Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church, Yerkalo | |
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Catholic Church of Yerkalo | |
鹽井聖心聖母堂 | |
Location | Yerkalo, Chamdo, Tibet |
Country | China |
Denomination | Roman Catholic |
History | |
Status | Church |
Founded | 1865 |
Founder(s) | Félix Biet Auguste Desgodins |
Dedication | Our Lady of the Sacred Heart |
Architecture | |
Functional status | Active |
Style | Tibetan |
Administration | |
Archdiocese | Chongqing |
Diocese | Kangding [1] |
Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church, [lower-alpha 1] commonly referred to as Catholic Church of Yerkalo [2] or Yanjing Catholic Church, [lower-alpha 2] is a Catholic church located in Yerkalo (Tibetan : ཚ་ཁ་ལྷོ, Wylie : tsha kha lho, THL : Tsakalo, lit. 'salt pit'), a village between 2650 and 3109 meters above sea level at the southern end of Markham County (Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region) in present-day China.
It was founded as a chapel in 1865 by Félix Biet and Auguste Desgodins, French missionaries of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, and dedicated to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, [3] [4] patroness of the parish of Yerkalo. [5]
The church is referenced in Adrien Launay's Histoire de la Mission du Thibet as Chapelle de Notre-Dame du Sacré-Cœur. The mission of Yerkalo was based in Xinjiang but some of its missionaries opted to proselytize in Tibet. Within a few years, Tibetan marauders supported by Buddhist lamas killed 10 priests and destroyed all but one Catholic mission which was based in Yerkalo. [6]
In 1939, the parish of Yerkalo received devotional statues of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart and of Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus. [7]
According to the Xinhua news agency, the establishment of a small Catholic parish in Tibet was not an easy task. Enmity from the local Tibetan Buddhist monks from the Karma Gon Monastery culminated in the killing of one of Father Biet's successors, Maurice Tornay in August 11, 1949. [6]
The exterior of the church features traditional Tibetan design while the interior has European Gothic designs. The church holds weekly services in the Tibetan language. As of 2014, the church had one priest, two sisters and serves a estimated 559 worshippers around the area. [8]
Évariste Régis Huc, C.M., also known as the Abbé Huc (1813–1860), was a French Catholic priest, Lazarite missionary, and traveller. He became famous for his accounts of Qing-era China, Mongolia, and especially the then-almost-unknown Tibet in his book Remembrances of a Journey in Tartary, Tibet, and China. He and his companion Joseph Gabet were the first Europeans who had reached Lhasa since Thomas Manning in 1812.
Shangri-La is a fictional place in Tibet's Kunlun Mountains, described in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by English author James Hilton. Hilton portrays Shangri-La as a mystical, harmonious valley, gently guided from a lamasery, enclosed in the western end of the Kunlun Mountains. Shangri-La has become synonymous with any earthly paradise, particularly a mythical Himalayan utopia – an enduringly happy land, isolated from the world. In the novel, the people who live in Shangri-La are almost immortal, living hundreds of years beyond the normal lifespan and only very slowly aging in appearance.
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The main religion in Tibet has been Buddhism since its outspread in the 8th century AD. As of 2022 the historical region of Tibet is mostly comprised in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) of China and partly in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Sichuan. Before the arrival of Buddhism, the main religion among Tibetans was an indigenous shamanic and animistic religion, Bon, which would later influence the formation of Tibetan Buddhism and still attracts the allegiance of a sizeable minority of Tibetans.
Félix Biet, MEP was a French Catholic prelate who served as the Apostolic Vicar of Tibet from 1878 to 1901. He was a member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society and also a naturalist.
Auguste Desgodins, MEP was a French member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society who attempted to enter into Tibet in the early 1860s.
Joseph Gabet was a French Catholic Lazarite missionary. He was active in Northern China and Mongolia before traveling to Tibet with Évariste Huc. Expelled and arrested, he died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Jean-André Soulié, MEP was a French Catholic missionary sent to East Tibet of Qing China. He was killed in a 1905 anti-Catholic revolt. He was a member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society.
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The Catholic Church is a minority religious organization in Tibet, where Tibetan Buddhism is the faith of the majority of people. Its origin dates from the 17th century, when António de Andrade, a Portuguese Jesuit through Jesuit missions in Tibet, introduced Catholicism into the Kingdom of Guge in western Tibet.
Nicolas Michel Krick was a priest from Lorraine who became a missionary with the Paris Foreign Missions Society in 1848. He was murdered with Augustin Bourry while attempting to reach Tibet.
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