| Monomitopus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| M. agassizii | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Ophidiiformes |
| Family: | Ophidiidae |
| Subfamily: | Neobythitinae |
| Genus: | Monomitopus Alcock, 1890 |
| Type species | |
| Sirembo nigripinnis Alcock 1889 [1] | |
Monomitopus is a genus of cusk-eels. [2] [1] They are oviparous. [3]
Analysis of stable oxygen isotope composition of otoliths has shown that Monomitopus pallidus and Monomitopus kumae undergo an ontogenetic habitat shift, spending their early life pelagically in shallower waters, before descending to the deep-sea floor where they stay for rest of their lives. [3] The larvae of these species have been reported to coil tightly and drift in the pelagic until settlement. [4] A subset of species have been found to have a bilaterally paired hole or fenestra in the skull. [5]
There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus:
Once considered a member of the genus, Selachophidium americanum J. G. Nielsen, 1971 was recently reclassified. [5]
Ophidiiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the cusk-eels, pearlfishes, viviparous brotulas, and others. Members of this order have small heads and long slender bodies. They have either smooth scales or no scales, a long dorsal fin and an anal fin that typically runs into the caudal fin. They mostly come from the tropics and subtropics, and live in both freshwater and marine habitats, including abyssal depths. They have adopted a range of feeding methods and lifestyles, including parasitism. The majority are egg-laying, but some are viviparous.
The cusk-eel family, Ophidiidae, is a group of marine bony fishes in the Ophidiiformes order. The scientific name is from the Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. True eels diverged from other ray-finned fish during the Jurassic, while cusk-eels are part of the Percomorpha clade, along with tuna, perch, seahorses and others.
Abyssobrotula galatheae is a species of cusk eel in the family Ophidiidae. It is the deepest-living fish known; one specimen, trawled from a depth of 8,370 m (27,460 ft) in the Puerto Rico Trench in 1970, holds the record for the deepest fish ever captured. Although generally recognized, some have suggested that the record-breaking individual might have been caught with a non-closing net and therefore perhaps caught shallower.
Barathronus is a genus of deep-sea fish that are placed in the family Aphyonidae or family Bythitidae (brotulas), depending on the source.
Diplacanthopoma is a genus of viviparous brotulas.
The bony-eared assfish is a bathypelagic species of cusk-eel found in tropical and sub-tropical oceans at depths of from 1,171 to 4,415 metres. It has been found as far north as Queen Charlotte Sound off British Columbia's coast. This species grows to a length of 37.5 centimetres (14.8 in) SL. The larvae are similar in overall form to the related gargoyle cusk, but have elongated 3rd, 4th, and 5th pectoral-fin rays.
Bassozetus is a genus of cusk-eels found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.
Dicrolene is a genus of cusk-eels.
Glyptophidium is a genus of cusk-eels.
Holcomycteronus is a genus of cusk-eels. It includes Holcomycteronus profundissimus, long thought to be the deepest-living fish in the world's oceans.
Luciobrotula is a genus of cusk-eels. The larvae have an ovoid body, elongate anterior dorsal-fin ray, and long trailing fleshy filament
Neobythites is a genus of cusk-eels.
Ophidion is a genus of cusk-eels.
Otophidium is a genus of cusk-eels, part of the subfamily Ophidiinae in the family Ophidiidae. They are found in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific.
Porogadus is a genus of cusk-eels.
The barbed brotula is a species of cusk-eel found in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans off of the southern coast of Africa where it is found at depths of from 200 to 980 metres. This species grows to a length of 30 centimetres (12 in) TL. This species is one of two member of its genus, the other being Selachophidium americanum. The barbed brotula has been found to have an ossified swelling of bone in the back of the skull that is connected to the pectoral girdle, vertebral column, and gas bladder via soft tissue.
Tauredophidium hextii is a species of cusk-eel found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. It occurs at depths of from 1,500 to 2,660 metres. This species grows to a length of 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in) SL. It is the only known member of its genus.
The gargoyle cusk is a species of cusk-eel from the subfamily Neobythitinae of the family Ophidiidae. This species grows to a length of 57 centimetres (22 in) TL. It is the only known member of its genus, although research suggests the species should be classified in the genus Acanthonus.
Neobythitinae is a subfamily of cusk eel from the family Ophidiidae. They are mostly fishes of deeper waters, occurring from the continental shelf down to as deep as 8,370 metres (27,460 ft) at the bottom of the Puerto Rico trench where the deepest known fish, Abyssobrotula galatheae, has been taken.
Ophidiinae is a subfamily of the cusk eel family Ophidiidae. The species in the subfamily are characterised by having their pelvic fins situated far forward on the body and supported by a forward orientated extension of the pelvic girdle, they lack barbels on the mouth and chin and they are covered in small cycloid scales arranged in horizontal or diagonal rows. Some species have a modified swim bladder and the anterior vertebrae which enables them to generate sounds. and some of these modifications are sexually dimorphic and make the fish capable of generating sound. They have two rays in each ventral fin and the caudal fin has 9 rays. Most species are benthic and occur on the continental shelf.
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