Myosotis forsteri

Myosotis forsteri
flowering branch of Myosotis forsteri
Conservation status
Not Threatened (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Boraginaceae
Genus:	Myosotis
Species:	M. forsteri
Binomial name
Myosotis forsteri Lehm. [2]

Myosotis forsteri is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Johann Georg Christian Lehmann described the species in 1818. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are fully included or sometimes partly exserted with the tips only surpassing the scales.

Taxonomy and etymology

Myosotis forsteri Lehm. is in the plant family Boraginaceae. ^[3] The species was originally described in 1818 by Johann Georg Christian Lehmann. ^{[4] [3] [2]} The most recent treatment of this species was done by Lucy B. Moore in the Flora of New Zealand. ^[4]

The original description lists "Nova Hollandia" [Australia] as the type locality however this is an error as M. forsteri is not found in Australia (and the collectors Johann Forster and Georg Forster did not collect plants there on the second voyage of James Cook); the correct type locality is Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. ^{[5] [4]} The lectotype was designated by Carlos Lehenbach and is lodged at the herbarium MEL at the herbarium of the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL 71187). ^{[6] [5]}

Myosotis forsteri is morphologically most similar to Myosotis venosa in its habit and leaves. ^[4] The two species can be distinguished based on anther exsertion: in M. forsteri the anthers are usually included inside the corolla tube, whereas in M. venosa the anthers are fully exserted. ^[4]

Phylogeny

The five individuals of M. forsteri were shown to be included in the southern hemisphere lineage of Myosotis in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions) of New Zealand Myosotis. ^[7] Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. ^{[8] [7]}

Nevertheless, all of the sampled individuals clustered together (and near M. venosa) in the nuclear ribosomal DNA network, and they clustered with samples of other North Island and northern South Island species in the chloroplast DNA network. ^[7]

Description

Myosotis forsteri plants are rosettes. The rosette leaves have long, narrow petioles that are about as long the leaf blades and easily distinguished from the leaf blades. The rosette leaves blades 15–40 mm long by 10–30 mm wide, broadly Both surfaces of the leaf are uniformly but sparsely covered in appressed straight antrorse (forward-facing) hairs. Each rosette has few to many ascending to erect, sometimes branched ebracteate inflorescences that are up to 300 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but are smaller, become smaller and sessile toward the top of the inflorescence, and are broadly ovate. The flowers are many per inflorescence, and each is borne on a short pedicel, without a bract. The calyx is 2.5–5 mm long at flowering and fruiting, lobed to one-half of its length or less, and with hairs mostly on the margins and ribs, some of which are hooked. The corolla is white, with a cylindrical tube, and small scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are included or partially exserted, with the tips only of the anthers surpassing the scales. The nutlets are c. 1.2 mm long. ^{[4] [3]}

The pollen of Myosotis forsteri is of the M. uniflora-type. ^{[9] [10]}

The chromosome number of M. forsteri is unknown.

Flowering October–April; fruiting November–May. ^{[3] [4]}

As to its breeding system, Myosotis forsteri is a self-compatible, apomictic or autonomously selfing plant. ^{[11] [12] [13]}

Distribution and habitat

Myosotisforsteri is a forget-me-not that is found in forest habitats, often near streams, seepages, or other damp, shaded places throughout the North Island and South Island of New Zealand. ^{[4] [3]}

Conservation status

Myosotis forsteri is listed as Not Threatened on the most recent assessment (2017–2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants. ^[1]

Gallery

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References

1. Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 45. OCLC   1041649797.
2. Lehmann, Johannes Georgius Christianus (1818). Plantae e familia Asperifoliarum nuciferae (in Latin). Harvard University. Berolini : [publisher not identified]. p. 95.
3. "Myosotis forsteri". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
4. Moore, L.B. "Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
5. Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 January 2012). "Lectotypification of three species of forget-me-nots (Myosotis: Boraginaceae) from Australasia". Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 23: 17–28.
6. "Lectotype of Myosotis forsteri on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
7. Meudt, Heidi; Prebble, Jessica; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (7 November 2014). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. doi:10.1007/S00606-014-1166-X.
8. Richard Winkworth; Jürke Grau; Alastair William Robertson; Peter Lockhart (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755. Wikidata   Q30707919.
9. "Myosotis forsteri pollen | Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
10. Meudt, Heidi (27 September 2016). "Pollen morphology and its taxonomic utility in the Southern Hemisphere bracteate-prostrate forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 54 (4): 475–497. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2016.1229343.
11. Robertson, Alastair William; Lloyd, David G. (1 January 1991). "Herkogamy, dichogamy and self-pollination in six species of Myosotis (Boraginaceae)". 5 (1): 53–63.
12. Newstrom, Linda; Robertson, Alastair William (1 January 2005). "Progress in understanding pollination systems in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 43 (1): 1–59. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512943.
13. "Breeding systems and rarity in New Zealand Myosotis". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

External links

• Myosotis forsteri occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium