Morning Geyser

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Morning Geyser
FountainPaintPotsMap.JPG
Map of the Fountain Paint Pots group showing the location of Morning Geyser
Location Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Coordinates 44°33′05″N110°48′30″W / 44.5514313°N 110.8082572°W / 44.5514313; -110.8082572
Type Fountain geyser
Eruption height 75 feet (23 m) to 200 feet (61 m), and just as wide.
Frequency 5 hours to 7 days when active, long dormancies
Duration approx. 30 minutes

Morning Geyser [1] is a fountain-type geyser located in the Fountain Paint Pots area of Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When active it is the largest geyser in the Fountain Paint Pots area, but in most years it is inactive. [2]

Geyser Hot spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam

A geyser is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. As a fairly rare phenomenon, the formation of geysers is due to particular hydrogeological conditions that exist only in a few places on Earth. Generally all geyser field sites are located near active volcanic areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of magma. Generally, surface water works its way down to an average depth of around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where it contacts hot rocks. The resultant boiling of the pressurized water results in the geyser effect of hot water and steam spraying out of the geyser's surface vent.

Yellowstone National Park first national park in the world, located in the US states Wyoming, Montana and Idaho

Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular features. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion.

Contents

Eruption

Morning Geyser plays from a pool just beyond that of more frequently active Fountain Geyser, as seen from the boardwalk trail through the Fountain Paint Pots. Morning's maximum height may reach 200 feet (61 m) and just as wide, although most eruptions are smaller. Its duration is usually about 30 minutes, but durations of over one hour have been seen. Eruptions take the form of successive jets of water rather than a constant stream, many starting from a "blue bubble" resembling those observed at Fountain. Morning is sometimes observed to erupt simultaneously with Fountain, although most eruptions are independent. [2]

Fountain Geyser geyser in Yellowstone

Fountain Geyser is a geyser in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.

The first recorded eruptions of Morning Geyser were in 1899, at which time it was called "New Fountain Geyser." [2] Eruptions were rare until 1959, when the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake (just outside the park) caused significant changes in the activity in the Fountain Paint Pots group of springs. [3] Morning was comparatively active from 1991 through 1993 but then erupted only rarely until 2012. [2] Reactivation occurred in that year, and eruptions were more frequent in late 2012 and 2013, with intervals as short as 6 hours, although more typical intervals ranged from 11 hours to several days. [4] No eruptions were recorded between October 2013 and August 2018; however, the geyser has again been active in the second half of 2018. [4]

1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake

The 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake occurred on August 17 at 11:37 pm (MST) in southwestern Montana, United States. The earthquake measured 7.2 on the Moment magnitude scale, caused a huge landslide, resulted in over 28 fatalities and left US$11 million in damage. The slide blocked the flow of the Madison River, resulting in the creation of Quake Lake. Significant effects of the earthquake were also felt in nearby Idaho and Wyoming, and lesser effects as far away as Puerto Rico and Hawaii.

A less powerful geyser known as "Morning's Thief" erupts from a vent adjacent to Morning's pool. Morning's Thief has erupted frequently during the last ten years, and has been thought to rob Morning of the energy necessary for an eruption. [2] However, a simultaneous eruption of Morning and Morning's Thief was observed during the former's 2013 active cycle. [5]

Related Research Articles

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The geothermal areas of Yellowstone include several geyser basins in Yellowstone National Park as well as other geothermal features such as hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles. The number of thermal features in Yellowstone is estimated at 10,000. A study that was completed in 2011 found that a total of 1,283 geysers have erupted in Yellowstone, 465 of which are active during an average year. These are distributed among nine geyser basins, with a few geysers found in smaller thermal areas throughout the Park. The number of geysers in each geyser basin are as follows: Upper Geyser Basin (410), Midway Geyser Basin (59), Lower Geyser Basin (283), Norris Geyser Basin (193), West Thumb Geyser Basin (84), Gibbon Geyser Basin (24), Lone Star Geyser Basin (21), Shoshone Geyser Basin (107), Heart Lake Geyser Basin (69), other areas (33). Although famous large geysers like Old Faithful are part of the total, most of Yellowstone's geysers are small, erupting to only a foot or two. The hydrothermal system that supplies the geysers with hot water sits within an ancient active caldera. Many of the thermal features in Yellowstone build up sinter, geyserite, or travertine deposits around and within them.

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References

  1. ↑ "YNP Thermal Feature: Morning Geyser". YNP Research Coordination Network, Montana State University.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Bryan, T. Scott (2008). Geysers of Yellowstone, The (4th ed.). University Press of Colorado. ISBN   978-0-87081-924-7.
  3. ↑ Marler, George (1963). The Hebgen Lake, Montana, Earthquake of August 17, 1959. Government Printing Office, reprinted by the University of Michigan.
  4. 1 2 "Morning Geyser Data from geysertimes.org".
  5. ↑ "geysertimes.org report of Morning eruption, 13 June 2013".
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