Monument to the uprising of the people of Kordun and Banija

Monument to the uprising of the people of Kordun and Banija
Croatian: Spomenik ustanku naroda Banije i Korduna
Monument at Petrova Gora in 2010. Today, it is in a much worse state, since a number of the stainless steel plates have been stolen.
Artist	Vojin Bakić
Year	1981 (1981)
Location	Petrovac, Petrova Gora, Croatia
Coordinates	45°18′58.9″N15°48′17.6″E / 45.316361°N 15.804889°E / 45.316361; 15.804889

The Monument to the Uprising of the People of Kordun and Banija (simply known as the Petrova Gora Monument) is a World War II monument built on Veliki Petrovac, the highest peak of Petrova Gora (English: Peter's Mountain), a mountain range in central Croatia. The site of the monument is shared between three municipalities: Gvozd and Topusko, in Sisak-Moslavina County and Vojnić, in Karlovac County.

The monument celebrates the uprising and resistance movement of the people of Kordun and Banija against Nazi fascism and commemorates the victims of Nazism, both civilian victims and fallen resistance fighters.

After the founding of the first partisan units in Kordun and Banija regions in the early summer of 1941, ethnic Serbs fought against Nazism and occupation. This region was also a founding site of the Main headquarters of the People's Liberation Army of Croatia, the Partisan Hospital was active during the whole war and in 1944 the 3rd session of ZAVNOH was held in Topusko. ^{[1] [2]}

The author of the monument is a renowned Croatian sculptor Vojin Bakić. Construction of the monument was completed in 1981.

Work on the monument

Construction of the monument

After finishing the Monument to the Victory of the People of Slavonia, the largest postmodern sculpture in the world at the time of its opening, Bakić won the first prize for another major project in 1970, in the second round of competition. In the first competition, the first prize had been won by Igor Toš, but his project was canceled after conflicts around the concept of building the monument. ^[1] The chairman of the board for the construction of the monument was Vladimir Bakarić. Monument construction lasted for a decade, until it was finally completed in 1981 and officially opened on 4 July 1982.

Monument description

The Monument is mostly architectural work, made of reinforced concrete and covered with slabs of stainless steel. ^[3] The interior of the monument was laid out as a museum containing a permanent display related to the National Liberation Movement in Croatia, while its surroundings were designated as a recreational complex. By adding the museum, the monument received an educational exhibition function. At the top of the monument is a point from which one can view towards Slovenia, Bosnia and Zagreb. ^[4]

Scholar Tonko Maroević notes that Bakić drew its inspiration from its sculpture sliced segments, by which he meant that it was Bakić's "step backwards", since the sculpture was his work from the mid-1970s. Already in the early 1980s Bakić felt fatigue in his work, so this is one of the reasons for seeing models in the earlier sculpture, Maroević concluded. ^[5]

Devastation after 1991

According to curator of "Petrova Gora Memorial Park" Miloš Kresojević, after 1991 and beginning of the war antifascist monuments and memorial complexes were devastated and at that time anyone could take whatever they wanted from it. The complex was also used as the military headquarters of JNA and Serbian Army of Krajina, which also led to its devastation^{[ citation needed ]}. This is visible on the walls of the complex which are full of Chetnik symbols, later replaced by Ustasha symbols and again corrected to Chetnik symbols. ^[6] Devastation of the monument continues to date as local people continue stripping the stainless steel plates off the monument. Despite protests by the Antifascist organizations, ^[7] the local and state authorities both fail to take action against the perpetrators.

In addition, "Transmitters and Communications Ltd." set up a transmitter at the top of the monument, which further undermined its appearance. ^[8]

Inside the monument

Since 2004 the curatorial collective WHW plays an important role in the revitalization and care for the monument. WHW organized two exhibitions in 2007 and 2008 (in Graz and Zagreb) which emphasized the importance of Bakić's legacy. They also initiated the action "Petrova Gora: yesterday, tomorrow, how to think Petrova Gora" in 2013. ^[1]

In popular culture

The monument appeared as the artwork of American and New Zealand rock band Unknown Mortal Orchestra's debut self-titled album.

The monument also featured on the front sleeve of British synth-pop band Emile's Telegraphic Transmission Device's second studio album "Ambivalence in Motion". The lead singer Daniel Ian Williams had taken inspiration to use it on the sleeve art after a visit to Gateshead's Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art, where it was on display during an exhibition entitled David Maljković: Sources in the Air during 15 March until 7 July in 2013.

The monument was featured in the New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition exploring the architecture of the former Yugoslavia, "Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980," ^{[9] [10]} and it is considered at length in the accompanying volume of the same name. ^[11]

The monument was used as a setting in season one of Tribes of Europa , a German sci-fi television series produced by Wiedemann & Berg Film Production. The series was released in 2021. The deteriorating state of the monument contributes to the futuristic dystopian style of the series.

See also

• Petrova Gora Memorial Park
• List of Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials in Croatia

References

1. Spomenik Vojina Bakića na Petrovoj gori oronuli kostur pred raspadom (12-29-2013), Retrieved 7 November 2014
2. "PETROVA GORA - Spomenik i Partizanska bolnica / Petrova Gora - The monument and Central partisan hospital". DGC PRODUCTION - Drone Guerilla Crew (in Croatian). 17 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
3. Dušan Matić. Vojin Bakić, moj prijatelj. "Euroknjiga", Zagreb 2007, p. 59 and 115
4. Pionirov glasnik: ovde je metak ludovao ^{[ permanent dead link ]}, Retrieved 7 November 2014
5. Tonko Maroević. Vojin Bakić. "Globus", Zagreb 1998, p. 40
6. Milena Zajović; (2012) Večernji List, Petrova gora- spomenik sramote (Petrova gora - a monument of shame)
7. Anali Galerije Antuna Augustinčića. "Antun Augustinčić" Klanjec 2006, p. 418-419
8. Boris Čučković, "Tradicija zaborava", in: Chronicles of SKD Prosveta, 2010, p. 242
9. "Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980". mo.ma/art. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
10. "Toward a Concrete Utopia: Yugoslavian architecture – in pictures". The Guardian. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
11. Stierli, Martino, 1974- (2018). Toward a concrete utopia : architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948-1980. Emerson, Stephanie,, Kulić, Vladimir,, Jeck, Valentin,, Bjažić Klarin, Tamara,, Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.). New York, N.Y. pp. iv, 106–107. ISBN   978-1-63345-051-6. OCLC   1006616990.

External links

• Spomenik Vojina Bakića na Petrovoj gori oronuli kostur pred raspadom (29 December 2013), Retrieved 7 November 2014.
• Spomenik Database - Petrova Gora Monument educational & historical resource
• Photos of the location from 2017