Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)

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Oxyphil cell
Parathyroid oxyphil and chief cells - annotated.jpg
High magnification micrograph of parathyroid gland, stained using H&E stain. The cells with orange/pink staining cytoplasm are oxyphil cells
Details
Location Parathyroid gland
Identifiers
TH H3.08.02.5.00005
FMA 69084
Anatomical terms of microanatomy

Parathyroid oxyphil cells, also named oncocytes , [1] are one out of the two types of cells found in the parathyroid secretory organ, the other being parathyroid chief cell. [2] Oxyphil cells are only found in a select few number of species and humans are one of them. [3]

Contents

These cells can be found in clusters in the center of the section and at the periphery. [4] [5] [6] [7] Oxyphil cells appear at the onset of pubescence, but have no known function. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may be derived from chief cells at puberty, as they are not present at birth like chief cells. [8] Oxyphil cells increase in number with age. [9]

Although the terms oncocyte, oxyphil cell, and Hürthle cell are used interchangeably, "Hürthle cell" is used only to indicate cells of thyroid follicular origin. [10]

Structure

Oxyphil cells may be binucleated and proteins found within their cytoplasms are basic, resulting in acidophilic cytoplasms. Cytochemically, oxyphil cells and C cells are fairly similar. [11] Oxyphil cells are much larger in size (12–20 μm) compared with chief cells (6–8 μm) and also stain lighter than chief cells. [12] Oxyphil cells have a cytoplasm filled with many, large mitochondria. Oxyphil cells have abundant cytoplasmic glycogen and ribosomes that are interspersed betwixt the mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatuses, and secretory granules are poorly developed in oxyphil cells of normal parathyroid glands [3]

Function

With nuclear medicine scans, they selectively take up the Technetium-sestamibi complex radiotracer to leave delineation of glandular anatomy. [13]

Oxyphil cells have been shown to express parathyroid gland-relevant genes found in the chief cells and have the potential to produce additional autocrine/paracrine factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and calcitriol. [12] Oxyphil cells have also been shown to have higher oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme activity than chief cells due to having more mitochondria. [3] Oxyphil cells have significantly more calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) than top dog cells. [14] More work needs to be done to fully understand the functions of these cells and their secretions.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cells MeSH Descriptor Data 2025
  2. ↑ Histology image:15002loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0195151732.
  3. 1 2 3 Haschek, Wanda M.; Rousseaux, Colin G.; Wallig, Matthew A. (2010). Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-02051-0. ISBN   978-0-12-370469-6.[ page needed ]
  4. ↑ Gartner, p. 208, Fig. 3[ full citation needed ]
  5. ↑ Ross, p. 628, Fig. 1[ full citation needed ]
  6. ↑ DiFiore, pp. 270 - 271[ full citation needed ]
  7. ↑ Wheater, pp. 312 - 313[ full citation needed ]
  8. ↑ Baloch, Zubair W.; Livolsi, Virginia A. (2015). "Parathyroids: Morphology and Pathology". The Parathyroids. pp. 23–36. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397166-1.00001-1. ISBN   978-0-12-397166-1.
  9. ↑ Nowak, F.V.; Mooradian, A.D. (2007). "Endocrine Function and Dysfunction". Encyclopedia of Gerontology. pp. 480–494. doi:10.1016/B0-12-370870-2/00061-5. ISBN   978-0-12-370870-0.
  10. ↑ Cannon, Jennifer (October 2011). "The Significance of Hürthle Cells in Thyroid Disease". The Oncologist. 16 (10): 1380–1387. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0253.
  11. ↑ Roediger, W. E. W. (November 1975). "The oxyphil and C cells of the human thyroid gland.A cytochemical and histopathologic review". Cancer. 36 (5): 1758–1770. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197511)36:5<1758::aid-cncr2820360531>3.0.co;2-j .
  12. 1 2 Ritter, Cynthia S.; Haughey, Bruce H.; Miller, Brent; Brown, Alex J. (August 2012). "Differential Gene Expression by Oxyphil and Chief Cells of Human Parathyroid Glands". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 97 (8): E1499 –E1505. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3366. PMC   3591682 . PMID   22585091.
  13. ↑ Untch, Brian R.; Barfield, Michael E.; Bason, Joe; Olson, John A. (December 2007). "Minimally Invasive Radio-guided Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism". Annals of Surgical Oncology. 14 (12): 3401–3402. doi:10.1245/s10434-007-9519-0.
  14. ↑ Rottembourg, Jacques (2019). "Are oxyphil cells responsible for the ineffectiveness of cinacalcet hydrochloride in haemodialysis patients?". Clinical Kidney Journal. 12 (3): 433–436. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfy062. PMC   6543953 . PMID   31198545.


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