Microhyla | |
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Microhyla achatina | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Microhylidae |
Subfamily: | Microhylinae |
Genus: | Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 |
Type species | |
Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838 | |
Species | |
Over 40, see text. |
Microhyla, commonly known as the rice frogs or narrow-mouthed frogs, is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It consists of 42 species of diminutive frogs. [1] Members of this genus are widespread from Ryukyu Is. in Japan, and throughout South-east Asia, (China, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, India and Sri Lanka). [2]
In 2021, nine species of Microhyla were moved to Nanohyla on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic differences. [1] Microhyla pulverata was found to be a junior synonym of Nanohyla marmorata based on phylogenetic evidence. [3]
According to Seshadri et al. (2016), [4] this genus can be diagnosed using the following set of criteria: Adult frogs are of small size; pupil circular; skin on dorsum smooth; lateral side of body with markings from back of eye to vent; supratympanic fold present in adults; paratoid glands are absent, fingers without webbing, finger tips may or may not be dilated; oval tongue, its margin is entire and free at the base; the diameter of eye is smaller than snout; a thin layer of skin hides the tympanum; tubercles on hand distinct; distinct oval shaped inner metatarsal tubercle and rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; webbing in feet, rudimentary.
The genus Microhyla is closely related to Glyphoglossus within the family Microhylidae. [2] [5] Members of the genus Microhyla began diversifying from the most common ancestor around 45 million years ago and this resulted in forming Metaphrynella and Microhyla. [5] However, ascertaining the phylogenetic relationship of frogs within Microhyla has been difficult as many species are not monophyletic. [6]
A 2021 study on the relationship between Microhyla and Glyphoglossus found that nine species within Microhyla actually belong to a separate lineage. They have been subsequently moved to the new genus, Nanohyla . [1]
The following species are recognised in the genus Microhyla: [2] [4] [7]
Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
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Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838 | Javan rice frog, Javan chorus frog, Javanese narrow-mouthed frog |
Microhyla aurantiventris Nguyen, Poyarkov, Nguyen, Nguyen, Tran, Gorin, Murphy, and Nguyen, 2019 | Orange-bellied narrow-mouth frog |
Microhyla beilunensis Zhang, Fei, Ye, Wang, Wang, and Jiang, 2018 | Beilun pygmy frog |
Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, 1856) | Pegu rice frog, Berdmore's narrow-mouthed frog, Burmese microhylid frog, Berdmore's chorus frog |
Microhyla borneensis Parker, 1928 | Borneo rice frog, Borneo narrow-mouthed frog, Bornean narrow-mouthed frog, Bornean chorus frog, long-snouted frog |
Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900 | Butler's rice frog, Butler's ricefrog, Butler's narrow-mouthed Toad, Butler's pigmy frog, painted chorus frog, tubercled pygmy frog, noisy frog |
Microhyla chakrapanii Pillai, 1977 | Mayabunder rice frog, Chakrapani's narrow-mouthed frog, bilateral banded frog |
Microhyla darevskii [8] | Darevsky's Narrow-Mouth Frog, Darevsky's Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog (original publication). |
Microhyla darreli Garg et al., 2018 "2019" | Darrel's chorus frog |
Microhyla eos Biju, Garg, Kamei, and Maheswaran, 2019 | Arunachal chorus frog |
Microhyla fanjingshanensis Li, Zhang, Xu, Lv, and Jiang, 2019 | Fanjing Mountain pygmy frog |
Microhyla fissipes Boulenger, 1884 | Ornamented pygmy frog, ornata microhylid frog, Malayan bullfrog, ornate narrow-mouthed frog, ornate narrowmouth frog, ornate pigmy frog, ornate chorus frog |
Microhyla fodiens Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant, and Che, 2019 | Burrowing narrow-mouth frog |
Microhyla fusca Andersson, 1942 | Brown rice frog, Dalat pigmy frog |
Microhyla gadjahmadai Atmaja, Hamidy, Arisuryanti, Matsui, and Smith, 2018 | |
Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911 | Taiwan rice frog, Heymon's ricefrog, dark-sided chorus frog, arcuate-spotted pygmy frog, Heymon's narrow-mouthed frog, Heymon's narrow-mouthed toad, burrowing microhylid frog, black-sided narrow-mouthed frog, black-flanked pigmy frog |
Microhyla irrawaddy Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant, and Che, 2019 | Irrawaddy narrowmouth frog |
Microhyla karunaratnei Fernando & Siriwardhane, 1996 | |
Microhyla kodial Kumar and Aravind, 2018 [9] | Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog |
Microhyla kuramotoi Matsui & Tominaga, 2020 | |
Microhyla laterite Seshadri et al., 2016 [4] | Laterite narrow-mouthed frog |
Microhyla maculifera Inger, 1989 | Sabah rice frog |
Microhyla malang Matsui, 2011 | |
Microhyla mantheyi Das, Yaakob, and Sukumaran, 2007 | |
Microhyla mihintalei Wijayathilaka et al., 2016 [10] | Sri Lanka red narrow-mouthed frog |
Microhyla minuta [8] | Tiny Narrow-Mouth Frog, Tiny Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog |
Microhyla mixtura Liu & Hu in Hu, Zhao, & Liu, 1966 | Chinese rice frog, mixtured pigmy frog |
Microhyla mukhlesuri Hasan et al. 2014 | |
Microhyla mymensinghensis Hasan et al. 2014 | |
Microhyla nilphamariensis Howlader et al. 2015 | |
Microhyla okinavensis Stejneger, 1901 | Okinawa rice frog |
Microhyla orientalis Matsui, Hamidy & Eto, 2013 [11] | |
Microhyla ornata (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) | Ant frog, ornate narrow-mouthed frog, ornate narrowmouth frog, ornate rice frog, ornate ricefrog, black-throated frog |
Microhyla palmipes Boulenger, 1897 | Pengalengan rice frog, palmated chorus frog, palmated narrow-mouthed frog |
Microhyla picta Schenkel, 1901 | Painted rice frog |
Microhyla pineticola [8] | Pine Narrow-Mouth Frog, Pine Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog |
Microhyla pulchra (Hallowell, 1861) | Guangdong rice frog, marbled pigmy frog, yellow-legged pigmy frog, beautiful pygmy frog, painted frog, yellow-legged narrow-mouthed frog |
Microhyla rubra (Jerdon, 1854) | Guangdong rice frog, red narrow-mouthed frog, densely spotted microhylid frog |
Microhyla sholigari Dutta & Ray, 2000 | |
Microhyla superciliaris Parker, 1928 | Batu Cave rice frog |
Microhyla taraiensis Khatiwada, 2017 | |
Microhyla zeylanica Parker & Osman-Hill, 1949 | Sri Lanka rice frog |
In central Vietnam, several new species of Microhyla have been described in the 2000s:
Several new species of Microhyla have been described since 2018.
The following phylogeny of the genus Microhyla is from Khatiwada, et al. (2017). [12] 27 species are listed, including various newly described species from South Asia. (Note: the chart below includes some species that have since been moved to Nanohyla including N. annectens and N. perparva.)
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