Nuphar sagittifolia

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Nuphar sagittifolia
Nuphar sagittifolia.jpg
Status TNC T2.svg
Imperiled  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nuphar
Section: Nuphar sect. Astylus
Species:
N. sagittifolia
Binomial name
Nuphar sagittifolia
(Walter) Pursh
Synonyms [2]
List
  • Nuphar lutea subsp. sagittifolia (Walter) Beal
  • Nymphaea sagittifolia Walter
  • Nymphozanthus sagittifolius (Walter) Fernald
  • Ropalon sagittatum (Walter) Raf.
  • Nuphar longifolia Sm.
  • Nymphaea hastata Michx. ex DC.
  • Nymphaea longifolia Michx.
  • Nymphaea sagittata Pers.

Nuphar sagittifolia, also known as Arrowleaf Pond-lily, Cape Fear spatterdock, [3] or Narrow-leaved Spatterdock, [4] is a perennial, [5] rhizomatous, aquatic [2] herb in the family Nymphaeaceae [5] with unique narrowly lanceolate leaves [6] known only from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. [2]

Contents

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Nuphar sagittifolia is a perennial, [5] rhizomatous, aquatic, [2] heterophyllous [7] herb [5] with 2–2.5 cm wide rhizomes. [8] Both floating and submerged leaves are present, but submerged leaves are more common. [9] [6] The crisped, [10] membranous submerged leaves are larger than the floating leaves. The glabrous, [11] green, linear to lanceolate floating leaf is 15–30(–50) cm long, and 5–10(–11.5) cm wide. [8] The subterete petiole is 1.5–7 mm wide. [10]

Generative characteristics

The yellow, [11] 2-3 cm wide flower [8] has a glabrous, 3–8 mm wide peduncle. [10] The flower has 6 sepals. [8] The yellow petals are thick and oblong. [10] The gynoecium consists of 11–15 carpels. [11] The almost entire, green, 14–18 mm wide stigmatic disk [8] has 11–15 stigmatic rays. The ovoid, [11] green, 3–3.5 cm long, and 2–3 cm wide fruit bears 4–5 mm long, [8] and 3 mm wide seeds. [10] Flowering and fruiting occurs from April to October. [7]

Taxonomy

It was first published as Nymphaea sagittifoliaWalter by Thomas Walter in 1788. [12] [13] It was placed into the genus NupharSm. as Nuphar sagittifolia(Walter) Pursh published by Frederick Traugott Pursh in 1813. [14] [15] [16] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus. [17]

Etymology

The specific epithet sagittifolia means having arrow-shaped leaves. [18] [19]

Habitat

It is aquatic, found in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers in the coastal plains [8] [10] in up to 2.1 m deep, acidic water. [9]

Conservation

The NatureServe conservation status is T2 Imperiled. [1] In Virginia, it is threatened. In North Carolina, it is placed on the Rare Plant Watch List. In South Carolina, it is also placed on the list of rare species. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Victoria</i> (plant) Genus of aquatic plants

Victoria or giant waterlily is a genus of aquatic herbs in the plant family Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves have a remarkable size: Victoria boliviana produces leaves up to 3.2 metres (10 ft) in width. The genus name was given in honour of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

<i>Nuphar</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Nuphar is a genus of aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae, with a temperate to subarctic Northern Hemisphere distribution. Common names include water-lily, pond-lily, alligator-bonnet or bonnet lily, and spatterdock.

<i>Nuphar lutea</i> Species of flowering plant

Nuphar lutea, the yellow water-lily, brandy-bottle, or spadderdock, is an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae, native to northern temperate and some subtropical regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. This species was used as a food source and in medicinal practices from prehistoric times with potential research and medical applications going forward.

<i>Nuphar advena</i> Species of aquatic plant

Nuphar advena is a species of Nuphar native throughout the eastern United States and in some parts of Canada, such as Nova Scotia, as well as Mexico and Cuba. It is locally naturalized in Britain.

<i>Nymphaea mexicana</i> Species of aquatic plant

Nymphaea mexicana is a species of aquatic plant that is native to the Southern United States and Mexico as far south as Michoacán. Common names include yellow water lily, Mexican water lily and banana water lily.

<i>Nuphar variegata</i> Species of aquatic plant

Nuphar variegata is rhizomatous, perennial, aquatic herb in the water lily family Nymphaeaceae native to much of Canada and the northernmost of the United States.

<i>Nuphar pumila</i> Species of flowering plant

Nuphar pumila, the least water-lily, is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb in the family Nymphaeaceae native to subarctic and temperate Eurasia.

<i>Nuphar polysepala</i> Species of flowering plant

Nuphar polysepala, also known as the great yellow pond-lily, wokas, or wocus, is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb in the genus Nuphar native to western North America. It is commonly found in shallow muddy ponds from northern Alaska and Yukon southward to central California and northern New Mexico, and can be recognized easily by its large floating leaves and bright yellow blossoms.

<i>Nuphar japonica</i> Species of flowering plant

Nuphar japonica, known as East Asian yellow water-lily, is a perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous, herb in the family Nymphaeaceae native to Japan, Korea, and Russia.

<i>Nuphar microphylla</i> Species of plant

Nuphar microphylla is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herb found in North America. It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut.

Nuphar ulvacea is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to the US-American states Alabama and Florida.

<i>Nuphar submersa</i> Species of perennial aquatic plant

Nuphar submersa is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant endemic to Japan.

Nuphar orbiculata is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to the US-American states Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.

<i>Nuphar <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> porphyranthera</i> Hybrid of perennial aquatic plant

Nuphar × porphyranthera is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to Great Britain. It is a hybrid of Nuphar lutea and Nuphar advena.

<i>Nuphar <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> rubrodisca</i> Species of perennial aquatic plant

Nuphar × rubrodisca is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to Canada and the USA. It is a natural hybrid of Nuphar variegata and Nuphar microphylla.

<i>Nymphaea pygmaea</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea pygmaea is a controversial species of perennial, aquatic herb in the family Nymphaeaceae native to Asia.

<i>Nymphaea <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Chamaenymphaea</i> Section of the genus Nymphaea in the family Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaea sect. Chamaenymphaea is a section within the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea of the genus Nymphaea native to North America, Asia, and Europe.

<i>Nuphar pumila <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> sinensis</i> Species of water lily

Nuphar pumila subsp. sinensis is a subspecies of Nuphar pumila native to China.

<i>Nuphar <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Astylus</i> Section of the genus Nuphar in the family Nymphaeaceae

Nuphar sect. Astylus is a section within the genus Nuphar native to North America.

<i>Nuphar <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Nuphar</i> Section of the genus Nuphar in the family Nymphaeaceae

Nuphar sect. Nuphar is a section within the genus Nuphar native to Eurasia, in addition to a single North American species Nuphar microphylla.

References

  1. 1 2 Nuphar lutea ssp. sagittifolia. (n.d.). NatureServe. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.152774/Nuphar_lutea_ssp_sagittifolia
  2. 1 2 3 4 Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:605464-1
  3. ↑ Narrowleaf Pond-lily - Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. (n.d.). Vascular Plants of North Carolina. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/species_account.php?id=1984
  4. ↑ Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. (n.d.-b). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3059
  5. 1 2 3 4 Cape Fear Spatterdock (Nuphar lutea ssp. sagittifolia). (n.d.). Center for Plant Conservation - Saving Plants From Extinction. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://saveplants.org/plant-profile/47235/Nuphar-lutea-ssp.-sagittifolia/Cape-Fear-Spatterdock/
  6. 1 2 Padgett, D. J. (1997). A biosystematic monograph of the genus Nuphar Sm.(Nymphaeaceae). University of New Hampshire.
  7. 1 2 3 Culatta, K. E. (2020). Taxonomy, Genetic Diversity, and Status Assessment of Nuphar sagittifolia (Nymphaeaceae). North Carolina State University.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nuphar sagittifolia in Flora of North America @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved February 4, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500819
  9. 1 2 Les, D. H. (2017). Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics. USA: CRC Press.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Padgett, Donald J. (January 2007). "A Monograph of Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae)1". Rhodora. 109 (937): 1–95. doi:10.3119/0035-4902(2007)109[1:amonn]2.0.co;2. ISSN   0035-4902.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Britton, Nathaniel Lord, & Brown, Addison. (1913). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian (Vol. 2). C. Scribner’s sons. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37754454
  12. ↑ Walter, Thomas, Fraser, J., & Wenman, Joseph. (1788). Flora caroliniana : secundum systema vegetabilium perillustris Linnaei digesta; characteres essentiales naturalesve et differentias veras exhibens; cum emendationibus numerosis: descriptionum antea evulgatarum: adumbrationes stirpium plus mille continens: necnon, generibus novis non paucis, speciebus plurimis novisq. ornata (p. 155). Sumptibus J. Fraser Prostant venales apud J. Wenman, in Vico vulgo dicto Fleet-street. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10001223
  13. ↑ Nymphaea sagittifolia Walter. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/605702-1
  14. ↑ Pursh, Frederick. (1814). Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or, A systematic arrangement and description of the plants of North America. Containing, besides what have been described by preceding authors, many new and rare species, collected during twelve years travels and residence in that country (Vol. 2, p. 370). Printed for White, Cochrance, and co. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49810843
  15. ↑ Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-s). Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh. Tropicos. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/22600093
  16. ↑ Nuphar sagittifolia Pursh. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/605464-1
  17. ↑ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=412220. Accessed 4 February 2025.
  18. ↑ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.-c). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 4, 2025, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=sagitt
  19. ↑ Ilieva, I. A. (2023). Specific botanical epithets meaning likeness. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 15(3), 110-126.
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