Narrownose chimaera

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Narrownose chimaera
Hariotta (Harriotta) raleighana 2.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Holocephali
Order: Chimaeriformes
Family: Rhinochimaeridae
Genus: Harriotta
Species:
H. raleighana
Binomial name
Harriotta raleighana
Goode & T. H. Bean, 1895 [2]

The narrownose chimaera (Harriotta raleighana) is a longnose chimaera of the family Rhinochimaeridae, [3] the longnose chimaeras, consisting of eight species belonging three genera. [4] This species is found in temperate seas worldwide, at depths between 200 and 3,100 m. [3] Its length is between 1.0 and 1.5 m, including a long, tapering snout and a long, filamentous tail. [5]

Contents

Taxonomy

This species was first described by George Brown Goode and Tarleton Hoffman Bean in 1895. [2] The genus Harriotta refers to Thomas Harriot and the species name references Sir Walter Raleigh. [3] [2]

Description

Narrownose chimaeras have elongate rostra, slender tails, large pectoral and pelvic fins, large eyes, and two dorsal fins, the first being preceded by a mildly toxic spine. [4] [2] They possess two pairs of non-replaceable tooth plates in the upper jaw and a one pair in the lower jaw. [6] Male H. raleighana are estimated to reach 62.8 cm (24.7 in) and female 75.8 cm (29.8 in) at maturity, respectively. [7]

Habitat

The narrownose chimaera is found off Nova Scotia and in much of the rest of the Atlantic Ocean, [8]  and in parts of the Pacific Ocean to depths of 3100 metres. [4] Very little is known of their biology due to their deep water habitats. [6]

Reproduction

Longnose chimaeras are members of the class Chondrichthyes, diverging from their closest relatives (sharks, rays, and skates) approximately 400 million years ago. [9] Like many other Chondrichthyes, longnose chimaeras reproduce by laying eggs. [7] Egg cases consist of a central chamber surrounded by a web-like structure. [6] Female longnose chimaeras lay a pair of eggs several times per season. [9]

Conservation status

The IUCN has classified this species as being of least concern. [1] In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the narrownose chimaera as "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. [10]

References

  1. 1 2 Dagit, D.D.; Walls, R.H.L. & Buscher, E. (2016). "Harriotta raleighana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T60140A3088899. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T60140A3088899.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Goode, G. Brown; Bean, Tarleton H. (1895). "Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. No. XXX. On Harriotta, a new type of chimaeroid fish from the deeper waters of the northwestern Atlantic" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum . 17 (1014): 471–473. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.17-1014.471. BHL page 15675494.
  3. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Harriotta raleighana". FishBase .
  4. 1 2 3 "FAMILY Details for Rhinochimaeridae - Longnose chimaeras". www.fishbase.org. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  5. ↑ Laura Gegel (2016-03-22). "Freaky winged fish with glowing green eyes mystifies fishermen". CBS News . Retrieved 2016-03-23.
  6. 1 2 3 Didier, Dominique A. "Phylogeny and classification of extant Holocephali." Biology of sharks and their relatives 4 (2004): 115–138.
  7. 1 2 Finucci, B.; Dunn, M. R.; Jones, E. G.; Anderson, J. (2017-02-01). "Reproductive biology of the two deep-sea chimaerids, longnose spookfish (Harriotta raleighana) and Pacific spookfish (Rhinochimaera pacifica)" . Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 120: 76–87. Bibcode:2017DSRI..120...76F. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2016.11.008. ISSN   0967-0637.
  8. ↑ McMillan, Elizabeth (March 7, 2016). "Creepy deepwater fish surprises Nova Scotia fisherman". CBC News. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  9. 1 2 "Chimaera". The Shark Trust. 7 November 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  10. ↑ Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10. ISBN   9781988514628. OCLC   1042901090.
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