Narrow-tailed emerald

Narrow-tailed emerald
Coppery emerald (bottom) with narrow-tailed emerald (top)
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Chlorostilbon
Species:	C. stenurus
Binomial name
Chlorostilbon stenurus (Cabanis & Heine, 1860)

The narrow-tailed emerald (Chlorostilbon stenurus) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. ^{[3] [4]}

Taxonomy and systematics

The narrow-tailed emerald has two subspecies, the nominate C. s. stenurus and C. s. ignotus. ^[3] At least one author has suggested that the green-tailed emerald (C. alice) is either a third subspecies or is contained within ignotus. ^{[5] [6]}

Description

The male narrow-tailed emerald is 8.5 to 9 cm (3.3 to 3.5 in) long and females 7.5 to 8 cm (3.0 to 3.1 in). The species weighs between 3.2 and 3.6 g (0.11 and 0.13 oz). Males of both subspecies have a short, straight, black bill. Males of the nominate subspecies have shining green forehead and crown, shining grass green upperparts including the uppertail coverts, and iridescent green underparts and flanks. Its tail is forked and dark green; the outer pair of feathers are very small and stiletto shaped. Females have a slightly decurved bill. Nominate females have a dull dark green crown with a bronze tinge and dark green upperparts and uppertail coverts. Their chin is brownish, the throat pale white, and the rest of the underparts a somewhat darker white. Their tail is forked. Its two innermost pairs of feathers are metallic bluish green. The next pair have metallic green bases becoming brown before the white tip. The outermost two pairs have gray bases becoming dark blue before the wide white tip. Males of subspecies C. s. ignotus are very similar to the nominate, but are smaller, more yellowish green above, and have a duller, darker green, tail. ^[6]

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of narrow-tailed emerald is found in the Andes of northwestern Venezuela from Trujillo state west into Colombia's Meta Department. C. s. ignotus is found from the coastal mountains of Venezuela south into Lara state. The species inhabits humid forest, scrublands, and secondary forest between elevations of 1,000 and 3,000 m (3,300 and 9,800 ft). ^[6]

Behavior

Movement

The narrow-tailed emerald is generally sedentary but locally makes seasonal elevational changes. ^[6]

Feeding

The narrow-tailed emerald forages for nectar by trap-lining in fairly open areas, visiting a circuit of a variety of flowering plants such as Ericaceae, Rubiaceae, Heliconiaceae, Gesneriaceae, and Inga . It generally forages low, between 0.6 and 4 m (2 and 10 ft) above the ground. It captures small insects by hawking from a perch. ^[6]

Breeding

The narrow-tailed emerald's breeding season spans from September to November. It builds a cup nest of moss with lichen on the outside and typically places it in a shrub or tree between 1 and 2 m (3 and 7 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 15 to 16 days and fledging occurs about 20 days after hatch. ^[6]

Vocalization

As of mid-2022, neither the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library nor xeno-canto have recordings of the narrow-tailed emerald's vocalizations.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the narrow-tailed emerald as being of Least Concern, though it has a limited range and its population size and trend are unknown. No immediate threats have been identified. ^[1] It is considered common throughout its range and is comfortable in human-made habitats. ^[6]

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Chlorostilbon stenurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22687348A93149023. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687348A93149023.en . Retrieved 2 August 2022.
2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
3. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
4. HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
5. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
6. Bündgen, R. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Narrow-tailed Emerald (Chlorostilbon stenurus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.nateme2.01 retrieved August 2, 2022