Never Again MSD

Last updated

Never Again MSD
FormationFebruary 15, 2018;6 years ago (2018-02-15)
Purpose Gun control advocacy after the shooting at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSD) in 2018
Location
Key people
Cameron Kasky (center) at a rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on February 17, 2018 Cameron Kasky.png
Cameron Kasky (center) at a rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on February 17, 2018

Never Again MSD is an American student-led political action committee for gun control that advocates for tighter regulations to prevent gun violence. [1] The organization, also known by the Twitter hashtags #NeverAgain, and #EnoughIsEnough, was formed by a group of twenty students attending Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSD) in Parkland, Florida at the time of the deadly shooting in 2018, in which seventeen students and staff members were killed by the gunman, Nikolas Cruz, who was a 19-year-old former student of the school and was armed with an AR-15 style semi-automatic rifle. The organization started on social media as a movement "for survivors of the Stoneman Douglas Shooting, by survivors of the Stoneman Douglas Shooting" using the hashtag #NeverAgain. [2] A main goal of the group was to influence that year's United States mid-term elections, [3] and they embarked on a multi-city bus tour to encourage young people to register to vote. [4]

Contents

The organization staged protests demanding legislative action to be taken to prevent similar shootings in the future and has vocally condemned U.S. lawmakers who have received political contributions from the National Rifle Association (NRA). [5] [6] [7] [8] It was credited in The Washington Post as winning a "stunning victory" against the NRA in the Florida legislature in March 2018 when both houses voted for various gun control measures. [9] The law increased funding for school security and raised the required age to buy a gun from 18 to 21. [10]

Among the organization's most prominent members are Alfonso Calderon, Sarah Chadwick, Jaclyn Corin, Ryan Deitsch, X González, David Hogg, Cameron Kasky, and Alex Wind. [11] [12] [13] Corin, González, Hogg, Kasky, and Wind were featured on a cover of Time in March 2018. [14] In December later that year, it was announced that the March for Our Lives activists made the shortlist for Time's Person of the Year at number four. [15]

Founding

David Hogg (far left) and X Gonzalez (second to right) at a rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on February 17, 2018 Emma Gonzalez and David Hogg at the Rally to Support Firearm Safety Legislation in Fort Lauderdale.jpg
David Hogg (far left) and X González (second to right) at a rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on February 17, 2018

The group was co-formed by Cameron Kasky and his friends at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in the first four days after the shooting, [12] which was committed by the alleged gunman, Nikolas Cruz, who was a 19-year-old former student of the school and armed with an AR-15 style semi-automatic rifle. [16]

The initial three co-founders were Kasky, Alex Wind, and Sofie Whitney. [1] [17] On February 15, 2018, one day after the shooting, Kasky met with Wind at a candlelight vigil. [17] Wind stated, "The day after the shooting, we said something needs to happen; there needs to be a central space; there needs to be a movement." [17] After the vigil, Kasky invited Wind and Whitney to his house. Kasky came up with the name "Never Again" while the group stayed up through the night to make plans, and he posted "Stay alert. #NeverAgain" to Facebook. [12] [18]

Over the next three days after the shooting, the group gained over 35,000 followers on Facebook. [19] Kasky recruited other Stoneman Douglas students David Hogg, X González, and Delaney Tarr at a gun-control rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where they spoke; other students quickly joined. [12] [19] The students gave as many interviews as they could to television networks. [18] The group said they worked quickly to take advantage of the national media attention given to the shooting and its aftermath. [12] Numerous Stoneman Douglas students have been shown in media coverage. [1] [18] [20] [21] By the next day, the group had created Twitter accounts and announced a March for Our Lives nationwide protest, for March 24, 2018. [22]

Stoneman Douglas teacher Ivy Schamis, who had been teaching her Holocaust History class about combating hate when Cruz fired shots into her classroom, stated she thought the Stoneman Douglas students' #NeverAgain hashtag was inspired by the class on Holocaust history. [23] [24] [25] [26] In the classroom there had been a banner saying "We Will Never Forget", which a Holocaust survivor had given to Schamis. [23] Kelly Plaur, a student survivor from that class, is the great-granddaughter of an Auschwitz survivor. [25] Plaur protected Schamis during the shooting. [27] According to Schamis, Cruz was unaware he was shooting into a class on the Holocaust, even though he'd scrawled a swastika onto one of his ammunition magazines. [25] Schamis was presented with USC Shoah Foundation’s inaugural Stronger Than Hate Educator Award in 2019. During her acceptance speech at the award ceremony, Schamis honored the two students Nicholas Dworet and Helena Ramsay from her class that were killed during the shooting. Schamis added, "We share our stories in the hope that others understand that hate is not OK, it's never OK." [26]

Activism

Never Again MSD has inspired students from across the country to protest the nation's gun laws. Photo: a student "lie-in" at the White House on February 19, 2018. Student lie-in at the White House to protest gun laws (crop).jpg
Never Again MSD has inspired students from across the country to protest the nation's gun laws. Photo: a student "lie-in" at the White House on February 19, 2018.

The Fort Lauderdale gun control rally at Broward County Federal Courthouse on February 17, 2018 was attended by hundreds of supporters. [28] Elected officials and gun control advocates, including Florida Senator Gary Farmer, called for an increase in firearm restrictions and gun control legislation. [29] At this rally, X González began their speech with a moment of silence for the 17 victims killed in the school shooting. [30] They then gave an impassioned 11-minute speech, in which they demanded to know where the "common sense" was in America's gun laws, calling out members of Congress who have accepted contributions from the NRA. [30] [31] [32] González was noted for rebuking "thoughts and prayers" from the government and President Donald Trump. [31]

Never Again MSD has inspired vigils to protest gun violence and discuss reforms. Image: students of Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley, California. Tam High Vigil for Parkland School Shooting (38488882960).jpg
Never Again MSD has inspired vigils to protest gun violence and discuss reforms. Image: students of Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley, California.

To support the gun control rally, Never Again MSD spoke out in the media about the importance of taking action to change policy. In an opinion column for CNN, Cameron Kasky wrote: "We can't ignore the issues of gun control that this tragedy raises. And so, I'm asking—no, demanding—we take action now." [33] Delaney Tarr wrote an op-ed for Teen Vogue , in which she discussed why she and her fellow students were organizing in response to the mass shooting at Parkland. She stated "Knowing that we can keep this from happening to even one more person is the only thing that makes me feel even a little bit better about living through this senseless tragedy.” [34]

The first organized #NeverAgain movement protest was a march on the Florida State Capitol in Tallahassee on February 20, 2018. [2] [12] [35] [36] The group worked with congresswoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz and Florida Senator Lauren Book to arrange a bus trip for one hundred students and fifteen parent chaperones to the Capitol to voice their concerns with lawmakers and demand action on gun violence. [2] [12] [35] Jaclyn Corin was a key organizer of the bus trip protest. [37] A report in Vanity Fair suggested it was her idea to have the bus trip soon after the shooting because it was alive in the news cycle; she said "the news forgets—very quickly—we needed a critical mass event." [38] Sofie Whitney, one of the organizers of the bus trip, was interviewed by CNN's Chief Washington Correspondent Jake Tapper while on the bus en route. [39] Several students, along with Fred Guttenberg, father of a slain student, watched from the gallery as the Florida House voted against considering a bill to ban assault weapons (such as AR-15 style rifles) and high-capacity magazines in a vote of 71 to 36. [40] [41] [42] More than 3,000 people attended a rally at the Capitol the following day. [42] [43]

Never Again MSD and other groups have also played a part in corporations' revocation of NRA sponsorships and discounts for NRA members. [44] Firms which have severed ties with the NRA include the First National Bank of Omaha; car rental companies Hertz, Avis, Enterprise, and Budget; insurer MetLife; Symantec software; home security firm SimpliSafe; and airlines including Delta and United. [45]

Never Again MSD has been credited for including persons of color within their movement. [46] Jaclyn Corin recognized that "Parkland received more attention because of its affluence," while David Hogg faulted the media for "not giving black students a voice." [46] Alex Wind said the protests were about ending gun violence against all communities. [46]

March for Our Lives

March for Our Lives, a nationwide demonstration that included a march held in Washington, D.C., took place on March 24, 2018. The event was conducted in collaboration with the nonprofit organization Everytown for Gun Safety. [47] [48] [49] Hundreds of thousands of protesters showed up at demonstrations across the United States, as well as internationally, to demand action against gun violence. [50] Many Marjory Stoneman Douglas students spoke out in Washington, D.C. [50] [51] [52] [53] González briefly spoke, naming the victims, before standing silent on stage for four minutes. They were on stage for six minutes and twenty seconds, the length of the Parkland shooting. [52] [54]

Yolanda Renee King, Martin Luther King Jr.'s nine-year-old granddaughter brought in by Corin, said during her speech, "I have a dream that enough is enough." [46] [51] In addition to sharing the stage at the protest with King, they also passed the mic to Virginia African-American elementary school student Naomi Wadler. [46] Sir Paul McCartney, speaking to CNN at a sister march in New York City, revealed his T-shirt reading "We can end gun violence." [50]

Town halls

Never Again MSD has worked to organize town hall meetings across the United States to hold Congress members accountable for their position on gun laws. [3] [55] For town halls on April 7, 2018, the group confirmed events in 30 districts. [3] At a town hall near Parkland, supporters passed out red bumper stickers calling for an assault weapons ban. [55]

Cross–country gun control tour

In June 2018, Never Again MSD announced that the group would travel throughout the United States and hold rallies that summer to call for stronger gun control, [56] and to encourage teenagers who would be eighteen by November 2018 to vote in the 2018 U.S. midterm elections on a tour entitled "Road To Change Tour". The group stated that it intended to appear in cities where the NRA held the most influence. [57] During the summer and fall, the students traveled to every district in Florida and 30 states across the country, visiting over 100 communities, registering 50,000 voters, and raising awareness about gun violence. [58] In the weeks before the 2018 U.S. midterm elections, the group engaged in another national tour specifically focused on election-related efforts like educating, registering, and encouraging youth voters to vote in the 2018 U.S. midterm elections. [59] [60]

Response

George and Amal Clooney donated $500,000 to the organization to help with the cost of organizing the March for Our Lives demonstration, which they also participated in. [61] Following the Clooneys' announcement, other celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Jeffrey Katzenberg, and Steven Spielberg pledged to match the $500,000 donation. [62] [63]

In a CNN editorial entitled "The NRA's worst nightmare is here", Dean Obeidallah compared Never Again MSD to the "early days of the #MeToo movement, which caused a cultural shift regarding sexual misconduct." [44]

After some schools threatened to suspend students for participating in peaceful Never Again MSD (#NeverAgain) protests, hundreds of U.S. colleges pledged they would not penalize students disciplined for taking part. [64] These colleges, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, Yale University, Columbia University, and the University of Florida, added their names to #NeverAgain Colleges. [64] [65]

Michelle and Barack Obama penned a letter of support to the Parkland students, ending their letter with "we will be there for you." Michelle and Barack Obama pose in front of the official White House Christmas Tree (cropped).jpg
Michelle and Barack Obama penned a letter of support to the Parkland students, ending their letter with "we will be there for you."

In March 2018, Michelle and Barack Obama penned a handwritten letter to the students of Parkland, expressing admiration for their advocacy against gun violence:

We wanted to let you know how inspired we have been by the resilience, resolve and solidarity that you have all shown in the wake of unspeakable tragedy ... Not only have you supported and comforted each other, but you've helped awaken the conscience of the nation, and challenged decision-makers to make the safety of our children the country's top priority. ... Throughout our history, young people like you have led the way in making America better.

— Michelle and Barack Obama, March 10, 2018 [66]

Misinformation and criticism

Attempts to discredit the Never Again MSD movement in the media took the form of verbal attacks and misinformation by right-wing Republican leaders. Former Republican senator and presidential candidate Rick Santorum attacked the Parkland activists verbally during an interview with CNN , suggesting that students should take classes in CPR rather than marching in Washington. [67] The Washington Post quoted several doctors ridiculing Santorum for suggesting CPR, which is useless for trauma and blood loss. [68] Leslie Gibson, a Republican candidate for the Maine House of Representatives, disparaged X González and David Hogg, but later apologized for his comments and withdrew his candidacy. [69] Iowa Republican Representative Steve King's campaign criticized X González for displaying their Cuban heritage. [70] [71]

NRA board member and rock musician Ted Nugent described the Parkland activists as "mushy brained and soulless liars". [72] Alex Jones, a right-wing conspiracy theorist and host of InfoWars, led a campaign to discredit X González, David Hogg, and other March for Our Lives protesters by comparing them to Nazis. [73] [74]

Fake pictures and GIFs of X González tearing up a copy of the U.S. Constitution circulated on social media in March 2018. The images were doctored from originals of González tearing up a shooting target sign. Actor and conservative commentator Adam Baldwin defended circulating the doctored images as political satire. [75] [76]

New laws

In March 2018, the Florida Legislature passed a bill titled the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act. It raised the minimum age for buying firearms to 21, established waiting periods and background checks, provided a program for the arming of some teachers and the hiring of school police, banned bump stocks, and barred potentially violent or mentally unhealthy people arrested under certain laws from possessing guns. In all, it allocated around $400 million. [77]

Governor Rick Scott signed the bill into law on March 9. He commented, "To the students of Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, you made your voices heard. You didn't let up and you fought until there was change." [10] John Cassidy stated in The New Yorker , "This was the first time in thirty years that Florida had passed any gun restrictions, and it was a direct response to the Never Again movement, which was founded by students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School." [78]

Salon suggested that Republican lawmakers have generally remained silent about gun control measures because "they depend heavily on NRA campaign donations, and even more on the NRA's cadre of pro-gun voters". [79] Since February 2018, 67 new pieces of gun control legislation have been passed in 26 states across the country. [80]

Controversy

In an open letter published on their website, March For Our Lives admitted to "[tokenizing] the BIPOC communities we aimed to create relationships with." Particularly on their Road to Change tour of the summer of 2018. This tour saw many minority activists, some having spoken at the March For Our Lives, join them on their travels.

Some early gatekeepers of March For Our Lives, students and adults alike, did not give Black Parkland students and other BIPOC activists from across the nation a fair opportunity to build an inclusive movement based on lived experience and solidarity. That summer, in an effort to listen and learn from marginalized communities, March For Our Lives traveled across the country, from Florida to California, but further tokenized the BIPOC communities we aimed to create relationships with.

"Open Letter From March for Our Lives".

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parkland, Florida</span> City in Florida, United States

Parkland is a city in northern Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb of Miami and located 42 miles (68 km) north of the city. As of the 2020 census, the population of Parkland was 34,670. Parkland is part of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to 6,166,488 people in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School</span> Public high school in Parkland, Florida, United States

Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School is a public high school in Parkland, Florida, United States. Established in 1990 as part of the Broward County Public Schools district and named after the writer Marjory Stoneman Douglas, it is the only public high school in Parkland, serving almost the entire city as well as a small section of neighboring Coral Springs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfonso Calderon (activist)</span> Spanish-American activist against gun violence

Alfonso Calderón Atienzar is a Spanish-American student activist against gun violence. He is a survivor of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting and a founding member of the Never Again MSD movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parkland high school shooting</span> 2018 mass shooting in Parkland, Florida, US

The Parkland high school shooting was a mass shooting that occurred on February 14, 2018, when 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz opened fire on students and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in the Miami metropolitan area city of Parkland, Florida, killing 17 people and injuring 17 others. Cruz, a former student at the school, fled the scene on foot by blending in with other students and was arrested without incident approximately one hour and twenty minutes later in nearby Coral Springs. Police and prosecutors investigated "a pattern of disciplinary issues and unnerving behavior".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">X González</span> American activist and gun control advocate

X González is an American activist and advocate for gun control. In 2018, they survived the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history, and, in response, co-founded the gun-control advocacy group Never Again MSD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March for Our Lives</span> 2018 and 2022 student-led demonstration in Washington, DC

March for Our Lives (MFOL) is a student-led organization which leads demonstrations in support of gun control legislation. The first demonstration took place in Washington, D.C., on March 24, 2018, with over 880 sibling events throughout the United States and around the world, and was planned by Never Again MSD in collaboration with the nonprofit organization Everytown for Gun Safety. The event followed the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting a month earlier, which was described by several media outlets as a possible tipping point for gun control legislation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cameron Kasky</span> American gun control activist (born 2000)

Cameron Marley Kasky is an American activist and advocate against gun violence who co-founded the student-led gun violence prevention advocacy group Never Again MSD. He is notable for helping to organize the March for Our Lives nationwide student protest in March 2018. Kasky is a survivor of the February 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. Kasky was included in Time magazine's "100 Most Influential People of 2018".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 United States gun violence protests</span>

In 2018, protests against gun violence in the United States increased after a series of mass shootings, most notably at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School on February 14 that year. An organized protest in the form of a national school walkout occurred on March 14. March for Our Lives was held on March 24. Another major demonstration occurred April 20, 2018.

Alexander Blake Wind is an American student activist against gun violence. A survivor of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting and a founding member of the Never Again MSD movement, he is a critic of politicians who are supported by the National Rifle Association of America. Wind was one of five Stoneman Douglas students featured on the cover of Time magazine in 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Hogg</span> American gun control activist (born 2000)

David Miles Hogg is an American gun control activist. He rose to prominence during the 2018 United States gun violence protests as a student survivor of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, helping lead several high-profile protests, marches, and boycotts, including the boycott of The Ingraham Angle. He has also been a target and scapegoat of several conspiracy theories.

Sarah Chadwick is an American activist against gun violence and one of the leaders of the Never Again MSD activist movement.

Jaclyn Corin is an American activist against gun violence. She survived the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in 2018. She is one of the co-founders of March for Our Lives and the organizer of a student protest to Tallahassee, Florida. She has also been a vocal critic of politicians funded by the National Rifle Association.

Lauren Elizabeth Hogg is an American author and activist against gun violence. She survived the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in 2018 and after became a co-founder of March for Our Lives and advocates against gun violence. She is the younger sister of gun control activist and former Marjory Stoneman Douglas student David Hogg. She graduated from MSD High School in 2021, three years after David.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyle Kashuv</span> American conservative activist

Kyle Kashuv is an American conservative activist. He survived the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting and subsequently advocated for gun rights, notably in opposition to his fellow survivors' March for Our Lives movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Pollack</span> American author, activist and entrepreneur

Andrew Scott Pollack is an American author, school safety activist, and entrepreneur whose daughter Meadow was one of the 17 murdered victims in the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Deitsch</span> American activist against gun violence

Ryan Deitsch is an American student activist against gun violence, and a survivor of the Parkland massacre. He is a founding member of the Never Again MSD movement.

James Shaw Jr. is an American electrical technician. Shaw is known for disarming a gunman armed with a Bushmaster XM-15 during the 2018 Nashville Waffle House shooting in Antioch, Tennessee, potentially saving lives as a result.

Samantha Deitsch is an American author and gun control activist who survived the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in 2018.

<i>Us Kids</i> 2020 film

Us Kids is a 2020 American documentary film directed by Kim A. Snyder, following members of the March for Our Lives movement after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School on February 14, 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aalayah Eastmond</span> American activist

Aalayah Eastmond is an American activist and advocate for gun violence prevention, social justice, and racial equality. After surviving the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, Eastmond began her activism during the 2018 United States gun violence protests. She has testified multiple times to the U.S. Congress. Eastmond is an executive council member of Team Enough, a youth-led gun violence prevention organization which is part of the Brady Campaign. Eastmond co-founded Concerned Citizens of DC in the wake of the murder of George Floyd to organize protests supporting social justice issues in Washington, D.C. She supports Black Lives Matter and protests against police brutality.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Seelinger, Lani (February 19, 2018). "What Is Never Again MSD? Parkland Survivors Are Standing Up To Politicians & The NRA". Bustle . Retrieved February 19, 2018. ... multiple students have banded together to take gun violence prevention into their own hands ... Emma Gonzalez, Cameron Kasky, David Hogg, Alex Wind, Jaclyn Corin, Sofie Whitney, and Delaney Tarr, among others, and they're prepared for a fight ... calling their movement Never Again, and the "MSD" added at the end of their Twitter account refers to the name of their school ... We are sick of the Florida lawmakers choosing money from the NRA over our safety ... holding what they're calling the March For Our Lives in Washington, D.C. on March 24. ... the students behind it are tech savvy, they've fully educated themselves on the issue, and their updates on Twitter show that PR is already one of their main strengths. ...
  2. 1 2 3 "Turning Anger Into Activism: School Shooting Victims Say 'Never Again'". WQAM CBS Miami. February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 Beckett, Lois (March 31, 2018). "Florida school shooting survivors march on unfazed by personal attacks". The Guardian . Retrieved March 31, 2018.
  4. ↑ NPR, Brakkton Booker, June 16, 2018, NPR, Parkland Survivors Launch Tour To Register Young Voters And Get Them Out In November. Retrieved July 7, 2018, "...summer they're hitting the road with a new mission: turn the wave of young activism they helped spark into an energized voting bloc ..."
  5. ↑ "Students Who Survived Florida Shooting Want Politicians To Know They're Angry". All Things Considered . NPR. February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  6. ↑ Burch, Audra D. S.; Mazzei, Patricia; Healy, Jack (February 16, 2018). "A 'Mass Shooting Generation' Cries Out for Change". The New York Times . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  7. ↑ Holpuch, Amanda (February 17, 2018). "Post-Columbine generation demands action on guns: 'We don't deserve this'". The Guardian . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  8. ↑ "US: School shooting survivors demand stricter gun laws". Al Jazeera. February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  9. ↑ Washington Post, A rarity for the NRA: Defeat. Retrieved March 9, 2018, "The students ... their victory over the National Rifle Association in a state that has long done the gun-rights group's bidding was nothing short of stunning ..."
  10. 1 2 Sanchez, Ray; Yan, Holly (March 9, 2018). "Florida Gov. Rick Scott signs gun bill". CNN. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  11. ↑ CNN Wire (February 14, 2018). "The fire alarm blared. Then the gunshots began and students ran for their lives". WHNT News. Retrieved March 10, 2018. ..."I never thought something like this would happen, especially in Parkland, Florida. ...{{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Witt, Emily (February 19, 2018). "How the Survivors of Parkland Began the Never Again Movement". The New Yorker . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  13. ↑ Pazzanese, Christina (March 20, 2018). "Parkland students: The violence must stop here". Harvard Gazette . Retrieved March 25, 2018. ... since the massacre at their high school, students Emma Gonzalez (from left), David Hogg, Cameron Kasky, Alex Wind, Matt Deitsch, and Ryan Deitsch have become among the most recognizable faces in the #NeverAgain movement ...
  14. ↑ "Parkland Students On Cover Of Time Magazine". Houston Public Media . University of Houston. Associated Press. March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018. ... The cover features Marjory Stoneman Douglas students Jaclyn Corin, Alex Wind, Emma Gonzalez, Cameron Kasky and David Hogg ...
  15. ↑ Alter, Charlotte. "March For Our Lives Activists: TIME Person of the Year Runner Up". Time. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  16. ↑ Lowery, Wesley (February 18, 2018). "'No more guns!': Florida students rally to denounce political inaction after 17 killed in school shooting". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  17. 1 2 3 Lowery, Wesley (February 18, 2018). "He survived the Florida school shooting. He vows not to return to classes until gun laws change". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  18. 1 2 3 Smidt, Remy (February 20, 2018). "Here's What It's Like At The Headquarters Of The Teens Working To Stop Mass Shootings: Just days after surviving a mass shooting, a team of teens is trying to start a revolution from their parents' living rooms". BuzzFeed . Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  19. 1 2 Lowery, Wesley (February 17, 2018). "Students denounce political inaction after Florida shooting – 'This isn't just a mental health issue! He wouldn't have harmed that many students with a knife!'". The Herald . Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  20. ↑ Associated Press (February 20, 2018). "Shooting survivors to travel to Fla. capital for rally". Newsday .
  21. ↑ Grinberg, Emanuella (February 26, 2018). "They survived a school shooting. Now, activism feels more urgent than classes". CNN . Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  22. ↑ Bruney, Gabrielle (February 18, 2018). "Survivors of the Florida School Shooting Are Planning to March on Washington". Esquire . Hearst Communications . Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  23. 1 2 Stuart, Tessa (February 12, 2019). "Parkland, One Year Later: Ivy Schamis, a Teacher of Hope". Rolling Stone . Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  24. ↑ Solomon, Lois K. (March 20, 2018). "Stoneman Douglas teacher gets $1,000 to keep Holocaust lessons alive". Sun-Sentinel . Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  25. 1 2 3 "Holocaust History Came Alive In Parkland Shooting". CBS 4 Miami . April 26, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  26. 1 2 "Parkland mass shooting: One year later". USC Shoah Foundation . February 13, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  27. ↑ Clarke, Nyan (March 20, 2018). "Senior Kelly Plaur protects her teacher from gunfire". The Eagle Eye. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  28. ↑ Chavez, Nicole (February 18, 2018). "Florida school shooting survivors turn grief into action". CNN . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Gun control rally held Fort Lauderdale in wake of deadly school shooting". CNN. February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  30. 1 2 Bailey, Chelsea (February 17, 2018). "At rally, Parkland shooting survivors rail against gun laws, NRA and Trump". NBC News . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  31. 1 2 Iasimone, Ashley (February 17, 2018). "Artists React to Florida School Shooting Survivor's Powerful Speech at Gun Control Rally". Billboard . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  32. ↑ "Florida student Emma Gonzalez to lawmakers and gun advocates: 'We call BS'" (Includes video and transcript). CNN. February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  33. ↑ Kasky, Cameron (February 15, 2018). "Parkland student: My generation won't stand for this". CNN . Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  34. ↑ Tarr, Delaney (February 19, 2018). "I Survived the Parkland Shooting. This Is What I Want Everyone to Know". Teen Vogue . Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  35. 1 2 Klas, Mary Ellen (February 18, 2018). "Parkland students to march on the Capitol this week to demand change to gun laws". The Miami Herald . Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  36. ↑ Gonzales, Erica (February 18, 2018). "High School Students Fearlessly Lead the Fight for Gun Control Across the Country". Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  37. ↑ Aradillas, Elaine (March 1, 2018). "What to Know About Jaclyn Corin, Class President Who Became National Activist After School Shooting". People . Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  38. ↑ Cullen, Dave (March 7, 2018). "'The News Forgets. Very Quickly.': Inside the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Students' Incredible Race to Make History". Vanity Fair . Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  39. ↑ "FL school shooting survivor reacts to Trump action on bump stocks". CNN. February 20, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  40. ↑ Hutchinson, Bill (February 21, 2018). "Assault-rifle bill voted down in Florida as shooting survivors look on in Capitol". ABC News . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  41. ↑ Sanchez, Ray; Boyette, Chris; McLaughlin, Eliott (February 20, 2018). "Florida Legislature rejects weapons ban with massacre survivors en route to Capitol". CNN . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  42. 1 2 Witt, Emily (February 23, 2018). "Urgency and Frustration: The Never Again Movement Gathers Momentum". The New Yorker . Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Update: More than 3,000 people rally at the Capitol; number growing". Tallahassee Democrat . February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  44. 1 2 Obeidallah, Dean (February 25, 2018). "The NRA's worst nightmare is here". CNN.
  45. ↑ Popken, Ben (February 24, 2018). "More companies cut ties with the NRA after customer backlash". NBC News . Retrieved February 26, 2018. ...cutting ties with the NRA were the car rental groups Enterprise, Hertz, Avis and Budget ... MetLife ... Symantec ... SimpliSafe. Delta and United ...
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 Hamedy, Saba (March 25, 2018). "The Parkland kids keep checking their privilege". CNN . Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  47. ↑ Cooper, Kelly-Leigh (February 18, 2018). "In Florida aftermath, US students say 'Never Again'". BBC . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  48. ↑ "March for Our Lives". marchforourlives.com. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  49. ↑ Lam, Katherine (February 18, 2018). "Florida school shooting survivors plan march demanding end to gun violence". Fox News Channel . Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  50. 1 2 3 "March for Our Lives Updates: Chants of 'Enough Is Enough' at Huge Rallies on Guns". The New York Times . March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  51. 1 2 Ortega, Juan (March 24, 2018). "Watch: Full speeches from March for Our Lives demonstrations". Sun Sentinel . Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  52. 1 2 Andone, Dakin (March 24, 2018). "Emma Gonzalez stood on stage for 6 minutes – the length of the Parkland gunman's shooting spree". CNN . Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  53. ↑ Karson, Kendall (March 24, 2018). "Parkland survivor Delaney Tarr's 2018 message: 'I'm voting for my life'". ABC News . Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  54. ↑ Ryan, Lisa (March 24, 2018). "Emma González's March For Our Lives Speech Lasted As Long As the Parkland Shooting". The Cut. New York. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  55. 1 2 Kennedy, Kelli (April 10, 2018). "What's next for Parkland students? Town halls, midterms vote". ABC News . Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  56. ↑ "Young Parkland activists announce nationwide tour ahead of midterm elections". NBC. June 4, 2018.
  57. ↑ "Parkland students will tour the nation to register voters and demand change". CNN. June 4, 2018.
  58. ↑ Alter, Charlotte (December 10, 2018). "Person Of The Year Shortlist: The Activists". Time.
  59. ↑ "Past Tour Dates". March For Our Lives.
  60. ↑ Kennedy, Kelli; Schneider, Mike (November 2, 2018). "Months after massacre, Parkland victims vote for first time". Associated Press.
  61. ↑ Culbertson, Alix (February 20, 2018). "George and Amal Clooney donate $500k to Florida shooting survivors' Never Again gun control campaign". Sky News . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  62. ↑ Stack, Liam (February 20, 2018). "Clooney, Winfrey and Spielberg Donate Money for March Against Gun Violence". The New York Times . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  63. ↑ Rothman, Michael (February 21, 2018). "George Clooney, Oprah and Spielberg donate $500,000 each to Washington march against gun violence". ABC News . Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  64. 1 2 Savransky, Rebecca (February 28, 2018). "Colleges promise not to penalize high school students disciplined for protesting gun violence". The Hill . Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  65. ↑ Garcia, Alex. "#NeverAgain Colleges". #NeverAgain Colleges.
  66. ↑ Gstalter, Morgan (March 21, 2018). "Obamas send handwritten note to Parkland students: 'We will be there for you'". The Hill . Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  67. ↑ Robillard, Kevin (March 25, 2018). "Santorum: Parkland students should learn CPR instead of marching". Politico . Retrieved March 25, 2018. ... Rick Santorum said Sunday that students ... should have responded to the massacre of their classmates by 'taking CPR classes' instead of 'looking to someone else to solve their problem.' ...
  68. ↑ Flynn, Meagan (March 26, 2018). "'Mr. Santorum. CPR doesn't work if all the blood is on the ground'". The Washington Post . Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  69. ↑ Stevens, Matt (March 18, 2018). "'Skinhead Lesbian' Tweet About Parkland Student Ends Maine Republican's Candidacy". The New York Times . Retrieved April 1, 2018. Mr. Gibson called one Florida student, X González, a "skinhead lesbian," and another, David Hogg, a "moron" and a "baldfaced liar."
  70. ↑ Vazquez, Maegan (March 26, 2018). "Steve King's campaign criticizes Parkland survivor X González". CNN . Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  71. ↑ Garcia, Arturo (March 25, 2018). "FACT CHECK: Was Emma González Wearing a Cuban Flag Patch During Her 'March for Our Lives' Speech?". Snopes . Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  72. ↑ Robillard, Kevin (March 31, 2018). "Ted Nugent: Parkland's Student-Activists Are 'Soulless' Liars". The Daily Beast . Retrieved March 31, 2018.
  73. ↑ Rosenberg, Eli (March 27, 2018). "A new epithet emerges for Parkland teens calling for more gun control: Nazis". The Washington Post . Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  74. ↑ Willis, Jay (March 26, 2018). "The Campaign to Discredit the Parkland Teens Reeks of Desperation". GQ . Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  75. ↑ Lotto Persio, Sofia (March 26, 2018). "Fake Photo of Emma Gonzalez Slammed as Bid to Discredit March for Our Lives". Newsweek . Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  76. ↑ Danner, Chas (March 26, 2018). "People Are Sharing Fake Photos of Emma González Tearing Up the Constitution". New York . Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  77. ↑ Sweeney, Dan (March 7, 2018). "Florida House sends Stoneman Douglas gun and school bill to Gov. Scott". Sun-Sentinel . Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  78. ↑ Cassidy, John (March 12, 2018). "Donald Trump Is Just Another N.R.A. Patsy, but He Can't Stop the "Never Again" Movement". The New Yorker . Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  79. ↑ Chauncey Devega, April 4, 2018, Salon magazine, The right’s Parkland problem: A symptom of authoritarian parenting: Conservatives see the Parkland students as disrespectful and dangerous — and those feelings stem from primal fears. Retrieved April 4, 2018, "...Republican elected officials have, for the most part, remained silent ... depend heavily on NRA campaign donations, and ... NRA's cadre of pro-gun voters. ... ."
  80. ↑ Atkinson, Khorri (February 14, 2019). "The flurry of new state gun laws after Parkland". Axios.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.