Opisthostoma

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Opisthostoma
Pteroptyx tener and Plectostoma fraternum.png
Pteroptyx tener larva attacking Opisthostoma fraternum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked):clade Caenogastropoda
informal group Architaenioglossa
Superfamily: Cyclophoroidea
Family: Diplommatinidae
Genus:Opisthostoma
Blanford & Blanford, 1860

Opisthostoma is a genus of minute land snails with opercula, terrestrial gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Diplommatinidae.

A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

Land snail

A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells. However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water.

Operculum (gastropod) A hard structure which closes the aperture of a gastropod when the animal retreats into the shell

The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure like a trapdoor which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails; the structure is found in some marine and freshwater gastropods, and in a minority of terrestrial gastropods, including the families Helicinidae, Cyclophoridae, Aciculidae, Maizaniidae, Pomatiidae, etc.

Contents

Species

Species in the genus Opisthostoma include: [1]

Opisthostoma sensu stricto

Opisthostoma bihamulatum is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae. It is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Opisthostoma decrespignyi is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae. This species is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Opisthostoma dormani is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Synonyms

Plectostoma was treated as a subgenus of Opisthostoma. In a 2014 revision, Plectostoma is treated as a separate genus. [2]

<i>Opisthostoma everettii</i> species of snail

Opisthostoma everettii is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

<i>Opisthostoma goniostoma</i> species of mollusc

Opisthostoma goniostoma is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

<i>Opisthostoma grandispinosum</i> species of mollusc

Opisthostoma grandispinosum is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Related Research Articles

<i>Opisthostoma fraternum</i> species of mollusc

Opisthostoma fraternum is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae. It is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Opisthostoma mirabile</i> species of mollusc

Opisthostoma mirabile is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Opisthostoma otostoma is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Opisthostoma perspectivum is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae. This species is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Diplommatinidae family of molluscs

Diplommatinidae is a family of small land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The Cochlostomatinae Kobelt, 1902, were previously considered a subfamily of the Diplommatinidae, but are now known to be a separate family.

Opisthostoma vermiculum is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Diplommatinidae. The shell possesses four different coiling axes; the most for any known living gastropod. This member of the Diplommatinidae family is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is tropical limestone outcrops.

Everettia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Dyakiidae.

<i>Atopos</i> genus of molluscs

Atopos is a genus of carnivorous air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Rathouisiidae.

<i>Plectostoma concinnum</i> species of mollusc

Plectostoma concinnum is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

<i>Plectostoma laidlawi</i> species of mollusc

Plectostoma laidlawi is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Plectostoma sciaphilum was a species of land snail in the family Diplommatinidae. This species was originally found on a single limestone karst at Bukit Panching, in Peninsular Malaysia. In 2007, this karst was quarried, thus destroying the only known site of occurrence for this species. Plectostoma species are allopatric, being in found in dozens of isolated karst hills where few species occur, meaning that limited gene flow exists and only negligible hybridization occurs. Shell is distinctly convex, tuba shape similar to that of Plectostoma senex and P. turriforme, but this species lacks basal constriction teeth. Shell height: 2.6–2.9 mm, width: 1.5–1.6 mm.

<i>Acmella nana</i> species of plant

Acmella nana is a species of land snail discovered from Borneo, Malaysia, in 2015. It was described by Jaap J. Vermeulen of the JK Art and Science in Leiden, Thor-Seng Liew of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah, and Menno Schilthuizen of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden. It was named nana due to its minute size. Measuring only 0.7 millimeters in size, it is the smallest known land snail as of 2015. It surpasses the earlier record attributed to Angustopila dominikae, which is 0.86 mm in size, described from China in September 2015.

<i>Acmella</i> (gastropod) genus of molluscs

Acmella is a genus of minute, land snails with an operculum, gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks, in the family Assimineidae.

<i>Plectostoma obliquedentatum</i> species of Gastropoda

Plectostoma obliquedentatum is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Henrigirardia wienini is a species of terrestrial gastropod in the family Moitessieriidae endemic to caves near Aniane, France. It is the sole species in the genus Henrigirardia. H. wienini inhabits subterranean waters in two localities in the Fontanilles cave-river, and the type locality in the Herault Valley. It is listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered with the caveat 'possibly extinct' on IUCN criterion B1ab(iii) due to threats from ongoing water abstraction for domestic and agricultural purposes. Although it is not as significant or possibly not present, agricultural and domestic pollution can be dangerous to subterranean species. Specimens grow to 1.5mm, and have a characteristic thrown-out last whorl and aperture. The tuba ends on an out turned aperture that reflexes up to 90 degrees upwards.

References

  1. Schilthuizen M. (2003). "Sexual selection on land snail shell ornamentation: a hypothesis that may explain shell diversity". BMC Evolutionary Biology 3: 13. doi : 10.1186/1471-2148-3-13.
  2. Liew T. S., Vermeulen J. J., bin Marzuki M. E. & Schilthuizen M. (2014). "A cybertaxonomic revision of the micro-landsnail genus Plectostoma Adam (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae), from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Indochina". Zookeys , e393. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.393.6717.

Further reading

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