| Oreonectes | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Nemacheilidae |
| Genus: | Oreonectes Günther, 1868 |
| Type species | |
| Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868 | |
Oreonectes is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found in the rivers and caves of Asia. [1] Many of these species are troglobitic. [1] [2]
There are currently 15 recognized species in this genus: [2]
Acrossocheilus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae, native to freshwater in China, Taiwan, Laos, and Vietnam. They are fairly small, no more than 30 cm (1 ft) in standard length.
Schizothorax is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, S. prophylax, in Turkey. They are primarily found in highland rivers, streams and lakes, although a few species occur in lower-lying locations, like Lake Balkhash and lakes of the Sistan Basin. Their scientific name means "cloven-breast", from Ancient Greek schízeïn (σχίζειν) 'to cleave' and thórax (θώραξ) 'breast-plate'. The western species are typically referred to as marinkas from their Russian name marinka (маринка), while the eastern species are usually called snowtrout. Although they do resemble trouts in habitus this is merely due to convergent evolution and they are by no means closely related apart from both being Teleostei: Cyprinids are in the teleost superorder Ostariophysi, while trouts are in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the Triassic, more than 200 million years ago.
Sinocyclocheilus is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae that is endemic to Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan in China. Almost all of its species live in or around caves and most of these have adaptions typical of cavefish such as a lack of scales, lack of pigmentation and reduced eyes. Several species have an unusual hunchbacked appearance and some of the cave-dwellers have a "horn" on the back, the function of which is unclear. In contrast, the Sinocyclocheilus species that live aboveground, as well as a few found underground, show no clear cavefish adaptions. They are relatively small fish reaching up to 23 cm (9.1 in) in length. The individual species have small ranges and populations, leading to the status of most of the evaluated species as threatened. Many species populations in the genus have yet to be evaluated by the IUCN.
Protocobitis is a genus of loaches endemic to Guangxi in China and living in caves.
Schistura is a genus of fish in the stone loach family Nemacheilidae native to the streams and rivers of the southern and eastern Asia. Some of these species are troglobitic.
Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, as well as inland waters of the larger part of central Asia. They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of nuptial tubercles on breeding males. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera, but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.
Yunnanilus is a genus of small stone loaches that are endemic to southeastern China, especially Guangxi and Yunnan. They are found in rivers, streams and lakes; some species are restricted to caves.
Oreonectes retrodorsalis is a species of stone loach. This cavefish is found only in Guangxi in China. Some authorities places this species in the genus Yunnanilus rather than Oreonectes. The specific name is a compound of the Latin words retro meaning back or past and dorsalis meaning "the back", referring to the placement of the dorsal fin closer to base of the caudal fin than to the tip of snout.
Balitora is a genus of fish in the family Balitoridae endemic to Asia.
Triplophysa siluroides is a large species of stone loach, which is endemic to the upper parts of the Yellow River basin in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan.
Loaches are fish of the superfamily Cobitoidea. They are freshwater, benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish found in rivers and creeks throughout Eurasia and northern Africa. Loaches are among the most diverse groups of fish; the 1249 known species of Cobitoidea comprise about 107 genera divided among 9 families.
Erromyzon is a genus of fish in the family Gastromyzontidae endemic to China and Vietnam.
Heminoemacheilus is a small genus of stone loaches endemic to Guangxi in China and only living in caves.
Homatula is a genus of stone loaches endemic to China.
Bibarba is a genus of loach that is found in the Chengjiang River and Hongshuihe River in China.
Microphysogobio is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae native to East Asia.
Yaoshania pachychilus, the panda loach, is a species of gastromyzontid loach endemic to mountain streams in Jinxiu County, Guangxi in China. This species grows to a length of 5.8 centimetres (2.3 in) SL. This species is monotypic, but it was formerly included in Protomyzon. Juveniles are strikingly coloured in black-and-white, but adults are relatively plain. Y. pachychilus quickly became a popular aquarium fish in the 2010s.
Troglonectes is a genus of troglobitic fish in the family Nemacheilidae, native to caves of Asia. Fishbase and other authorities place these species in the genus Oreonectes.
Bibarba parvoculus is a cave-dwelling species of loach endemic to a karst cave in Guangxi in southern China. Its only known congener is the surface-dwelling Bibarba bibarba, from which it is believed to have evolutionarily split in the Early Miocene.
Oreonectes elongatus is a species of cyprinid of the genus Oreonectes. It inhabits Guangxi, China and has 9 dorsal soft rays, 7 anal soft rays and 38 or 39 vertebrae. Unsexed males have a maximum length of 7.8 centimetres (3.1 in) and it is considered harmless to humans. It has not been evaluated on the IUCN Red List and was described by Tang, Zhao and Zhang in 2012.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)  | This Nemacheilidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |