Myoxocephalus scorpioides | |
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Juvenile Myoxocephalus scorpioides | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
Family: | Cottidae |
Genus: | Myoxocephalus |
Species: | M. scorpioides |
Binomial name | |
Myoxocephalus scorpioides (O. Fabricius, 1780) [1] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
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Myoxocephalus scorpioides, the Arctic sculpin or northern sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This fish is found in the Arctic Ocean.
Myoxocephalus scorpioides was first formally described in 1780 as Cottus scoprpioides by the Danish missionary and naturalist Otto Fabricius with its type locality given as Western Greenland. [3] The specific name scorpioides was not explained by Fabricius but most likely alludes to the similarity to Myoxocephalus scorpius . [4]
Myoxocephalus scorpioides has dorsal fins which are supported by 8 or 9 spines and between 14 and 17 soft rays while the anal fin has between 11 and 13 soft rays. [2] The head and body are slightly compressed, but widest towards the head with tentacles on the parts of head behind the eyes. [5] There are 3 spines on the preoperculum, [6] the middle spine being half the length of the top spine. This top spine does not extend to the margin of the operculum and so is comparatively short when compared with most congeners. [7] The caudal peduncle is long and slender [5] and the caudal fin is rounded. [2] The body above the lateral line has scattered plates with many small spines and elevated centres with a few small scattered plates underneath the lateral line. The lateral line has its pores arranged in 3 rows. [7] The overall colour is dark olive to blackish-brown marked with darker mottles or bands. The males have the pectoral fins marked with distinct white spots, while in females they have dark bands. The males also have dark-margined white or silvery spots below the pectoral fins and over the anal fin, dark spots on the breast, lower lip, and have a reddish-orange belly, which is broken by a wide white stripe extending from the pelvic fins to the anal fin. [6] This species attains a maximum published total length of 22 cm (8.7 in). [2]
Myoxocephalus scorpioides is found in the Arctic Ocean from the East Siberian Sea east through the Arctic Ocean of North America as far as Western Greenland south to Hudson Bay and James Bay, the Strait of Belle Isle and the Gulf of St Lawrence. It is also found in the Bering Sea coasts south to Bristol Bay and the Gulf of Anadyr. [7] It is afound in shallow intertidal waters, [6] down to 25 m (82 ft), rartely 40 m (130 ft), typically on rocky substrates among Fucus seaweeds. Juveniles are frequently recorded near the discharges of freshwater streams in the intertidal zone. [7]
Myoxocephalus scorpioides is a predator of benthic crustaceans. Spawning takes place in the autumn and the eggs, which have a diameter of 1.3 mm (0.051 in), are demersal. This species has the ability to synthesize antifreeze proteins, allowing it to withstand temperatures as low as −2 °C (28 °F). [6] It serves as the host for Haemobaphes cyclopterina , a parasitic species of copepod. [8]
The snubnose sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This fish is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The Pacific staghorn sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Lepidocottus.
Myoxocephalus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are found in the northern Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, with a few species in lakes.
Clinocottus globiceps, the mosshead sculpin or globe-headed sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the northeastern Pacific.
Clinocottus acuticeps, the sharpnose sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The roughback sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The roughback sculpin is the only known member of the genus Chitonotus.
The hairhead sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Trichocottus.
Blepsias cirrhosus, the silverspotted sculpin, is a species of sculpin belonging to the subfamily Hemitripterinae of the family Agonidae. This species is found the northern Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan and Alaska to San Miguel Island off southern California.
Enophrys bison, the buffalo sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The longhorn sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins.This species is found in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. It is a predatory and scavenging fish that can feed on the remains of other organisms.
Myoxocephalus aenaeus, commonly known as the grubby, or little sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.
Myoxocephalus jaok, the plain sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the northern Pacific Ocean and adjacent Arctic Ocean.
Artedius corallinus, the coralline sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern North Pacific along the coasts of the western United States and Baja California.
The rosy sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It inhabits the coastal northeastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from California (US) to Baja California.
Triglops murrayi, the moustache sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This fish is found in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Artediellus atlanticus, the Atlantic hookear sculpin or hookhorn sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae. This species is found along the coasts of Northern Atlantic Ocean.
Icelinus borealis, or the northern sculpin or comb sculpin, is a species of fish in the family Cottidae. It can be found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean along the western coast of North America.
The Arctic shanny is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. This species occurs in the North Pacific, Arctic and western North Atlantic Oceans.
The hamecon is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae. This species is found along the coasts of northeastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean.
The Arctic staghorn sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the Arctic Ocean and the northern Atlantic Ocean.