NOAAS John N. Cobb

NOAAS *John N. Cobb*
	NOAAS John N. Cobb (R 552) on 27 April 2004.
History
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Name	US FWS John N. Cobb
Namesake	John N. Cobb (1868-1930), American fisheries researcher and first dean of the University of Washington College of Fisheries
Builder	Western Boatbuilding Company, Tacoma, Washington
Launched	16 January 1950
Commissioned	18 February 1950
Identification	FWS 1601
Fate	Transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3 October 1970
Notes	Operated by Fish and Wildlife Service's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 1956-1970
United States
Name	NOAAS John N. Cobb
Namesake	Previous name retained
Acquired	Transferred from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3 October 1970
Decommissioned	13 August 2008
Homeport	Seattle, Washington
Identification	IMO number: 7738436 ; R 552;
Fate	Donated to Seattle Maritime Academy 2008; Preserved 2009; Sold to private owner 2015; Abandoned and seized 2016; Sold to private owner 2017;
Status	Extant as commercial fishing vessel 2018
General characteristics
Type	Fisheries research ship
Tonnage	185 gross register tons (GRT); 78 net register tons (NRT);
Displacement	250 tons (full load)
Length	93 ft (28 m)
Beam	26 ft (7.9 m)
Draft	10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
Installed power	325 bhp (242 kW)
Propulsion	Fairbanks-Morse diesel engine, 1 shaft, 25 tons fuel
Speed	9.3 knots (17.2 km/h; 10.7 mph) (sustained)
Range	2,900 nmi (5,400 km; 3,300 mi) at 9.3 knots (17 km/h; 11 mph)
Endurance	13 days
Boats & landing ; craft carried	1 × fiberglass utility boat
Complement	10 (2 NOAA Corps officers, 2 licensed engineers, and 4 other crew members) plus up to 4 scientists
Notes	60 kilowatts electrical power
	John N. Cobb (fisheries research vessel)
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
NRHP reference No.	09000047
Added to NRHP	February 11, 2009

Last updated October 12, 2023

NOAA Ship John N. Cobb (R 552) was a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research vessel in commission from 1970 to 2008. She was named for John Nathan Cobb and was the oldest commissioned ship in the NOAA fleet when she was decommissioned, having previously served in the United States Department of the Interior′s Fish and Wildlife Service from 1950 to 1956 and in the United States Fish and Wildlife Service′s Bureau of Commercial Fisheries from 1956 to 1970 as US FWS John N. Cobb (FWS 1601).

Construction and commissioning

W. C. Nickum and Sons designed John N. Cobb based on a West Coast purse-seiner design.^[1] The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) funded her construction using US$150,000 ifrom the sale of the FWS fisheries research vessel Washington, and the Western Boatbuilding Company constructed her in Tacoma, Washington. She was launched on 16 January 1950 and commissioned as US FWS John N. Cobb (FWS 1601) on 18 February 1950.^[1]

Technical characteristics

John N. Cobb had a wooden hull. As originally constructed, she was designed for exploratory fishing cruises and fishing gear research and development, with trawling, longlining, gillnetting, and oceanographic sampling capabilities.^[1] When commissioned in 1950, she had then-modern navigational equipment, including radar, a LORAN navigation system, depth finders, and an electro-mechanical steering system.^[1]

John N. Cobb had a total of 13 bunks, and her mess room could serve eight personnel at a time. During her NOAA service, she carried a complement of two NOAA Corps officers, two licensed engineers, and four other crew members, and could accommodate up to four scientists.

Her deck equipment featured three winches and one boom crane. This equipment gave John N. Cobb a lifting capacity of up to 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg) as well as 7,200 feet (2,200 m) of cable that could pull up to 14,000 pounds (6,400 kg).

During her NOAA years, in support of her primary mission of fishery and living marine resource research for the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) division of NOAA, John N. Cobb was equipped with a shallow-water echo sounder, fishfinder, forward-looking sonar, and net sonde. She had a single laboratory of 150 square feet (14 m²). She carried a 17-foot (5.2 m) fiberglass boat for utility and rescue purposes. She could conduct bottom trawls down to depths of over 300 fathoms (1,800 ft; 550 m).

Operational history

Fish and Wildlife Service

Assigned Seattle, Washington, as her home port, John N. Cobb made her first cruise in March and April 1950, operating off Alaska in search of commercially useful populations of shellfish, especially shrimp.^[1] From June to September 1950, she operated in the Pacific Ocean off Alaska, Oregon, and Washington looking for commercially exploitable albacore populations. In August 1950, her crew discovered a seamount rising 9,600 feet (2,926 m) from the sea bottom to 132 feet (40.2 m) below the sea's surface 270 nautical miles (500 km; 310 mi) off the coast of Washington;^[1] the seamount later was named Cobb Seamount.^[1]

In 1953, John N. Cobb cruised off the Aleutian Islands, conducting a preliminary search for salmon populations and developing fishing techniques that would allow the successful use of gill nets in the open ocean.^[1] Later in 1953, she explored Prince William Sound off Alaska to assess the availability of herring there.^[1] In 1955, she tagged petrale sole in the Esteban Deep – a submarine canyon – in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.^[1] That spring, working in conjunction with chartered halibut schooners, she began the first survey of salmon populations in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, and by the time she wrapped up this work in 1961, the general distribution of salmon in the North Pacific and Bering Sea was understood.^[1] Meanwhile, the Fish and Wildlife Service was renamed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and reorganized in 1956, creating a new Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF), and John N. Cobb became a part of the BCF fleet.^[1]

In 1959, John N. Cobb was supporting the USFWS's Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research (EF&GR) element in 1959 when it fielded its first scuba diving team,^[1] which operated from her. In August 1959, she took part in the Chariot Project with the United States Atomic Energy Commission to assess the feasibility of using nuclear explosives to excavate harbors or canals off the northwest coast of Alaska, but the project never came to fruition.^[1] Of her first 41 cruises in the 1950s, she focused on experimental fishing methods and equipment in 11, engaged in midwater trawling in seven, conducted bottom and shrimp trawling in two, and tested a fish pump device in two.

In 1960, John N. Cobb experimented with the use of a high-resolution echo sounder to locate dragging areas off Washington that contained commercial quantities of fish. In 1961, she worked with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to study deep-water marine resources off Washington and Oregon. In 1963, she joined the BCF ship George B. Kelez in experimental trawling for salmon off Alaska.^[1]

NOAA

On 3 October 1970, a reorganization occurred which created NOAA under the United States Department of Commerce. Under the reorganization, the BCF came under the control of the new National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS, an element of NOAA, and via a phased process during 1972 and 1973 the ships of the NMFS and of another element of NOAA, the National Ocean Survey – successor to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, which was abolished upon the 1970 creation of NOAA – were brought together to form a consolidated NOAA fleet. John N. Cobb became a part of the new NOAA fleet via this process and was redesignated NOAAS John N. Cobb (R 552).^[1] With her home port at NOAA's Marine Operations Center-Pacific (MOC-P) in Seattle and operated by NOAA's Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, John N. Cobb conducted research off southeastern Alaska and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. She supported research of the NMFS Auke Bay Laboratory in Juneau, Alaska, collecting fish and crustacean specimens using trawls and benthic longlines; and fish larvae, fish eggs, and plankton using plankton nets and surface and mid-water larval nets. Scientists from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle also conducted surveys of whales and porpoises – including cetacean ecology and humpback whale prey investigations – and of seals, and studied harbor seal ecology near tidewater glaciers while aboard John N. Cobb. She also took part in coral and sponge benthic habitat studies, the mapping of near-shore estuary habitats, sablefish tagging and telemetry studies, assessments of juvenile rockfish habitats, and oceanographic sampling and long-term coastal monitoring, and she provided support to remote field camps and the Little Port Walter Marine Station in Port Walter, Alaska.^[1]

In the early 1980s John N. Cobb collaborated with other research vessels in a research project using small mesh purse seines to sample juvenile salmon off the coasts of Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington.^[1] In the immediate aftermath of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound on 29 March 1989, John N. Cobb, which was in an inactive status at the time, quickly returned to active duty and played an important role in post-spill research on the effects of the spill on the environment. In subsequent years, she supported numerous studies of the lasting ecological effects of the spill on Prince William Sound.^[1]

In the mid-1990s, John N. Cobb came to the assistance of the purse-seiner Karen Rae, which was in distress in Icy Strait ^[1] in the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska.^[1]

As fisheries science renewed its focus on the marine ecology of juvenile salmon and other epipelagic fishes, John N. Cobb helped to pioneer the use of surface rope trawls from 1997 to 2007.^[1] This led to the creation of the Southeast Coastal Monitoring Project and allowed the development of an understanding of the biophysical factors affecting fluctuations from year to year in salmon populations.^[1]

John N. Cobb's 50th anniversary in the fleets of NOAA and its predecessors was celebrated in 2000. On 10 May 2004, she rendered assistance to the Alaska Marine Highway System ferry LeConte, which had run aground that morning in Peril Strait near Cozian Reef, about 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) north of Sitka, Alaska.^[1]^[2] She joined other vessels in rescuing LeConte's 86 passengers from life rafts, picking up most of them herself.^[2]

NOAA's plans called for John N. Cobb to remain active until August 2008, but the main crankshaft in her original 1931 Fairbanks-Morse locomotive engine broke in June 2008, rendering her inoperable. Repairs were estimated to cost $245,000 and take four to six months to complete, so NOAA decided to bring her long career to an end. She was decommissioned on 13 August 2008 at the Sand Point facility in Seattle, and was the oldest NOAA ship at the time of her decommissioning.

Later career

After decommissioning John N. Cobb, NOAA donated her to the Seattle Maritime Academy, a branch of Seattle Central Community College,^[3] and she was moved to Salmon Bay in Seattle. She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 11 February 2009,^[4] but the Academy never repaired her broken crankshaft,^[3] and she remained moored in Salmon Bay under the Ballard Bridge for about seven years.^[5] In 2015, the Academy sold her to Daniel J. Webb,^[3] who moved her to Port Townsend, Washington, in February 2016 to repair her crankshaft.^[3] However, John N. Cobb by then was waterlogged and too heavy for the port's equipment to haul out of the water.^[3] Unable to pay her mooring fees or for her repairs, Webb abandoned her at Port Townsend.^[6]^[7] A legal dispute over payment of mooring fees and for repairs to the vessel broke out during 2016 between the Port of Port Townsend and the State of Washington, which represented the Seattle Maritime Academy; the port claimed that the Academy had violated the law by selling an unseaworthy vessel to an owner who could not afford to repair her, while the state countered that the law exempted unregistered vessels used primarily for government purposes, that the Academy had never registered John N. Cobb and therefore was not bound by the law, that the Academy was free to surplus the vessel in any way it saw fit consistent with the wishes of her donor, and that any matter of financial restitution to the port was matter between the port and Webb.^[3]^[7]

Meanwhile, the Port of Port Townsend sought and gained custody of John N. Cobb because of her overdue mooring fees, pumped the water out of her, and hauled her out of the water in October 2016 for an inspection, estimating her to be worth US$300,000 once repaired but requiring US$250,000 in repairs, and estimating her scrap value as US$50,000.^[3] Hoping to find a buyer who would preserve her but willing to sell her to a scrapyard if no other buyer came forward, the port then put her up for sale.^[3] On 26 April 2017, Ron Sloan purchased John N. Cobb, and he contracted with the fishing vessel Sunnford to tow her from Seattle to Winchester Bay, Oregon, where she arrived on 18 August 2017.^[5] As of 2017, John N. Cobb was undergoing repair^[5] for commercial use in tuna fishing and for charter for fisheries research and other activities during the off-season.^[8]

Notes

↑ Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991, p. 917, claims her complement was 8 (4 civilian officers and 4 other crew members) plus up to 4 scientists.

Citations

Related Research Articles

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior dedicated to the management of fish, wildlife, and natural habitats. The mission of the agency is "working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people."

The United States Fish Commission, formally known as the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, was an agency of the United States government created in 1871 to investigate, promote, and preserve the fisheries of the United States. In 1903, it was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries, sometimes referred to as the United States Fisheries Service, which operated until 1940. In 1940, the Bureau of Fisheries was abolished when its personnel and facilities became part of the newly created Fish and Wildlife Service, under the United States Department of the Interior.

As with other countries, the 200 nautical miles (370 km) exclusive economic zone (EEZ) off the coast of the United States gives its fishing industry special fishing rights. It covers 11.4 million square kilometres, which is the second largest zone in the world, exceeding the land area of the United States.

USS Raeo (SP-588) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919. Prior to her U.S. Navy service, she operated as the motor passenger vessel Raeo from 1908 to 1917. After the conclusion of her U.S. Navy career, she served as the fishery patrol vessel USFS Kittiwake in the United States Bureau of Fisheries fleet from 1919 to 1940 and as US FWS Kittiwake in the Fish and Wildlife Service fleet from 1940 to 1942 and from 1944 to at least 1945, and perhaps as late as 1948. During World War II, she again served in the U.S. Navy, this time as the yard patrol boat USS YP-199. She was the civilian fishing vessel Raeo from 1948 to 1957, then operated in various roles as Harbor Queen from 1957 to 1997. She became Entiat Princess in 1998 and as of 2009 was still in service.

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References

"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form / RV John N. Cobb" (pdf). 12 November 2008. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
"Accompanying Photos" (pdf). 12 November 2008. Retrieved 2012-09-03.

External links

"Information about the John N. Cobb's Fairbanks-Morse Diesel Engine". Old Tacoma Marine Inc. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
Prézelin, Bernard, and A. D. Baker III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Armament. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute, 1990. ISBN 0-87021-250-8.

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[1] Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991, p. 917, claims her complement was 8 (4 civilian officers and 4 other crew members) plus up to 4 scientists.

[afscjohncobb-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 noaa.gov AFSC Historical Corner: John N. Cobb, Establishing a Rich Legacy nRetrieved August 25, 2018

[cobbleconte-3] 1 2 Anonymous, "M/V LeConte Runs Aground, All Passengers Safe," sitnews.us, May 10, 2004 Retrieved August 25, 2018

[bermant20161207-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bermant, Charlie, "Port battles state over derelict boat," pteader.com, December 7, 2016 Retrieved August 25, 2018

[5] "Weekly List". February 20, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20.

[hitz20171228-6] 1 2 3 Hitz, Charles R., "Cobb 2017 – A Good Year," carmelfinley.wordpress.com, December 28, 2017 Retrieved August 25, 2018

[7] Twietmeyer, Nick, "Man has left abandoned boats and ruined finances in his wake," kitsapdailynews.com, February 26, 2018 9:25 a.m., Retrieved August 25, 2018

[twietmeyer20180406-8] 1 2 Twietmeyer, Nick, "Poulsbo bids farewell to derelict tugboat," kitsapdailynews.com, April 6, 2018 3:51 p.m., Retrieved August 25, 2018

[9] Finley, Carmel, "The John N. Cobb to go for tuna!," carmelfinley.wordpress.com, August 24, 2017 Retrieved August 26, 2018

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