Middle American indigo snake

Middle American indigo snake
Drymarchon melanurus
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Drymarchon
Species:	D. melanurus
Binomial name
Drymarchon melanurus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
Subspecies
Five, see text.
Synonyms [2]
Spilotes melanurus A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854 Spilotes corais melanurus — Cope, 1893 Morenoa orizabensis Dugès, 1905 Drymarchon corais melanurus — Amaral, 1929 Drymarchon melanurus — Wüster et al., 2001

The Middle American indigo snake (Drymarchon melanurus), also known commonly as the blacktail cribo, is a species of large, nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to the Southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. In addition to the nominate subspecies, it has four other recognized subspecies, including D. m. erebennus, commonly known as the Texas indigo snake. ^[3]

Description

D. melanurus is a large species that can grow to a total length (including tail) from 1.80 m (6 ft) to over 2.40 m (8 ft). This species has predominantly olive-brown, glossy dorsal scales changing to black at the tail. The underside is a lighter olive-yellow to olive-tan color. D. melanurus has distinctive dark markings around the eyes, with a vertical dark slash just behind the jaw and a heavy diagonal dark slash on both sides of the neck. ^[4] The subspecies D. m. erebennus is predominantly solid black, though lighter-shaded variations occur.

Geographic range and habitat

The geographic range of D. melanurus extends from southern Texas southwards through the Gulf Coast of Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula, Guatemala, and Belize. On the Pacific Coast, its range extends from Sinaloa in Mexico, southward to Guatemala, as far south as Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. ^{[1] [4]} It is found at elevations from near sea level up to around 1,900 m (6,230 feet) above mean sea level. ^[1] The subspecies D. m. erebennus is found in South Texas and southwards into Mexico as far as Veracruz.

Subspecies

Five subspecies of D. melanurus are recognized: ^{[3] [2]}

• Drymarchon melanurus erebennus (Texas indigo snake) (Cope, 1860)
• D. m. melanurus (black-tailed cribo) (A.M.C. Dumeril, Bibron & A.H.A. Dumeril, 1854)
• D. m. orizabensis(Dugès, 1905)
• D. m. rubidus (Mexican West Coast indigo) H.M. Smith, 1941
• D. m. unicolor (unicolor cribo) H.M. Smith, 1941

Nota bene : A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Drymarchon .

References

1. Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, P.; Rivas, G. (2017). "Drymarchon melanurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T63774A3129309. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T63774A3129309.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
2. Species Drymarchon melanurus at The Reptile Database . www.reptile-database.org.
3. "Drymarchon melanurus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 2011-02-06.
4. Wüster, Wolfgang; José Luís Yrausquin; Abraham Mijares-Urrutia (2001). "A new species of indigo snake from north-western Venezuela (Serpentes: Colubridae: Drymarchon)" (PDF). Herpetological Journal. 11: 157–165. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-05.

Further reading

• Dugès A (1905). "Description d'un Ophidien nouveau du Mexique ( Morenoa orizabensis, g. et sp. nn.) ". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London1905 (2): 517-518. (Morenoa orizabensis, new species, pp. 517–5-8, Text-figure 77). (in French).
• Duméril A-M-C, Bibron G, Duméril A[-H-A] (1854). Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Première partie. Comprenant l'histoire des serpents non venimeux. Paris: Roret. xvi + 780 pp. (Spilotes melanurus, new species, pp. 224–225). (in French).
• Heimes, Peter (2016). Snakes of Mexico: Herpetofauna Mexicana Vol. I. Frankfurt, Germany: Chimaira. 572 pp. ISBN   978-3899731002.
• Smith HM (1941). "A review of the subspecies of the indigo snake (Drymarchon corais)". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences31: 466-481. (Drymarchon corais rubidus, new subspecies, pp. 474–476; Drymarchon corais unicolor, new subspecies, pp. 470–472).