Names of European cities in different languages (A)

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The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[ citation needed ] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev. [1]

English nameOther names or former names
Flag of Denmark.svg Aabenraa Aabenraa or Åbenrå (Danish*), Āběnlā – 阿本拉 (Mandarin Chinese), Abenra (Kabyle *), Åbenrå (Norwegian*), Åbenrå (Swedish*), AbenraАбенра (Macedonian), Affenråe or Affenrå (South Jutlandic), Àoběnluó – 奥本罗 (Simplified Chinese*), Àoběnluó – 奧本羅 (Traditional Chinese), Appenrade (French*), Ōbenrō – オーベンロー (Japanese*), Oben-ro – 오벤로 (Korean*), Obenro (Lithuanian*), Obenro (Azerbaijani*), ObenroОбенро (Serbian*), ObenróОбенро́ (Ukrainian*), Apenrade (German)
Flag of Germany.svg Aachen Aachen (Alemannisch *, Bavarian *, Bosnian *, Breton *, Croatian*, Danish*, Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Icelandic*, Ido *, Indonesian*, Interlingue *, Irish*, Kurmanji Kurdish *, Norwegian Bokmål *, Norwegian Nynorsk *, Northern Frisian *, Quechua *, Romanian*, Saterland Frisian *, Scots *, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbo-Croatian *, Silesian *, Slovak*, Slovene*, Swedish*, Turkish*, Upper Sorbian *, Volapük *, Welsh*, Zaza *), AhenАхен (Chechen *, Macedonian*, Serbian*, Tatar *, Kazakh*), Oche or Óche (Aachen dialect *, Ripuarian, Colognian *), Achen (Kashubian *), Aken (Dutch*, Low German *, West Frisian *, Zeelandic *), Cáchy (Czech*, old Slovak*), Aix-la-Chapelle (traditional English, French*), Āḵan – آخن (Arabic*, Persian*), Aquisgrana (Corsican*, Italian*, Lombard*, Sicilian *), Akhen – Ախեն or Aakhen – Աախեն (Armenian), Aaxen (Azerbaijani*), Akisgran (Basque*), ÁchienА́хен (Belarusian*), ÀhenА̀хен (Bulgarian*), Aquisgrà (Catalan*), Āhēn – 阿很 or Yàchēn – 亞琛 / 亚琛 (Chinese*), Akeno or Aĥeno (Esperanto *), Aakheni – აახენი (Georgian*), ÁachenΆαχεν (Greek*), AkyísgranonΑκυίσγρανον (Greek Katharevousa), Oakens (Gronings), Aachen – אאכן (Hebrew*), Aachen or Aquisgrano (Interlingua *), Āhen – アーヘン (Japanese*), Ahen – 아헨 (Korean*), Aquæ Granni,Aquisgrana, Aquis Granum, Aquisgranum or Urbs Aquensis (Latin*), Āhene (Latvian*), Achenas (Lithuanian*), Aoke (Limburgish *), Oochen (Luxembourgish*), Aquisgran, Aisgran or Ais d'Alemanha (Occitan *), Takn (Old Norse), А́henА́хен (Ossetic *), Akwizgran (Polish*), Aquisgrano or Aquisgrão (Portuguese*), ÁhenА́хен (Russian*), Aquisgrán (Aragonese *, Asturian *, Galician *, Spanish*), `ākhen – อาเค่น (Thai*), AáhenАа́хен (Ukrainian*), Åxhe (Walloon *)
Flag of Denmark.svg Aalborg Aalborg (Danish*, German, Dutch, Norwegian*, Spanish), Álaborg (Icelandic*), AlborgАлборг (Serbian*), OlborОлбор (Bulgarian*), Ålborg (Swedish*), Oalbörg (Gronings), Olborga (Latvian*), Olborgas (Lithuanian*), Ōrubō – オールボー (Japanese*), Olboreu – 올보르 (Korean*), Àobǎo – 奥堡 (Mandarin)
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Aalst Aals (Limburgish*), Aalst (Dutch*, German, English), Alost (French*, Spanish), AlóstiΑλόστη (Greek), AlstАлст (Macedonian, Serbian), Alstas (Lithuanian) Oilsjt (South Brabantian, used during Carnival*), Àosītè – 奥斯特 (Mandarin), Oalst (West Flemish)
Flag of Denmark.svg Aarhus Aarhaus or Arenhusen (former German*), Aarhus (Danish*, Dutch*, Hungarian*, Norwegian*), Àoěrhúsī – 奥尔胡斯/奧爾胡斯 (Chinese*), Århus (alternative Danish, Finnish*, German*, Swedish*), Árósar (Icelandic*), Oarhoes (Gronings), Ōfusu – オーフス (Japanese*), ÓrchousΏρχους (Greek), Oreuhuseu / Orŭhusŭ – 오르후스 (Korean*), Orhus (Lithuanian*, Turkish), OrhusОрхус (Bulgarian*, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian*), Orhūsa (Latvian*), Aros or Aarhusium (Latin*)
Flag of France.svg Abbeville Abavila (archaic Portuguese), Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French*, Dutch*, German, Romanian*), AbevilАбевил (Serbian*), Abvil'Абвиль (Russian*), AbvilАбвил (Macedonian), Abvil (Turkish), Advile (Picard*), Ābócūn – 阿伯村 (Mandarin), Abbekerke (West Flemish*)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Flag of Scotland.svg Aberdeen Aberdea, Aberdona, Aberdonia *, Aberdonium, Aberdonum, Abredonia, Devana, Devanha or Verniconam (Latin*), AberdinАбердин (Russian*, Macedonian*, Serbian*), Aberdin (Turkish), Ābódīng – 阿伯丁 or Yàbódīng – 亚伯丁/亞伯丁 (Chinese*), Abadīn – アバディーン (Japanese*), Aiberdeen (Scots*), Obar Deathain (Irish), Obar Dheathain (Scottish Gaelic*)
Flag of Romania.svg Adjud Adjud (Romanian*), Egyedhalma (Hungarian), AdžudАџуд (Macedonian, Serbian)
Flag of Romania.svg Aiud Aiud (Romanian*), AjudАјуд (Macedonian, Serbian*), Nagyenyed (Hungarian*), Straßburg am Mieresch (German*)
Flag of France.svg Aix-en-Provence Aikso Provenca (Esperanto*), Ais (Provençal), Ais de Provença (Catalan*, Occitan*, Portuguese*), Aix-en-Provence (Dutch*, French*, Romanian*, Finnish*), Aquae Sextiae (Latin*), Eksangpeurobangseu / Eksangp'ŭrobangsŭ – 엑상프로방스 (Korean*), Eks-an-ProvansЭкс-ан-Прованс (Russian*), Eks an ProvansЕкс ан Прованс (Serbian*), Eks-an-Provans (Turkish), Pǔluówàngsī de Āikèsí – 普罗旺斯的艾克斯/普羅旺斯的艾克斯 (Mandarin)
Flag of France.svg Aix-les-Bains Aix-les-Bains (Dutch*, French*, Finnish*), Aquae Allobrogum, Aquae Gratianae or Aquae Sabaudiae (Latin*), Eks le BenЕкс ле Бен (Serbian*), Ekusureban – エクスレバン (Japanese*), Èx-los-Bens (Franco-Provençal*)
Flag of France.svg Ajaccio Aiacciu (Corsican *), Aghjacciu (local Corsican name), AiákioΑιάκειο (Greek), Ajaccio (Catalan cs:Ajaccio, Dutch*, French*, Finnish*, Italian*, Spanish*), Ajácio (Portuguese*), Ajačio – Ајачио or Ažaksio – Ажаксио (Macedonian), AjačoАјачо (Serbian*), Ajaksio – 아작시오 or Ayacho / Ayach'o – 아야초 (Korean*), Ajakushio – アジャクシオ (Japanese*), AyachchoАяччо (Russian*), Āyǎkèxiāo – 阿雅克肖 (Chinese*), Ayaçço (Turkish), Adiacium (Latin*)
Flag of Slovenia.svg Ajdovščina Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum (Latin), Aidussina (Italian), Ajdovščina (Slovene*), AjdovščinaАјдовшчина (Serbian*), Haidenschaft (German)
Flag of Romania.svg Alba Iulia Alba Iulia (Romanian*), Alba-Julia (French), Alba Júlia (Portuguese*), Alba JulijaАлба Јулија (Serbian*, Macedonian), Apulon (Dacian*), Apulum or Alba Iulia (Latin*), Bălgrad (former name*), Erdel Belgradı (Ottoman Turkish), Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian*), Karlsburg or Weißenburg (German*), Àobā Yóulìyà - 奥巴尤利娅/奧巴尤莉雅 (Mandarin)
Flag of Spain.svg Albacete Albacete (Dutch, Indonesian, Finnish, German, Spanish*), Albacète (French), al-Basīt – البسيط (Arabic*), Albaset – Албасет (Macedonian), AlbaseteАльбасете (Russian*), AlbaseteАлбасете (Serbian*), Arubasete – アルバセテ (Japanese*)
Flag of Greece.svg Alexandroupolis Alejandrópolis (Spanish), AlexandhroúpolisΑλεξανδρούπολις (Greek Katharevousa), Aleksandropolis (Finnish), Aleksandrupolis (Lithuanian), AleksandrupolisАлександруполис (Macedonian, Russian, Serbian*), AleksandrupolisАлександруполіс (Ukrainian*), Alessandropoli (Italian), Alexandropolis (Latin*), Alexandrópolis (Portuguese*), AlexandhroúpoliΑλεξανδρούπολη (Greek*), Alexandrúpoli (Catalan), Dedeağaç (Turkish*), Dedeagatch (former name*), Dedeagh (former French*), Yàlìkèshāndéluóbólìsī/Āléikésāndélǔpōulìsī - 亚历克山德罗波利斯/阿雷克三德鲁剖利斯 (Mandarin), Dedeagach - Дедеагач (Bulgarian*)
Flag of Spain.svg Algeciras Al-Jazirah Al-Khadra (Arabic*), Algeciras (Dutch, Finnish*, German, Spanish*), Algesiras (Lithuanian), Algésiras (French*), Algesires (Catalan*), AlhesirasАлхесирас (Macedonian, Serbian*), Al'khesirasАльхесирас (Russian*), Àohéxīlāsī - 奥和西拉斯 (Mandarin), Iulia Traducta (Latin)
Flag of Italy.svg Alghero AlgeroАлгеро (Macedonian, Serbian*), Alghero (Finnish*, Italian*), Alĝiro (Esperanto), Algueiro (Portuguese, rare*), Alguer (Spanish*), Alguero (Ladino*), L'Alguer (Algherese dialect *, Catalan*, Gallego*, Occitan*), L'Aliera (Sassarese language *), S'Alighèra (Sardinian*)
Flag of Spain.svg Alicante Ákra LeukáἌκρα Λευκά, Ákra LeukḗἌκρα Λευκὴ or Leukḕ ÁkraΛευκὴ Ἄκρα *, LoukéntoiΛουκέντοι or LoúkentonΛούκεντον (Ancient Greek*), [2] al-Laqant – اللقنت (Arabic*), Alacant (Catalan*), Alakanto (Esperanto*), Alicante (Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Spanish*), AlikánteΑλικάντε or AlakántΑλακάντ (Modern Greek*), Alikante (Ladino*, Latvian*), Alikantė (Lithuanian*), AlikanteАликанте (Macedonian, Russian*, Serbian*), Lucentum (Latin*), Ālìkǎntè - 阿利坎特 (Mandarin)
Flag of Spain.svg Almería al-Mariyya (Arabic), Almeria (Catalan, Portuguese*), Almería (Spanish), Almeria (Portuguese), AlmerijaАлмерија (Serbian*), Al'meriyaАльмерия (Russian*), Portus Magnus (Latin), Ā'ōuméilìyà - 阿欧梅利亚 (Mandarin)
Flag of Lithuania.svg Alytus Alīta (Latvian), Alite (Yiddish), Alitten (German*), AlitusАлитус (Serbian*), Allituseu / Allit'usŭ – 알리투스 (Korean*), Olita (Polish), OlitaОлита (Russian), Alita - Аліта (Belarusian)
Flag of Sweden.svg Älvdalen Älvdaelie (Southern Sami), Älvdalen (Swedish), Övdaln (Elfdalian), Tjyörtjbynn (Elfdalian alternate)
Flag of Sweden.svg Älvsbyn Älvsbyn (Swedish), Ientjaválle (Lule Sami), Inčaválli (Northern Sami), Inntjáválle (Pite Sami)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Amsterdam Amestelledamme, Aemstelredamme or Amstelredam (former Dutch), Amseutereudam / Amsŭt'erŭdam – 암스테르담 (Korean*), Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām – أمستردام (Arabic*), Amstelodamum (Latin*), AmstelodhámonΑμστελόδαμον (Greek Katharevousa), Amsterdam (Azeri*, Catalan*, Croatian*, Dutch*, Estonian*, Finnish*, French*, German, Indonesian*, Italian*, Limburgish*, Maltese, Polish*, Romanian*, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish*, Tagalog*, Turkish*, West Frisian*) AmsterdamАмстердам (Bulgarian*, Macedonian, Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Amsterdam – אמסטרדם (Hebrew*), Ámsterdam (Spanish*), ÁmsterdamΆμστερνταμ (Greek*), Amsterdam – אַמסטערדאַם (Yiddish*), Amsterdama (Latvian*), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian*), Amsterdamo (Esperanto*), Âmesterdâm – آمستردام (Persian), Amsterdão, Amsterdã or Amesterdão (Portuguese*), Amsterodam (Czech*), Amstyerdam – Амстэрдам (Belarusian*), Amszterdam (Hungarian*), Āmǔsītèdān – 阿姆斯特丹 (Chinese*), Amusuterudamu – アムステルダム (Japanese*), Mokum or Mokum Aleph or Groot-Mokum (Yiddish, informal*)
Flag of Italy.svg Ancona Ancona (Croatian, Dutch, German, Italian, Latin), Ancône (French*), Ānkēnà – 安科納/安科纳 (Chinese*), AnkónaΑγκώνα (Greek), Ankōna – アンコーナ (Japanese*), Ankona / Ank'ona – 안코나 (Korean*), Ankona (Maltese, Polish*), AnkonaАнкона (Russian*, Serbian*), Jakin (older Croatian*)
Flag of Germany.svg Anklam Anclam (former German spelling*), Anklam (German*), AnklamАнклам (Macedonian, Serbian), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish*), Tanglim or Wendenburg (older German*)
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Antwerp Amberes (Spanish*), AmvérsaΑμβέρσα (Greek), Anteubereupeon / Ant'ŭberŭp'ŏn – 안트베르펀 (Korean*), Āntèwèipǔ – 安特衛普/安特卫普 (Chinese*), Antorf (former German*), Antowāpu – アントワープ (Japanese*), Antuairp (Irish), Antuérpia (Portuguese*), AntverpenАнтверпен (Macedonian, Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Antverpen – אנטוורפן (Hebrew), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpeno (Esperanto*), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwaarp (Gronings), Antwerpe (neighbouring dialect, Limburgish), Antwerpen (Croatian*, Dutch*, Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Norwegian*, Swedish*), Antwerpia (Polish*), Antwīrb (Arabic), Anveres (Ladino), Anvers (French*, Catalan*, Romanian*, Turkish*), Anversa (Italian*), Anviesse (Walloon)
Flag of Italy.svg Aosta Aosta (Italian*), Aoste* (French), Aoûta (Arpitan), Augschtal (Walser German), Osta (Piedmontese *), Osten (German, obsolete), Augusta Praetoria Salassorum (Latin*)
Flag of Italy.svg Aquileia Ākuíláiyà – 阿奎萊亞/阿奎莱亚 (Chinese*), AkvilejaАквилеја (Macedonian, Serbian*), Akvilia (Finnish), Akwileja (Polish*), AkyliíaΑκυληία or AkouiliíaΑκουιληία (Greek*), Aquilea (Spanish), Aquileia (Italian*, Portuguese*, Catalan, Romanian), Aquilea, Aquileia, Aglar(-n) or Agley (German*), Aquilée (French*), Aquilee (Friulian*), Aquiłeja (Venetian*), Oglej (Slovene*)
Flag of Sweden.svg Åre Ååre (Southern Sami), Åre (Swedish), Orė (Lithuanian)
Flag of Sweden.svg Arjeplog Aarjepluevie (Southern Sami), Árjapluovve (Pite Sami alternate), Árjeluovve (Pite Sami alternate), Arjeplog (Swedish), Árjepluovve (Lule Sami, Pite Sami), Árjepluovvi (Northern Sami), Árjiepluövvie (Ume Sami)
Flag of Russia.svg Arkhangelsk Arcangel (Portuguese*), Arcangelo (Italian*), Archandělsk (Czech*), Archangel (former English), ArchángelosΑρχάγγελος (Greek*), Arkhànguelsk (Catalan), Arcàngel (old Catalan), Archangelsk (Dutch*, German*), Archangelsk – ארחנגלסק (Hebrew*), Archangelskas (Lithuanian*), Archangeľsk (Slovak*), Archangielsk (Polish*), Areuhangelseukeu / Arŭhan'gelsŭk'ŭ – 아르한겔스크 (Korean*), Arhangelsk (Croatian*, Estonian*), ArhangelskАрхангелск (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Arhangeļska (Latvian*), Arhangelszk (Hungarian), Āěrhàngéěrsīkè – 阿爾漢格爾斯克/阿尔汉格尔斯克 (Chinese, phonetic*), Dàtiānshǐ - 大天使 (Mandarin, lit.), Arhanghelsk (Romanian*, Turkish*), Arjángelsk (Spanish*), Arkángel (variant in Spanish*), Arkangeli (Finnish*), Arkangelsko (Esperanto*), Arkhangel (French*), Arkhangel'skАрхангельск (Russian*), Arxangelsk (Azeri*), Sint-Michiel (Dutch, antiquated*)
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Arlon Aarlen (Dutch*), Arel (German*, Luxembourgish*), Arlon (French*, Finnish*), ArlonАрлон (Macedonian*, Russian*, Serbian*), Årlon (Walloon*)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Arnhem Ānàmǔ – 阿納姆/阿纳姆 (Chinese*), Arnheim (German*), Arnhem (Croatian*, Dutch*, French*, Polish *), Arnhem – Арнхем (Macedonian*), Ārnhema (Latvian*), Arnhim (West Frisian*), ArnemАрнем (Serbian*), Èrnem (Ernems)
Flag of France.svg Arras ArasАрас (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Arasu – アラス (Japanese*), Arazzo (medieval Italian*), Arracht (Gronings), Arràs (Catalan), Arras (French*, German*, Italian*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Swedish*), Atrecht (Dutch*), Āhā – 阿哈 (Mandarin), Aros (Picard*)
Flag of Sweden.svg Arvidsjaur Aerviesjaevrie (Southern Sami), Árvehávvre (Pite Sami), Árvesjávri (Northern Sami), Árvesjávrre (Lule Sami), Arvidsjaur (Swedish*), Árviesjávrrie (Ume Sami)
Flag of Germany.svg Aschaffenburg Ašafenburg – Ашафенбург (Macedonian*, Serbian), Aschaffenbourg (French*), Aschaffenburg (Dutch*, German*, Catalan), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish*), Āshāfēnbǎo - 阿莎芬堡 (Mandarin), Aschaffenburgum (Latin*)
Flag of Sweden.svg Åsele Åsele (Swedish), Sjeltie (Southern Sami)
Flag of Italy.svg Assisi Ascesi (Central Italian*), Asís (Spanish*), Āxīxī – 阿西西 or Yàxīxī – 亞西西 (Chinese*), Asisi – 아시시 (Korean*), Asisi (Romanian*), Asisi – Асиси (Macedonian*), AsiziАсизи (Serbian*), Asizo (Esperanto*), Assis (Portuguese*), Assís (Catalan), Assise (French*), Assisien (older German*), Assisië (older Dutch*), Assisi (Dutch*, Italian*, Maltese), AssíziΑσσίζη (Greek*), AssiziАссизи (Russian*), Asyż (Polish*), Asisium (Latin*)
Flag of Russia.svg Astrakhan an Astracáin (Irish), Aseuteurahan / Asŭt'ŭrahan – 아스트라한 (Korean*), Ästerxan (Tatar*), Astracã (Portuguese*), Astracanum (Latin*), Astrachan (Dutch*, German*), Astrachań (Polish*), Astrachán (Slovak*), AstrachánΑστραχάν (Greek*), Astrahan (Croatian*, Estonian*, Finnish*, Turkish*), AstrahanАстрахан (Serbian*), Astraĥano (Esperanto*), Astraján or Astracán (Spanish*), Astrakhan (French*, Italian*), AstrakhanАстрахань (Russian*), Âstrâkhân – آستراخان (Persian), Asutorahan – アストラハン (Japanese*), Asztrahány (Hungarian*), Hâjitarkhân – حاجیترخان (former Persian), Həştərxan (Azeri*), Xacitarxan (former Tatar), Āsītèlāhǎn – 阿斯特拉罕 (Chinese*)
Flag of Greece.svg Athens Afina (Azeri*), AfinyАфины (Russian*), Afiny – Афіни or (old form) AtenyАтени ((Ukrainian*)), An Aithin (Irish*), An Àithne (Scottish Gaelic*), Ateena (Estonian*, Finnish*), Aten (Norwegian*, Swedish*), Aten – אַטען (Yiddish*), Atena (Croatian*, Indonesian*, Romanian*), Atėnai (Lithuanian*), Atenas (Ladino, Portuguese*, Spanish*, Tagalog*), Atēnas (Latvian*), Atene (Frisian*, Italian*, Slovene*), Atene – アテネ (Japanese*), Atene / At'ene – 아테네 (Korean*), Atenes (Catalan*), Ateni (Maltese), Atenk – Աթենք (Armenian*), Ateno (Esperanto*), Ateny (Polish*), Atény (Czech*, Slovak*), Athen (Danish*, German*, Norwegian*, Welsh*), Athén (Hungarian*), Atena (Icelandic, rare*), Athenae (Latin*), AthḗnaiἈθῆναι (Ancient Greek), Athene (Dutch*, Limburgish*), Athènes (French*), Athény (alternate Czech*), AthínaΑθήνα (Greek*), AthíneἈθῆναι (Greek Katharevousa), Atīnā (Arabic), AtinaАтина (Bulgarian*, Macedonian*, Serbian*), Atina (Turkish*), AtinciАтинци (Bulgarian alternate name), Atuna – אתונה (Hebrew*), Aþena (Icelandic*), Cetines (Old Catalan), Yǎdiǎn – 雅典 (Chinese, simplified*)
Flag of Ireland.svg Athlone Baile Átha Luain (Irish*), AtlonАтлон (Serbian*), Atlona (Latin*)
Flag of Germany.svg Augsburg Ágosta (old Hungarian), Ágsborg (Icelandic*), Àogésībǎo – 奧格斯堡 (Chinese*), ÁougsbourgΆουγκσμπουργκ (Greek*), Augsbourg (French*), Augsburg (Dutch*, German*, Finnish*, Hungarian, Polish*, Catalan*, Romanian*, Turkish*), AugsburgАугсбург (Macedonian*, Russian*), Augsburg – אוגסבורג (Hebrew*), Augsburga (Latvian*), Augsburgo (Portuguese*, Spanish*), Aŭgsburgo (Esperanto*), Augšpurk or Aušpurk (Czech*), AugzburgАугзбург (Serbian*), Augusta (Italian*), Augusta Vindelicorum (Latin*), Aukusuburuku – アウクスブルク (Japanese*), AvgústaΑυγούστα (alternate Greek*), Oogsborg (Low Saxon), Ougschburg (Swabian)
Flag of Germany.svg Aurich Aurich (German), Auerk (East Frisian, Low German), Aurich – אאוריך (Hebrew), AurihАурих (Serbian*), Auwerk (Gronings, West Frisian), Aurk (Saterlandic)
Flag of Ukraine.svg Avdiivka AvdeyevkaАвде́евка (Russian), Avdijivka - Авді́ївка (Ukrainian)
Flag of France.svg Avignon Abinyong – 아비뇽 (Korean*), Avenio (Latin*), Avignon (Croatian*, Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Romanian*), Avignone (Italian*), Avignoun (Provençal*), Avinhão (Portuguese*), Avinhon (Occitan*), AvinjonАвињон (Macedonian*, Serbian*, Bulgarian), Avinjono (Esperanto*), Aviñón (Spanish*), Aviņona (Latvian*), Avinyó (Catalan*), Avin'onАвиньон (Russian*), Āwéiníwēng – 阿維尼翁/阿维尼翁 (Chinese*), Awinion (Polish*)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endonym and exonym</span> Name variations of ethnic groups, languages, persons, and places

An endonym is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and other languages in parts of Italy and Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">English language</span> West Germanic language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain. The namesake of the language is the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to Britain. It is the most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influences of the former British Empire and the United States. English is the third-most spoken native language, after Standard Chinese and Spanish; it is also the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second-language speakers than native speakers.

Present-day Irish has numerous loanwords from English. The native term for these is béarlachas, from Béarla, the Irish word for the English language. It is a result of language contact and bilingualism within a society where there is a dominant, superstrate language and a minority substrate language with few or no monolingual speakers and a perceived "lesser" status.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Welsh toponymy</span> Place names of Wales

The place-names of Wales derive in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English. Toponymy in Wales reveals significant features of the country's history and geography, as well as the development of the Welsh language. Its study is promoted by the Welsh Place-Name Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish language</span> Celtic language native to Ireland

Irish, also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. It is a member of the Goidelic language group of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland. It was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KyivNotKiev</span> Social media effort by Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

KyivNotKiev is an online campaign to persuade English-language media and organizations to exclusively use Kyiv instead of Kiev as the name of the Ukrainian capital. It was started on 2 October 2018 by the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and StratCom Ukraine, and it is run by the MFA's Department of Public Diplomacy.

References

  1. "Kyiv (Kiev) Travel Guide. Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?". UA Zone.
  2. Entry "Acra Leuce", in: William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. Walton and Maberly / John Murray, London 1854.