Olive-backed pocket mouse | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Rodentia |
Family: | Heteromyidae |
Genus: | Perognathus |
Species: | P. fasciatus |
Binomial name | |
Perognathus fasciatus Wied-Neuwied, 1839 | |
The olive-backed pocket mouse (Perognathus fasciatus) is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. [2] It is found in the central Great Plains of Canada and the United States where it is widespread and relatively common; the IUCN considers it to be of "least concern".
An adult olive-backed pocket mouse ranges in length from about 125 to 143 mm (4.9 to 5.6 in) including a tail of 56 to 68 mm (2.2 to 2.7 in), with individuals from the northern end of the range being larger than those from the south. It weighs 11 to 14 g (0.4 to 0.5 oz). The fur on the head, back and sides ranges from dark olive-brown in the eastern part of its range to pale buff in the west. The underparts are white, or occasionally buff, with a narrow cream-colored lateral line separating the two colors. There is a buff-colored spot behind the ear. [3]
The olive-backed pocket mouse inhabits the Great Plains of Canada and the United States. Its range extends from Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba southwards through Montana and Wyoming to Utah, Colorado and South Dakota. [1] Its natural habitat is grassland in arid and semi-arid upland areas, usually with sparse vegetation and sometimes with scattered trees such as the aspen or cottonwood (Populus sp.) and plants such as the fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida). It has also been observed on a sandy floodplain close to the Little Missouri and among rocky outcrops on grassy hillsides in the same vicinity. On similar hillsides in Nebraska, the vegetation included yucca and ponderosa pine. Its burrows are found in both sandy and clayey soils. [3]
The olive-backed pocket mouse is nocturnal and lives underground in an extensive burrow system with tunnels that may reach a depth of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and spread for 3 m (9.8 ft) on either side of the entrance. The major part of the diet is seeds of weed species which are collected in the cheek pouches, the excess being stored in chambers in the burrow. It also consumes some green parts of plants. Breeding takes place during the summer months and one or more litters of usually four to six young are produced. The gestation period is about thirty days. In some regions it is reported not to hibernate, [3] but in Alberta it may spend up to eight months in hibernation. The extensive caches of seeds in the burrow can help sustain the pocket mouse during the autumn, winter and early spring when it does not emerge above ground. [4] Mice kept in captivity were found to hide seeds below the surface of the soil, appearing to find the caches again at a later date by smell, probing the soil with their snout. They were also seen cleaning their cheek pouches by emptying them of food and rubbing them in the sand. [3]
The olive-backed pocket mouse is widely distributed across the central Great Plains region of Canada and the United States. It is present in many protected areas, it is locally common, it faces no major threats and its population seems to be steady. For these reasons, the IUCN has listed the species as being of "least concern". [1]
Kangaroo rats, small mostly nocturnal rodents of genus Dipodomys, are native to arid areas of western North America. The common name derives from their bipedal form. They hop in a manner similar to the much larger kangaroo, but developed this mode of locomotion independently, like several other clades of rodents.
Heteromyidae is a family of rodents consisting of kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice and spiny pocket mice. Most heteromyids live in complex burrows within the deserts and grasslands of western North America, though species within the genus Heteromys are also found in forests and their range extends as far south as northern South America. They feed mostly on seeds and other plant parts, which they carry in their fur-lined cheek pouches to their burrows.
Perognathus is a genus of pocket mouse. Like other members of their family they are more closely related to pocket gophers than to true mice.
The plains pocket mouse is a heteromyid rodent of North America. It ranges from southwestern Minnesota and southeastern North Dakota to northern Texas east of the Rockies, and from northern Utah and Colorado to northern Chihuahua west of the Rockies.
Perognathinae is a subfamily of rodents consisting of two genera of pocket mice. Most species live in complex burrows within the deserts and grasslands of western North America, They feed mostly on seeds and other plant parts, which they carry in their fur-lined cheek pouches to their burrows.
The desert pocket mouse is a North American species of heteromyid rodent found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. True to its common name, the medium-sized desert pocket mouse prefers sandy, sparsely vegetated desert environments.
The Arizona pocket mouse is a rodent native to the Sonoran desert. It is a small mouse with a thinly furred tail that is smooth from base to tip. In color it ranges from tan to orange. It is a nocturnal, burrowing animal. It eats seeds, which it carries back to its burrow in its cheek pouches.
The little desert pocket mouse is a species of small rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is endemic to Baja California in Mexico.
Bailey's pocket mouse is a species of rodent of the subfamily Perognathinae, family Heteromyidae. It is found in Baja California, Sinaloa and Sonora in Mexico and in California, Arizona and New Mexico in the United States.
The San Diego pocket mouse is a rodent species in the family Heteromyidae. It occupies the northern region of Baja California near San Diego extending into Mexico.
Nelson's pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in Mexico and in New Mexico and Texas in United States. It is named in honor of the American naturalist Edward William Nelson.
Merriam's kangaroo rat is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. The species name commemorates Clinton Hart Merriam. It is found in the Upper and Lower Sonoran life zones of the southwestern United States, Baja California, and northern Mexico.
The banner-tailed kangaroo rat is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in arid environments in the southwestern United States and Mexico where it lives in a burrow by day and forages for seeds and plant matter by night.
The painted spiny pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in Mexico and the northern tip of Guatemala. It was formerly placed in the genus Liomys, which is now recognized to be paraphyletic and has been subsumed into Heteromys.
The silky pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in northern and central Mexico and the southwest region of the United States. It is a species of least concern, according to the IUCN, with no known major threats. The silky pocket mouse eats seeds, succulent parts of plants and nuts, and carries food in its cheek pouches. It lives in low valley bottoms with soft soils, among weeds and shrubs, where it burrows in the sand to bury seed caches. The species is more tolerant of harsh habitat conditions than other pocket mice.
The San Joaquin pocket mouse or Salinas pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is endemic to California in the United States where it lives in desert and semi-desert habitats.
The little pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in Baja California and Sonora in Mexico and in Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Utah in the United States. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is a common species and faces no particular threats and the IUCN has listed it as being of "least concern".
Merriam's pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in northeast Mexico and New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas in the United States. Its habitat is shortgrass prairie, desert areas with scrub and arid shrubland. The species is named to honor Clinton Hart Merriam, a biologist who first described several other members of the genus Perognathus, and first elucidated the principle of a "life zone" as a means of characterizing ecological areas with similar plant and animal communities.
The Great Basin pocket mouse is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in British Columbia in Canada and the western United States.
The Pacific pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris pacificus, is endemic to California. It lives in sandy coastal soils of the coastal sage scrub ecoregion. It eats seeds and some insects. It was believed to be extinct until 1993, when a small population was discovered. It is now a federally listed Endangered animal species.