Nicola Spaldin

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Nicola Spaldin
FRS
Nicola Spaldin Royal Society.jpg
Nicola Spaldin at the Royal Society admissions day in London, July 2017
Born1969 (age 55–56) [1]
Sunderland, UK
Alma mater University of Cambridge (BA)
University of California, Berkeley (PhD)
Awards James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials (2010)
Rössler Prize (2012)
Körber European Science Prize (2015)
L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award (2017)
Swiss Science Prize Marcel Benoist (2019) [2]
IUPAP Magnetism Prize and Néel Medal (2021)
Europhysics Prize (2022)
Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics (2022)
Gothenburg Physics Centre Lise Meitner Award (2023)
CNRS Fellow-Ambassadeur (2024)
Doctor of Science (honoris causa), Queens University, Belfast (2024)
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions ETH Zurich
University of California, Santa Barbara
Yale University
Thesis Calculating the electronic properties of semiconductor nanostructures  (1996)
Website www.theory.mat.ethz.ch/people/person-detail.html?persid=177264

Nicola Ann Spaldin (born 1969) [5] [1] FRS is professor of materials science at ETH Zurich, known for her pioneering research on multiferroics. [6] [4] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Contents

Education and early life

A native of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England, Spaldin earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in natural sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1991, and a PhD in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1996. [11] [12]

Career and research

Spaldin was inspired to search for multiferroics, magnetic ferroelectric materials, by a remark about potential collaboration made by a colleague studying ferroelectrics during her postdoctoral research studying magnetic phenomena at Yale University from 1996 to 1997. [13] She continued to develop the theory of these materials as a new faculty member at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and in 2000 published (under her previous name, Hill) "a seminal article" [14] that for the first time explained why few such materials were known. [15] Following her theoretical predictions, in 2003 she was part of a team that experimentally demonstrated the multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3. [16] Over the next years she was involved in a number of developments in the rapidly emerging field of multiferroics, including the first demonstration of electric-field control of magnetism in BiFeO3 [17] (selected by Science magazine as one of their "Areas to watch" in their 2007 Breakthroughs of the Year section), the discovery of conducting ferroelectric domain walls [18] and a strain-driven morphotropic phase boundary, [19] again in BiFeO3, and the identification of new mechanisms for multiferroicity, for example the improper geometric ferroelectricity in YMnO3. [20] In the same time period, she developed and implemented methodology to allow application of finite electric and magnetic fields to metal-insulator heterostructures within the density functional theory formalism, [21] allowing her to solve the long-standing problem of the origin of the dielectric dead layer in capacitors [22] and to identify previously unknown routes to magnetoelectric coupling. [23]

Spaldin moved from UCSB to ETH Zurich in 2010. [12] Since then, three particular new directions stand out in her research portfolio. One is the development of the concept and formalism of magnetic multipoles, which require a theory of magnetism beyond the usual magnetic-dipole level. In addition to their importance for magnetoelectric coupling, [24] these have proved relevant for understanding the occurrence of magnetism at the surfaces of compensated antiferromagnets [25] as well as for characterizing phenomena as diverse as altermagnetism [26] and magnetic skyrmions. [27] Second, the establishment of Dynamical Multiferroicity, [28] which spawned interest in so-called chiral phonons and their associated magnetic moments. [29] And third, the unexpected application of multiferroics in other more fundamental branches of physics: She designed a new multiferroic with the precise specifications required to allow a solid-state search for the electric dipole moment of the electron [30] and identified a multiferroic with a symmetry-lowering phase trainsition that generates the crystallographic equivalent of cosmic strings. [31] These "cross-over" projects led to a current interest in dark-matter direct detection.

Her publications are listed on Google scholar. [4]

Awards and honours

Spaldin was the 2010 winner of the American Physical Society's James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials, [32] the winner of the Rössler Prize of the ETH Zurich Foundation in 2012, [33] the 2015 winner of the Körber European Science Prize for "laying the theoretical foundation for the new family of multiferroic materials" [16] [12] [14] and one of the laureates of the 2017 L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science. [34] In November 2017 she was awarded the Lise-Meitner Lectureship of the Austrian and German Physical Societies in Vienna [35] [36] and in 2019 she won the Swiss Science Prize Marcel Benoist. [2] [37] In 2021 she received the IUPAP Magnetism Award and Néel Medal, [38] and in 2022 the Europhysics Prize of the European Physical Society [39] and the Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics. [40] In 2023, she won the Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award. [41]

Spaldin is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2008), the Materials Research Society (2011), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2013) [12] and the Royal Society (2017), [42] an Honorary Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge, and a member of Academia Europaea (2021) [43] and the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (2021). [44] She is a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Engineering (2019), [45] the French Academy of Sciences (2021), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (2022) and the German National Academy of Sciences, Leopoldina (2022). [46] She is an External Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society [47] and a Fellow-Ambassadeur of the CNRS. [48]

Service

Spaldin is a member of the ERC Scientific Council [49] and a founding Lead Editor of Physical Review Research. [50]

Teaching

Spaldin has twice received the ETH Golden Owl for Teaching Excellence [51] as well as the ETH Award for Best Teaching. [52] Some of her lectures are available on her youtube channel. [53] She coordinated the revision of her Department's BSc Curriculum in Materials and documented it in a blog. Her textbook on Magnetic Materials is published by Cambridge University Press. [54]

Related Research Articles

In physics and materials science, ferroelectricity is a characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. All ferroelectrics are also piezoelectric and pyroelectric, with the additional property that their natural electrical polarization is reversible. The term is used in analogy to ferromagnetism, in which a material exhibits a permanent magnetic moment. Ferromagnetism was already known when ferroelectricity was discovered in 1920 in Rochelle salt by American physicist Joseph Valasek. Thus, the prefix ferro, meaning iron, was used to describe the property despite the fact that most ferroelectric materials do not contain iron. Materials that are both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic are known as multiferroics.

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Multiferroics are defined as materials that exhibit more than one of the primary ferroic properties in the same phase:

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, also commonly referred to as BFO in materials science) is an inorganic chemical compound with perovskite structure and one of the most promising multiferroic materials. The room-temperature phase of BiFeO3 is classed as rhombohedral belonging to the space group R3c. It is synthesized in bulk and thin film form and both its antiferromagnetic (G type ordering) Néel temperature (approximately 653 K) and ferroelectric Curie temperature are well above room temperature (approximately 1100K). Ferroelectric polarization occurs along the pseudocubic direction () with a magnitude of 90–95 μC/cm2.

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References

  1. 1 2 Nicola Spaldin at Library of Congress
  2. 1 2 "Marcel Benoist Foundation – Swiss Science Prize".
  3. ↑ Spaldin, Nicola Ann (2005). "Materials Science: The Renaissance of Magnetoelectric Multiferroics". Science . 309 (5733): 391–392. doi:10.1126/science.1113357. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   16020720. S2CID   118513837.(subscription required)
  4. 1 2 3 Nicola Spaldin publications indexed by Google Scholar OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  5. ↑ Nicola Spaldin's ORCID   0000-0003-0709-9499
  6. ↑ Spaldin, Nicola A. (2003). Magnetic materials: fundamentals and device applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521016582. OCLC   935635324.
  7. ↑ Nicola Spaldin publications from Europe PubMed Central
  8. ↑ Nicola Spaldin publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  9. ↑ Wang, J.; Neaton, J. B.; Zheng, H.; Nagarajan, V.; Ogale, S. B.; Liu, B.; Viehland, D.; Vaithyanathan, V.; Schlom, D. G. (2003). "Epitaxial BiFeO₃ Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures". Science . 299 (5613): 1719–1722. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1719W. doi:10.1126/science.1080615. hdl: 10220/7391 . ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   12637741. S2CID   4789558.(subscription required)
  10. ↑ Ramesh, R.; Spaldin, Nicola A. (2007). "Multiferroics: progress and prospects in thin films". Nature Materials . 6 (1): 21–29. Bibcode:2007NatMa...6...21R. doi:10.1038/nmat1805. PMID   17199122.(subscription required)
  11. ↑ Hill, Nicola Ann (1996). Calculating the electronic properties of semiconductor nanostructures. oskicat.berkeley.edu (PhD thesis). University of California, Berkeley. OCLC   36371687.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Nicola Spaldin Curriculum vitae". ethz.ch. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. retrieved 2015-06-16.
  13. ↑ Spaldin, Nicola A. (3 August 2017). "Fundamental Materials Research and the Course of Human Civilization". arXiv: 1708.01325 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci].
  14. 1 2 "Nicola Spaldin to receive the 2015 Körber Prize". koerber-stiftung.de. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. retrieved 2015-07-16
  15. ↑ Hill, Nicola Ann (2000). "Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics?". Journal of Physical Chemistry B . 104 (29): 6694–6709. doi:10.1021/jp000114x. ISSN   1520-6106.(subscription required)
  16. 1 2 Spaldin, Nicola (2015), "Multiferroics and me", In Person, Science , doi:10.1126/science.caredit.a1500156 .
  17. ↑ Zhao, T.; Scholl, A.; Zavaliche, F.; Lee, K.; Barry, M.; Doran, A.; Cruz, M. P.; Chu, Y. H.; Ederer, C.; Spaldin, N. A.; Das, R. R.; Kim, D. M.; Baek, S. H.; Eom, C. B.; Ramesh, R. (2006). "Electrical control of antiferromagnetic domains in multiferroic BiFeO3 films at room temperature". Nature Materials. 5 (10): 823–829. doi:10.1038/nmat1731. ISSN   1476-4660. PMID   16951676.
  18. ↑ Seidel, J.; Martin, L. W.; He, Q.; Zhan, Q.; Chu, Y.-H.; Rother, A.; Hawkridge, M. E.; Maksymovych, P.; Yu, P.; Gajek, M.; Balke, N.; Kalinin, S. V.; Gemming, S.; Wang, F.; Catalan, G. (2009). "Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics". Nature Materials. 8 (3): 229–234. Bibcode:2009NatMa...8..229S. doi:10.1038/nmat2373. ISSN   1476-4660. PMID   19169247.
  19. ↑ Zeches, R. J.; Rossell, M. D.; Zhang, J. X.; Hatt, A. J.; He, Q.; Yang, C.-H.; Kumar, A.; Wang, C. H.; Melville, A.; Adamo, C.; Sheng, G.; Chu, Y.-H.; Ihlefeld, J. F.; Erni, R.; Ederer, C. (13 November 2009). "A Strain-Driven Morphotropic Phase Boundary in BiFeO3". Science. 326 (5955): 977–980. doi:10.1126/science.1177046. PMID   19965507.
  20. ↑ Van Aken, Bas B.; Palstra, Thomas T. M.; Filippetti, Alessio; Spaldin, Nicola A. (2004). "The origin of ferroelectricity in magnetoelectric YMnO3". Nature Materials. 3 (3): 164–170. doi:10.1038/nmat1080. ISSN   1476-4660. PMID   14991018.
  21. ↑ Stengel, Massimiliano (2007). "Ab initio theory of metal-insulator interfaces in a finite electric field". Physical Review B. 75 (20): 205121. arXiv: cond-mat/0511042 . Bibcode:2007PhRvB..75t5121S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.205121.
  22. ↑ Stengel, Massimiliano; Spaldin, Nicola A. (2006). "Origin of the dielectric dead layer in nanoscale capacitors". Nature. 443 (7112): 679–682. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..679S. doi:10.1038/nature05148. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   17036000.
  23. ↑ Rondinelli, James M.; Stengel, Massimiliano; Spaldin, Nicola A. (2008). "Carrier-mediated magnetoelectricity in complex oxide heterostructures". Nature Nanotechnology. 3 (1): 46–50. arXiv: 0706.2199 . Bibcode:2008NatNa...3...46R. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.412. ISSN   1748-3395. PMID   18654450.
  24. ↑ Spaldin, Nicola A. (2013). "Monopole-based formalism for the diagonal magnetoelectric response". Physical Review B. 88 (9): 094429. arXiv: 1306.5396 . Bibcode:2013PhRvB..88i4429S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.88.094429.
  25. ↑ Weber, Sophie F. (2024). "Surface Magnetization in Antiferromagnets: Classification, Example Materials, and Relation to Magnetoelectric Responses". Physical Review X. 14 (2): 021033. arXiv: 2306.06631 . Bibcode:2024PhRvX..14b1033W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.14.021033.
  26. ↑ Bhowal, Sayantika (2024). "Ferroically Ordered Magnetic Octupoles in d-Wave Altermagnets". Physical Review X. 14 (1): 011019. Bibcode:2024PhRvX..14a1019B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.14.011019. hdl: 20.500.11850/661671 .
  27. ↑ Bhowal, Sayantika (2022). "Magnetoelectric Classification of Skyrmions". Physical Review Letters. 128 (22): 227204. arXiv: 2201.01667 . Bibcode:2022PhRvL.128v7204B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.227204. PMID   35714233.
  28. ↑ Juraschek, Dominik M. (2017). "Dynamical multiferroicity". Physical Review Materials. 1 (1): 014401. arXiv: 1612.06331 . Bibcode:2017PhRvM...1a4401J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.014401.
  29. ↑ Juraschek, Dominik M. (2019). "Orbital magnetic moments of phonons". Physical Review Materials. 3 (6): 064405. arXiv: 1812.05379 . Bibcode:2019PhRvM...3f4405J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.064405.
  30. ↑ Rushchanskii, K. Z.; Kamba, S.; Goian, V.; Vaněk, P.; Savinov, M.; Prokleška, J.; Nuzhnyy, D.; Knížek, K.; Laufek, F.; Eckel, S.; Lamoreaux, S. K.; Sushkov, A. O.; Ležaić, M.; Spaldin, N. A. (2010). "A multiferroic material to search for the permanent electric dipole moment of the electron". Nature Materials. 9 (8): 649–654. arXiv: 1002.0376 . Bibcode:2010NatMa...9..649R. doi:10.1038/nmat2799. ISSN   1476-4660. PMID   20639893.
  31. ↑ Meier, Q. N. (2017). "Global Formation of Topological Defects in the Multiferroic Hexagonal Manganites". Physical Review X. 7 (4): 041014. arXiv: 1703.08321 . Bibcode:2017PhRvX...7d1014M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041014.
  32. ↑ "2010 James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials Recipient: Nicola A. Spaldin". American Physical Society. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. . Retrieved 2015-07-16.
  33. ↑ "Rössler Prize • ETH Zürich Foundation". ETH Zürich Foundation. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  34. ↑ "Announcement of Laureates of 2017 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  35. ↑ "Lise Meitner Lecture - Nicola Spaldin: New Materials for a New Age". physik.univie.ac.at. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  36. ↑ Lise-Meitner-Lecture 2018 - Vortrag von Prof. Dr. Nicola Spaldin, 10 April 2018, retrieved 10 September 2019
  37. ↑ "Rössler laureate awarded Science Prize Marcel Benoist • ETH Zürich Foundation". ETH Zürich Foundation. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  38. ↑ "Commission C9 has announced the recipients of the 2021 IUPAP Magnetism Award and Néel Medal". 10 May 2021.
  39. ↑ "CMD Europhysics Prize".
  40. ↑ "Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics". Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  41. ↑ "Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2023 Symposium | University of Gothenburg". www.gu.se. 8 September 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  42. ↑ Anon (2017). "Professor Nicola Spaldin FRS". royalsociety.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
    "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License" -- "Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  43. ↑ "Nicola Spaldin". Members. Academia Europaea. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  44. ↑ "Members: SATW". 5 March 2024.
  45. ↑ "National Academy of Engineering Elects 86 Members and 18 Foreign Members". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  46. ↑ "Mitglieder".
  47. ↑ "External Members".
  48. ↑ "Fellows-ambassadeurs du CNRS: la seconde promotion dévoilée". 8 March 2024.
  49. ↑ "ERC President and Scientific Council".
  50. ↑ "Nicola Spaldin Selected as Lead Editor of *Physical Review Research*". Physical Review Research. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  51. ↑ "Golden Owl of the VSETH ETH Zürich".
  52. ↑ "Award for Best Teaching".
  53. ↑ "Nicola Spaldin's youtube Channel". YouTube .
  54. ↑ Spaldin, Nicola A. (2010). Magnetic Materials. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511781599. ISBN   9780521886697.
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