The locomotives, with wheel arrangement 1'E (2-10-0), were built between 1943 and 1945 by the North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow for the British War Department to transport goods to the British Army during the war against Nazi Germany in mainland Western Europe. Their low axle load of 13.7 tons made them very suitable for running on makeshift or repaired railway lines.
A number of locomotives were used in areas south of the Netherlands during the British occupation. Around October 1945, the engines were taken out of service and put into storage.
In order to get railway traffic going after the German surrender in May 1945, the class was used in place of native Dutch engines that were destroyed or damaged during the war. At the beginning of 1946, it was decided that the NS would hire about sixty locomotives as NS 5001-5060 for pulling freight trains. Later this number was supplemented with an additional 43 locomotives, thus the NS 5001-5103 series was created.
The NS soon lowered the steam pressure from 15.8kg/cm² (225 psi) to 12kg/cm² (170 psi) and made the chimneys longer to clear the smoke from the driver's view. These locomotives were withdrawn from service between 1948 and 1952.
The 1,000th British-built locomotive shipped to continental Europe was commemorated. This locomotive, with the name "Longmoor" has been preserved in the Dutch Railway Museum in Utrecht and has been brought back in the War Department condition with the number WD 73755.[1][2]
Background
The NS 5000 1'E (WD 2-10-0) was based on the NS 4300 1'D (WD 2-8-0), and was designed to have interchangeable parts by Robert Riddles. It had the same power output as the 1'D but a lighter axle load, making it suitable for secondary lines.[3]
Design
The class had a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox. While the 1'D (2-8-0) had a narrow firebox, the 1'E (2-10-0) had a wide firebox placed above the driving wheels. This arrangement was common in the United States (e.g. the USRA D (0-8-0)) but unusual in Britain, where wide fireboxes were usually used only where there was a trailing bogie, e.g. in 2'B1' (4-4-2) and 2'C1' (4-6-2) types. These were the first 1'E (2-10-0) locomotives to work in Great Britain, and the first major class of ten-coupled engines — they had been preceded by two E (0-10-0) locomotives; the Great Eastern Railway's Decapod and the Midland Railway's Lickey Banker. The 1'E (2-10-0) wheel arrangement was later used by Robert Riddles when he designed the BR Standard Class 9F. This, too, had a wide firebox placed above the driving wheels.
Construction
Two batches were built by the North British Locomotive Company, the first batch of 100 introduced in 1943/1944 and the second batch of 50 in 1945. Their WD Nos were 3650–3749 (later 73650–73749), and 73750–73799.
Twenty of the first batch were sent to the Middle East. During running-in they worked in Britain, but their length made them unsuitable for some lines. Most saw service with the British Army in France after D-Day.
The War Department (WD) "Austerity" 2-10-0 is a type of heavy freight steam locomotive that was introduced during the Second World War in 1943.
War Department (WD) Austerity 2-10-0 No. 73755 Longmoor is a preserved steam locomotive.
De Arend was one of the two first steam locomotives in the Netherlands. It was a 2-2-2 Patentee type built in England by R. B. Longridge and Company of Bedlington, Northumberland to run on the then standard Dutch track gauge of 1,945 mm. On 20 September 1839, together with the Snelheid, it hauled the first train of the Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij between Amsterdam and Haarlem. It was withdrawn in 1857.
The NS 1600 was a series of steam engines of the Dutch national railways, Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), and its predecessors Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS), Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM) and Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (NRS).
The HSM 190 - 193 were a class of four 1'B steam locomotives build by Borsig for the Hollandsche Spoorweg Maatschappij in 1888. The locomotives were named as was typical for the HSM. These were of the same type as locomotives of the series 184-189 with the exception that these locomotives were compounds. Compounding was introduced in an effort to improve efficiency.
The NS 3700 class was a class of express steam locomotives with the wheel arrangement of 2'C (4-6-0) of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) and its predecessor Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS).
The NS 3400 was a series of goods steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS), ordered by its predecessor the Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM).
The NS 8500 was a series of tank engines with the C (0-6-0) wheel layout of the Dutch Railways (NS) and its predecessor Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS). They were manufactured by Hohenzollern and Henschel & Sohn.
The NS 3300 was a series of goods steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS) and its predecessor Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM).
The NS 5000 was a series of tank engines of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) and its predecessor Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS).
The NS 4300 was a series of steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS), taken over from the British War Department.
The NS 1300 was a series of steam locomotives of Nederlandse Spoorwegen and its predecessors Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS) and Noord-Brabantsch-Duitsche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NBDS).
The NS 600 was a series of steam locomotives of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) and its predecessor Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS).
The NS 700 was a series of steam locomotives of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) and its predecessors Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS) and Noord-Brabantsch-Duitsche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NBDS).
The NS 1700 was a series of express steam locomotives of Nederlandse Spoorwegen and its predecessor Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS).
The NS 3500 was a series of steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS), which were acquired second-hand from the Swiss railways SBB.
The NS 3900 was a series of express steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways. The NS 3900 was the last express steam locomotive specifically designed for the Netherlands. The NS 4000 series was ordered in Sweden during the war, however this series was based on an existing Swedish design.
The NS 3600 was a series of express steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS) and its predecessors Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS) and Nederlandsche Centraal-Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NCS).
The NS 4000 was a series of express steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways from 1945 to 1956.
The NS 1900 was a series of express train steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS) and its predecessor Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM).
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