Olive-backed quail-dove

Olive-backed quail-dove
Illustration by Joseph Smit, 1876
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Genus:	Leptotrygon Banks et al., 2013
Species:	L. veraguensis
Binomial name
Leptotrygon veraguensis (Lawrence, 1866)
Synonyms
Geotrygon veraguensis

The olive-backed quail-dove (Leptotrygon veraguensis) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama. ^{[2] [3]}

Taxonomy and systematics

The olive-backed quail-dove was originally assigned to genus Geotrygon and even earlier to Oreopeleia, but a 2013 paper provided the basis for its present assignment. The American Ornithological Society (AOS) made the change in 2014 and the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) in 2015. ^{[4] [5] [6] [2]} It is the only species in its genus.

Zenaidini  Geotrygon – 9 species Leptotila – 11 species Leptotrygon – olive-backed quail-dove Zenaida – 7 species Zentrygon – 8 species

Cladogram showing the position of genera in the tribe Zenaidini. [7] [8]

An olive-backed quail-dove in the wild

Description

The male olive-backed quail-dove is 21 to 24.5 cm (8.3 to 9.6 in) long and the female 21 to 22 cm (8.3 to 8.7 in). They weigh about 155 g (5.5 oz). The adult's forehead is white transitioning to a gray crown and purple hindcrown, nape, and neck. A broad white stripe under the eye has a narrower black stripe under it. The upperparts are dark olive brown or purplish brown. The throat is white and the belly white or buffy white, with reddish buff flanks. The neck, breast, and upperparts have a greenish or purplish iridescence. The sexes are generally alike though the female may sometimes have a buff forehead and crown. Juveniles are similar as well but their feathers have rusty fringes and they have no iridescence. ^[3]

Distribution and habitat

The olive-backed quail dove is found on the Caribbean slope of far southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, and also the Pacific slope of eastern Panama through western Colombia into northern Ecuador's Esmeraldas Province. It inhabits dense wet forest, particularly wet ravines, from sea level to 900 m (3,000 ft). ^[3]

Behavior

Movement

The olive-backed quail-dove is a year round resident in its range. It prefers to walk or run when fleeing from danger, but sometimes flushes for short distances if disturbed. ^[3]

Feeding

The olive-backed quail-dove forages singly or in pairs, searching the understory or on the ground for seeds, fruits, and small invertebrates. ^[3]

Breeding

The olive-backed quail-dove's breeding season spans January to July in Costa Rica, and breeding evidence has been recorded between those months elsewhere in its range. It makes a bulky nest of twigs and rootlets in vegetation, usually about 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) of the ground. The clutch size is two. ^[3]

Vocalization

Songs and calls Listen to olive-backed quail-dove on xeno-canto

The olive-backed quail-dove's song is "a low-pitched short single note 'whOuw', with a rather frog-like quality." ^[3]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the olive-backed quail-dove as being of Least Concern. ^[1] It is common in parts of its range, but "[d]eforestation undoubtedly poses a threat to this species." ^[3]

References

1. BirdLife International (2020). "Olive-backed Quail-dove Leptotrygon veraguensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
2. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)" . Retrieved July 14, 2021.
3. Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, and H. M. Horblit (2020). Olive-backed Quail-Dove (Leptotrygon veraguensis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.obqdov1.01 retrieved September 20, 2021
4. Banks, R.C.; Weckstein, J.D.; Remsen Jr, J.V.; Johnson, K.P. (2013). "Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)". Zootaxa. 3669 (2): 184–188. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3669.2.11. PMID   26312335.
5. "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. June 29, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
6. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
7. Banks, R.C.; Weckstein, J.D.; Remsen Jr, J.V.; Johnson, K.P. (2013). "Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)". Zootaxa. 3669 (2): 184–188. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3669.2.11.
8. Johnson, K.P.; Weckstein, J.D. (2011). "The Central American land bridge as an engine of diversification in New World doves". Journal of Biogeography. 38: 1069–1076. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02501.x.