene. Unlike the case for carbonyls without a flanking alkene group, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are susceptible to attack by nucleophiles at the β-carbon. This pattern of reactivity is called vinylogous. Examples of unsaturated carbonyls are acrolein (propenal), mesityl oxide, acrylic acid, and maleic acid. Unsaturated carbonyls can be prepared in the laboratory in an aldol reaction and in the Perkin reaction.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0326". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency (September 2016). "Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone)" . Retrieved 2015-12-13.
  3. ↑ Conant, J. B.; Tuttle, N. (1921). "Diacetone Alcohol". Organic Syntheses . 1: 45. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.001.0045.
  4. ↑ Conant, J. B.; Tuttle, N. (1921). "Mesityl Oxide". Organic Syntheses . 1: 53. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.001.0053.
  5. 1 2 3 Stylianos Sifniades, Alan B. Levy, "Acetone" in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.
  6. ↑ Uhde GmbH (2005). "Uhde Technology Profile: MIBK" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  7. ↑ Hans-Wilhelm Engels et al., "Rubber, 4. Chemicals and Additives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi : 10.1002/14356007.a23_365.pub2
  8. ↑ Peter J Gray; Stark, MM; Gray, P. J; Jones, G R. N (2000). "Is CS spray dangerous? : CS is a particulate spray, not a gas" (Response to editorial). BMJ . 321 (7252): 26. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7252.46. PMC   1127688 . PMID   10939811.
  9. ↑ Roger Eardley-Pryor (2017). "A Tear Gas Tale". Science History Institute. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
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