| Mycetinis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Mycetinis scorodonius | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Omphalotaceae |
| Genus: | Mycetinis Earle (1909) [1] |
| Type species | |
| Mycetinis alliaceus (Jacq.) Earle (1909) | |
| Species | |
M. alliaceus Contents | |
Mycetinis is a genus of fungus in the Omphalotaceae family, containing about eight species formerly classified in Marasmius . [2]
This group of mushrooms was long known as a section (Alliacei) within the more familiar genus Marasmius , which means that each of the species has a synonym under Marasmius. They are distinguished from other Marasmius by the hymeniform cap skin which consists of smooth cells, with hyphae which do not show a dextrinoid reaction. The species have a characteristic garlic smell. [3]
DNA studies showed that the group is phylogenetically allied more to genus Gymnopus than to Marasmius, but the distinct structure of the cap skin is thought to justify a separation at the genus level. Franklin Sumner Earle had already defined the genus name Mycetinis for this group in 1909, though it had not caught on, and in 2005 Wilson & Desjardin proposed to resurrect this name and redefine it for the current taxonomy. The new phylogenetic classification also means that the group belongs to family Omphalotaceae instead of Marasmiaceae. [3] [4]
A new species, M. curraniae , was described in 2012.
| Image | Name | Notes | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Mycetinis alliaceus | Type species | Europe |
 | Mycetinis applanatipes | California | |
| Mycetinis cinnamomeus | S. Australia [5] | ||
 | Mycetinis copelandii | California [5] | |
 | Mycetinis curraniae | New Zealand [5] | |
 | (Mycetinis epidryas) | Synonym of Rhizomarasmius epidryas | Arctic (Europe, Canada & Alaska) or alpine |
 | Mycetinis kallioneus | Arctic (Greenland & Svarlbard) [5] | |
| Mycetinis olidus | N. America [5] | ||
 | Mycetinis opacus | N. America, Japan [5] | |
 | Mycetinis prasiosmus | Scandinavia and continental Europe [5] | |
| Mycetinis querceus | Europe, N. Africa | ||
 | Mycetinis salalis | N. America [5] | |
 | Mycetinis scorodonius | Also has a smaller form "forma diminutivus" found only in Washington state urban environments [5] | Mainly Europe, also N. Africa, N. America, Israel |
 | Mycetinis virgultorum | Mediterranean [3] | |
 | Mycetinis yunnanensis | Yunnan, China [5] | |
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. They range from the ubiquitous common mushroom to the deadly destroying angel and the hallucinogenic fly agaric to the bioluminescent jack-o-lantern mushroom.
Marasmius is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. It contains about 500 species of agarics, of which a few, such as Marasmius oreades, are edible. However, most members of this genus are small, unimpressive brown mushrooms. Their humble appearance contributes to their not being readily distinguishable to non-specialists, and they are therefore seldom collected by mushroom hunters. Several of the species are known to grow in the characteristic fairy ring pattern.
The Marasmiaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi which have white spores. They mostly have tough stems and the capability of shrivelling up during a dry period and later recovering. The widely consumed edible fungus Lentinula edodes, the shiitake mushroom, is a member of this family. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 54 genera and 1590 species.
Mycetinis alliaceus, commonly known as the garlic parachute, is one of the larger mushrooms formerly in the genus Marasmius, having a beige cap of up to 4 cm and a long tough slender stipe. It emanates a strong smell of garlic, and this is the significance of the Latin species name, alliaceus. It is distributed throughout Europe, being fairly common in some areas and quite rare in others.
Pholiota is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species.
The Physalacriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, ranging from the Arctic, (Rhizomarasmius), to the tropics, e.g. Gloiocephala, and from marine sites (Mycaureola) and fresh waters (Gloiocephala) to semiarid forests (Xerula).
The Inocybaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution in tropical and temperate areas.
Collybia is a genus of mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus has a widespread but rare distribution in northern temperate areas, and contains three species that grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms.
Rhizomarasmius is a genus of fungi in the family Physalacriaceae, containing about five species.
Gymnopus is a genus of fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. The genus has a widespread, cosmopolitan distribution and contains about 300 species.
Marasmiellus is a genus of fungi in the family Omphalotaceae. The widespread genus, circumscribed by American mycologist William Murrill in 1915, contains over 250 species. The name comes from the Greek marasmus meaning wasting.
Marasmius rotula is a common species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, it is commonly known variously as the pinwheel mushroom, the pinwheel marasmius, the little wheel, the collared parachute, or the horse hair fungus. The type species of the genus Marasmius, M. rotula was first described scientifically in 1772 by mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli and assigned its current name in 1838 by Elias Fries.
Setulipes was a proposed genus of fungi in the family Marasmiaceae. This group of mushrooms, described by the Czech mycologist Vladimír Antonín in 1987, has a widespread distribution in north temperate areas, and would contain about 25 species.
The Porotheleaceae are a family of saprophytic, mainly wood-decay fungi in the order Agaricales that are primarily agarics, but also include cyphelloid and polyporoid members. The family had been informally cited in the literature as the 'hydropoid' clade. The type genus, Porotheleum, was placed in the phylogenetically defined clade in 2002 but the clade was more strongly supported in 2006 but without including Porotheleum. Its sister group is the Cyphellaceae, both in the 'marasmioid clade'. Some included taxa are cultivated by ants. More recently the family was recognized two analyses that included Porotheleum.
Mycetinis opacus is a species of agaric fungus first described in 1849 by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis as Marasmius opacus. Andrew Wilson and Dennis Desjardin transferred it to Mycetinis in 2005.
Mycetinis scorodonius is one of the garlic-scented mushrooms formerly in the genus Marasmius, having a beige cap of up to 3 cm and a tough slender stipe.
Mycetinis querceus is one of the garlic-scented mushrooms formerly in the genus Marasmius. It has a reddish brown stipe, and usually grows on fallen oak leaves.
Mycetinis kallioneus is a mushroom formerly in the genus Marasmius, which grows with dwarf shrubs and flowering plants in an arctic environment where the ground is covered by snow for much of the year.
Rhizomarasmius epidryas is one of a group of mushrooms formerly in the genus Marasmius. It grows amongst dwarf shrubs of the genus Dryas in arctic or high mountain environments.