Neotricula aperta

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Neotricula aperta
Neotricula aperta shell.png
apertural view of a shell of Neotricula aperta
Neotricula aperta.jpg
Neotricula aperta on a stone
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda

clade Hypsogastropoda

clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:
Rissooidea
Family:
Pomatiopsidae
Subfamily:
Triculinae
Tribe:
Pachydrobiini
Genus:
Neotricula
Species:
N. aperta
Binomial name
Neotricula aperta
(Temcharoen, 1971) [1]
Synonyms

Lithoglyphopsis aperta

Neotricula aperta is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

Contents

The first record of the transmission of S. mekongi by Neotricula aperta (Tricula aperta) was reported in 1973 using sentinel mice on Khong Island, Laos. [2]

This species serves as a sole intermediate host for the fluke Schistosoma mekongi , that causes Mekong schistosomiasis. [3] [4]

Distribution

Currently, Neotricula aperta is known from 31 localities in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, involving nine river systems. [4] The known range of Neotricula aperta is from just south of Kratié in the Mekong river of Cambodia to Kong Lor in Savannakhet of central Laos. [4]

This species occurs:

The type locality is Ban Na on Khong Island, Laos. [6]

Description

A detailed account of the anatomy of Neotricula aperta was given by Davis et al. in 1976. [6]

Three strains of Neotricula aperta have been recognized (called α, β and γ), on the basis of shell size and body pigmentation. [4] Although all three strains are susceptible to Schistosoma mekongi (γ> > β > α), only the γ-strain is epidemiologically significant. [4]

Ecology

Neotricula aperta is exclusively epilithic or epixylic (on rotting wood). [4] Neotricula aperta is found only in shallow areas (typically 0.5 to 3 m deep) of the Mekong river and some of its tributaries. [4] The snails are restricted to areas where the current is moderate (around 2 × 103 m3s−1), the water is clear and the bed rock forms (almost flat) platforms where agal aufwuchs is extensive. [4] Such conditions exist only during the dry season in the lower Mekong (March to May) and so Neotricula aperta populations persist mostly by recruitment (from eggs laid on stones in the previous year) or re-colonization from other rivers, and transmission of Schistosoma mekongi is seasonal. [4] Population density can reach up to 4734 snails per m². [4]

In addition, Neotricula aperta is not known from waters of low conductivity or pH and is calciphilic; the pH of all Neotricula aperta habitats sampled to date is > 7.5 and the river systems in which the snails are found have always been those draining karst areas. [4] More recently, Neotricula aperta has been found in the primary streams emerging from karst springs, close to the origins of the streams. [4] The snail Neotricula aperta requires hard water to provide the calcium needed for rapid shell growth as populations re-establish in the Mekong river each year following the annual flood. [4]

The ecological requirements of Neotricula aperta indicate that this snail will not become established in the reservoirs or downstream channels of dams in the region and that flooding of habitats by impoundment will eliminate all Neotricula aperta populations from the affected area. [4]

Neotricula aperta grazes the algal epilithon and therefore, unlike species such as Biomphalaria (African vector of other kind of schistosomiasis), cannot survive in areas where sediment is depositing and preventing the growth of the algae upon which it feeds. [4] Indeed, ecological studies of Neotricula aperta have shown that this snail is found only on stones covered with fine sediments and that this species is highly sensitive to silting. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Schistosoma</i> Genus of flukes

Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization as the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease, with hundreds of millions infected worldwide.

<i>Oncomelania</i> Genus of gastropods

Oncomelania is a genus of very small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> Species of gastropod

Oncomelania hupensis is a species of very small tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Schistosoma malayensis</i> Species of fluke

Schistosoma malayensis is a schistosome parasite. It was first described in 1988 in Peninsular Malaysia and appears to be a zooenotic infection. The species is named after the country of Malaysia. The natural vertebrate host is van Müller's rat. The intermediate hosts are aquatic snails, Robertsiella kaporenisis. Among Robertsiella kaporenisis are two other Roberstiella species.

Tricula is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae.

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Schistosoma indicum is a species of digenetic trematode in the family Schistosomatidae. The parasite is widespread in domestic animals in India and other Asian countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomatiopsidae</span> Family of gastropods

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<i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> Species of mollusc

Biomphalaria glabrata is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

Schistosoma mekongi is a species of trematodes, also known as flukes. It is one of the five major schistosomes that account for all human infections, the other four being S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. intercalatum. This trematode causes schistosomiasis in humans.

Tricula bollingi is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae. This species is common in Thailand.

<i>Indoplanorbis</i> Genus of gastropods

Indoplanorbis is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snail. Its only member species is Indoplanorbis exustus, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is widely distributed across the tropics. It serves as an important intermediate host for several trematode parasites. The invasive nature and ecological tolerance of Indoplanorbis exustus add to its importance in veterinary and medical science.

<i>Schistosoma spindale</i> Species of fluke

Schistosoma spindale is a species of digenetic trematode in the family Schistosomatidae. It causes intestinal schistosomiasis in the ruminants.

<i>Blanfordia</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Neotricula</i> Genus of gastropods

Neotricula is a genus freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae.

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<i>Stenothyra</i> Genus of gastropods

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References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference [4]

  1. ↑ Temcharoen P. (1971). "'New aquatic molluscs from Laos". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 101: 91-109.
  2. ↑ (Kitikoon, V., Curt R. Schneider, Santasiri Sornmani, Chamlong Harinsuta, and Guy R. Lanza. 1973. Southeast Asian J. Trop.Med.Pub.Hlth, Vol. 4 (3)
  3. ↑ Attwood S. W., Fatih F. A. & Upatham E. S. (2008). "DNA-Sequence Variation Among Schistosoma mekongi Populations and Related Taxa; Phylogeography and the Current Distribution of Asian Schistosomiasis". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2(3): e200. doi : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000200.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Attwood S. W. & Upatham E. S. (2012). "Observations on Neotricula aperta (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) population densities in Thailand and central Laos: implications for the spread of Mekong schistosomiasis". Parasites & Vectors 5: 126. doi : 10.1186/1756-3305-5-126.
  5. ↑ "Introduction". www.stanford.edu. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  6. 1 2 Davis G. M., Kitikoon V. & Temcharoen P. (1976). "Monograph on “Lithoglyphopsis” aperta, the snail host of Mekong river schistosomiasis". Malacologia 15: 241-287.

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