Nyctibatrachus

"Night frog" redirects here. For the frog found in Africa, see Night frog (Africa).

Nyctibatrachus
Unidentified Nyctibatrachus from Phanasad Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Nyctibatrachidae
Subfamily:	Nyctibatrachinae Blommers-Schlösser, 1995
Genus:	Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882
Species
See text

Nyctibatrachus is a genus of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Their common name is night frogs. ^{[1] [2]} Their scientific name also means "night frog", in reference to their habits and dark color. They are the only extant members of the monotypic subfamily Nyctibatrachinae. ^[3] Currently, 35 species belong to Nyctibatrachus. ^[4]

Description

Members of the genus Nyctibatrachus are robust-bodied frogs that range in size from small (snout–vent length <13 mm in Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei) ^[5] to relatively large (up to 84 mm Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis ). The especially small species are among the smallest of all Indian frogs. ^[4] They have a concealed tympanum, dorsum with longitudinal skin folds, femoral glands, and expanded finger and toes disks. They occur near streams in hilly evergreen forests ^[6] and are nocturnal. ^[7] Most species have amplexus but Nyctibatrachus humayuni does not; in this species the male moves over the eggs after the female has deposited them. ^[6]

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Nyctibatrachus: ^[1]

• Nyctibatrachus acanthodermis Biju et al., 2011 ^[7] – spinular night frog
• Nyctibatrachus aliciae Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
• Nyctibatrachus anamallaiensis (Myers, 1942)
• Nyctibatrachus athirappillyensis Garg et al., 2017 ^[5]
• Nyctibatrachus beddomii (Boulenger, 1882)
• Nyctibatrachus danieli Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, and Bhatta, 2008
• Nyctibatrachus deccanensis Dubois, 1984
• Nyctibatrachus gavi Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus grandis Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus humayuni Bhaduri and Kripalani, 1955 – Bombay night frog
• Nyctibatrachus indraneili Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus jog Biju et al., 2011 ^[7] – Jog night frog
• Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Manjunatha Reddy, and Gururaja, 2007 ^[8]
• Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis (Rao, 1937)
• Nyctibatrachus kumbara Gururaja, Dinesh, Priti, and Ravikanth, 2014
• Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882 – Malabar night frog
• Nyctibatrachus manalari Garg, 2017 ^[5]
• Nyctibatrachus mewasinghi Krutha, Dahanukar, and Molur, 2017
• Nyctibatrachus minimus Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Giri, Roelants, Nagaraju, and Bossuyt, 2007
• Nyctibatrachus minor Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
• Nyctibatrachus petraeus Das and Kunte, 2005
• Nyctibatrachus pillaii Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus poocha Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus pulivijayani Garg, 2017 ^[5]
• Nyctibatrachus radcliffei Garg, 2017 ^[5]
• Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei Garg, 2017 ^[5]
• Nyctibatrachus sabarimalai Garg, 2017 ^[5]
• Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris Rao, 1920
• Nyctibatrachus shiradi Biju et al., 2011 ^[7]
• Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus Rao, 1937 – forest night frog
• Nyctibatrachus tunga Kumar, Vishwajith, Anish, Dayananda, Gururaja & Priti, 2022 ^[9]
• Nyctibatrachus vasanthi Ravichandran, 1997
• Nyctibatrachus vrijeuni Biju et al., 2011 ^[7] – VUB night frog
• Nyctibatrachus webilla Garg, 2017 ^[5]

References

1. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
2. "Nyctibatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
3. Blommers-Schlösser, Rose M. A. (1 July 1993). "Systematic relationships of the Mantellinae Laurent 1946 (Anura Ranoidea)". Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 5 (2): 199–218. Bibcode:1993EtEcE...5..199B. doi:10.1080/08927014.1993.9523105. ISSN   0394-9370.
4. Garg, Sonali; Suyesh, Robin; Sukesan, Sandeep; Biju, S. D. (21 February 2017). "Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms". PeerJ. 5: e3007. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3007 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   5322763 . PMID   28243532.
5. Garg, Sonali; Suyesh, Robin; Sukesan, Sandeep; Biju, SD (21 February 2017). "Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms". PeerJ. 5: e3007. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3007 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   5322763 . PMID   28243532.
6. Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 509–510.
7. Biju, S.D., Van Bocxlaer, I., Mahony, S., Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnan, C., Zachariah, A., Giri, V., and Bossuyt, F. (2011). "A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3029: 1–96. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3029.1.1.
8. Dinesh, K.P., C. Radhakrishnan, A.H. Manjunatha Reddy and K.V. Gururaja (2007). "Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis nom. nov., a replacement name for the Giant Wrinkled Frog from the Western Ghats" (PDF). Current Science. 93 (2): 246–250.
9. Kumar, K.S. Pavan; Vishwajith, H.U.; Anisha, Anand; Dayananda, G.Y.; Gururaja, Kotambylu Vasudeva; Priti, Hebbar (15 November 2022). "A new cryptic species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) with description of its tadpole from the central Western Ghats, India" . Zootaxa. 5209 (1): 69–92. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.4. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   37045404. S2CID   253537588.