PKS 0537-441

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PKS 0537-441
Image of PKS 0537-441.jpg
The blazar PKS 0537-441
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation Pictor
Right ascension 05h 38m 50.361s
Declination −44° 05′ 08.939″
Redshift 0.896000
Heliocentric radial velocity 268,614 km/s
Distance 7.335 Gly
Apparent magnitude  (V)16.48
Apparent magnitude  (B)15.77
Characteristics
Type Blazar, BL Lac
Other designations
LEDA 2824444, IRAS F05373-4406, WMAP 148, 4FGL J0538.8-4405, 2E 1488, Cul 0537-441

PKS 0537-441 is a blazar [1] located in the constellation of Pictor. It has a redshift of 0.896 [2] and was discovered in 1973 by an American astronomer named Olin J. Eggen, who noted it as a luminous quasar. [3] This is a BL Lacertae object in literature because of its featureless optical spectra [4] [5] as well as both a possible gravitational microlensing [6] and a gravitationally lensed candidate. [7] Its radio source is found compact and is characterized by a spectral peak in the gigahertz range, making it a gigahertz-peaked spectrum source (GPS). [8]

Contents

Description

PKS 0537-441 is found violently variable on the electromagnetic spectrum at all frequencies, [9] and is a source of gamma ray emission. [10] [11] Between December 2004 and March 2005, it underwent intense activity showing more than 4 magnitudes in a V filter in 50 days and 2.5 in 10 days. [12] PKS 0537-441 is also known to display two flaring episodes, one in July 2009 and one in March 2010, with its gamma ray luminosity in the 0.1-100 GeV energy range reaching a peak value (2.6 x 1048 erg s−1) on 3-d timescales at the end of the month. [13] During its variability, PKS 0537-441 shows signs of both flux and color index variability on timescales. [14]

PKS 0537-441 contains a radio structure. The source is found to be core dominated on arcsecond scales with a secondary bright component separated by 7".2 at a 305° positional angle (PA). However, according to 2.3 GHz observations conducted by the Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experimental program (SHEVE), the radio structure has a 4.2 Jansky core with a measured diameter of 1.1 mas. There is a jetlike component, confirmed to be an asymmetric core-jet structure according to a 5 GHz Very-long-baseline interferometry imaging. This component is located north of the compact core. [15]

PKS 0537-441 shows gamma ray and optical oscillations. During its high state between August 2008 and 2011, the periodogram of its gamma ray light curve displays a peak reaching T0 ~ 280 days with significance of 99.7%. [16] A broad magnesium ionized emission line was also discovered at redshift (z) 0.885, implied to be a mini low ionization broad absorption-line quasar. This speculates PKS 0537-441 might be a binary quasar. [17]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 0226-559</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 0451-28</span> Quasar in the constellation Caelum

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1402+044</span> Quasar in the constellation of Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 0805-07</span> Quasar in the constellation of Monoceros

PKS 0805-07 also known as PMN J0808-0751 and 4FGL J0808.2-0751, is a quasar located in the constellation of Monoceros. With a redshift of 1.83, light has taken at least 10 billion light-years to reach Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1ES 0229+200</span> BL Lacertae object located in the constellation Aries

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1830-211</span> Quasar in the constellation Sagittarius

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NRAO 530</span> Flat spectrum radio quasar in the constellation Serpens

NRAO 530 or PKS 1730-13 is a flat-spectrum radio quasar located in the southern constellation of Serpens. It has a redshift of 0.902. and was first discovered by two astronomers, W.J. Welch and Hyron Spinrad in 1973. It is classified as a blazar because of its optical variability across the electromagnetic spectrum in radio, gamma ray and X-ray bands. This quasar is also further categorized an OVV quasar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 0208-512</span> Blazar in the constellation Eridanus

PKS 0208-512 is a blazar located in the southern constellation of Eridanus. It has a redshift of 1.003 and was first discovered in 1975 by astronomers conducting the Parkes 2700 MHz survey in Australia as a bright astronomical radio source. This object is also classified highly polarized with the radio spectrum appearing to be flat, thus making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DA 193</span> Blazar in the constellation Auriga

DA 193 is a blazar located in the constellation of Auriga. It has a high redshift of 2.365. It was first discovered as an unknown astronomical radio source in 1971 by D.G. MacDonell and A.H. Bridle. This is a low polarized quasar containing a classic homogeneous synchrotron self-absorption spectrum. The radio spectrum of this source shows a turnover frequency at 5 GHz and this object has also been referred to as a gigahertz-peak spectrum source.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 2004-447</span> Narrow-line Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 0420-014</span> Blazar in the constellation Eridanus

PKS 0420-014 is a blazar located in the constellation of Eridanus. This is a high polarized quasar with a redshift of (z) 0.915, first discovered as an astronomical radio source by astronomers in 1975. The radio spectrum of this source appears to be flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1622-297</span> Blazar in the constellation of Scorpius

PKS 1622-297 is a blazar located in the constellation of Scorpius. It is one of the brightest objects of its type in the gamma ray region. It has a redshift of (z) 0.815. This blazar was first discovered as a compact astronomical radio source in 1970 by astronomers who were conducting interferometer observations and identified with an optical counterpart in 1984. In addition, the radio spectrum of the source appears flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 0458-020</span> Quasar in the constellation Orion

PKS 0458-020 also known as PKS 0458-02, is a quasar located in the constellation of Orion. It has a redshift of (z) 2.286 and was first identified as an astronomical radio source during the radio survey conducted by Parkes Observatory in 1966. Subsequently the source was shown to display optical behavior before being classfied as a blazar via an optical polarimetry study in 1985. This source also shows radio spectrum appearing to be flat, hence making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1510-089</span> Blazar in the constellation Libra

PKS 1510-089 is a blazar located in the constellation of Libra, categorized as a highly polarized quasar showing fast variations in polarization angles, with a redshift of (z) 0.361. It was first discovered in 1966 as an astronomical radio source during the Parkes Observatory survey in 1966. The radio spectrum of the source appears flat, thus making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).

References

  1. ↑ Pian, E.; Falomo, R.; Hartman, R. C.; Maraschi, L.; Tavecchio, F.; Tornikoski, M.; Treves, A.; Urry, C. M.; Ballo, L.; Mukherjee, R.; Scarpa, R.; Thompson, D. J.; Pesce, J. E. (2002-09-01). "Broad-band continuum and line emission of the gamma-ray blazar PKS 0537-441". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 392 (2): 407–415. arXiv: astro-ph/0207355 . Bibcode:2002A&A...392..407P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020881. ISSN   0004-6361.
  2. ↑ Li, Xiao-Pan; Luo, Yu-Hui; Zhang, Li; Yang, Cheng; Yang, Hai-Tao; Cai, Yan (2016-10-14). "SimultaneousSwiftand Rapid Eye Mount telescope observations of the blazar PKS 0537–441". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 464 (4): 3972–3990. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw2652 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  3. ↑ Eggen, O. J. (November 1973). "A Very Large Light Pulse from the Object Identified with PKS 0537-441". The Astrophysical Journal. 186: L1. doi:10.1086/181344. ISSN   0004-637X.
  4. ↑ Bechtold, Jill; Dobrzycki, Adam; Wilden, Brenda; Morita, Miwa; Scott, Jennifer; Dobrzycka, Danuta; Tran, Kim-Vy; Aldcroft, Thomas L. (June 2002). "A Uniform Analysis of the Lyα Forest at z = 0–5. III. Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph Spectral Atlas". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 140 (2): 143–238. doi:10.1086/342489. ISSN   0067-0049.
  5. ↑ Tanzi, E. G.; Barr, P.; Bouchet, P.; Chiappetti, L.; Cristiani, S.; Falomo, R.; Giommi, P.; Maraschi, L.; Treves, A. (December 1986). "Multifrequency observations of the Blazar PKS 0537-441 in a moderately active state". The Astrophysical Journal. 311: L13. doi:10.1086/184789. ISSN   0004-637X.
  6. ↑ Surpi, G. C.; Romero, G. E.; Vucetich, H. (1996-10-01). "The Gravitational Microlensing Scenario for PKS 0537--441". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 32: 153–159. Bibcode:1996RMxAA..32..153S. ISSN   0185-1101.
  7. ↑ Stickel, M.; Fried, J. W.; Kuehr, H. (1988-11-01). "PKS 0537-441 : a gravitationally lensed blazar ?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 206: L30–L33. Bibcode:1988A&A...206L..30S. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. ↑ Torniainen, I.; Tornikoski, M.; Teräsranta, H.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D. (2005-05-13). "Long term variability of gigahertz-peaked spectrum sources and candidates" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 435 (3): 839–856. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041886. ISSN   0004-6361.
  9. ↑ Pian, E.; Romano, P.; Treves, A.; Ghisellini, G.; Covino, S.; Cucchiara, A. (July 2007). "Simultaneous Swift and REM Monitoring of the Blazar PKS 0537-441 in 2005". The Astrophysical Journal. 664: 106–116. arXiv: 0704.0958 . doi:10.1086/518469.
  10. ↑ Cannon, A. (2010-04-01). "Fermi LAT detection of increasing gamma-ray activity of blazars PKS 0537-441 and PKS 0301-243". The Astronomer's Telegram. 2591: 1. Bibcode:2010ATel.2591....1C.
  11. ↑ Lucarelli, F.; Striani, E.; D'Ammando, F.; Verrecchia, F.; Pittori, C.; Tavani, M.; Vercellone, S.; Del Monte, E.; Donnarumma, I.; Evangelista, Y.; Feroci, M.; Lazzarotto, F.; Pacciani, L.; Soffitta, P.; Costa, E. (2010-02-01). "AGILE detects enhanced gamma-ray emission from the blazar PKS 0537-441". The Astronomer's Telegram. 2454: 1. Bibcode:2010ATel.2454....1L.
  12. ↑ Dolcini, A.; Covino, S.; Treves, A.; Palazzi, E.; Pian, E.; Molinari, E.; Chincarini, G.; Zerbi, F. M.; Rodonó, M.; Testa, V.; Tosti, G.; Vitali, F.; Antonelli, L. A.; Conconi, P.; Cutispoto, G. (2005-11-15). "Multiband photometry of the blazar PKS 0537-441: a major active state in December 2004–March 2005". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 443 (3): L33–L36. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500198. hdl: 10550/16804 . ISSN   0004-6361.
  13. ↑ D’Ammando, F.; Antolini, E.; Tosti, G.; Finke, J.; Ciprini, S.; Larsson, S.; Ajello, M.; Covino, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Gurwell, M.; Hauser, M.; Romano, P.; Schinzel, F.; Wagner, S. J.; Impiombato, D. (2013-03-30). "Long-term monitoring of PKS 0537−441 with Fermi–LAT and multiwavelength observations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 431 (3): 2481–2492. arXiv: 1302.5439 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt344 . ISSN   1365-2966.
  14. ↑ Li, Xiaopan; Zhang, Li; Luo, Yuhui; Wang, Lisha; Zhou, Li (2015-04-02). "Colour variation of the BL Lacertae object PKS 0537–441". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3): 2750–2758. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv563 . ISSN   1365-2966.
  15. ↑ Shen, Z.Q.; Wan, T.S.; Moran, J.M.; Jauncey, D.L.; Reynolds, J.E.; Tzioumis, A.K.; Gough, R.G.; Ferris, R.H. (April 1998). "A 5 GHz Southern Hemisphere VLBI Survey Of Compact Radio Sources. II". The Astronomical Journal. 115: 1357–1370. doi:10.1086/300284.
  16. ↑ Sandrinelli, A.; Covino, S.; Treves, A. (2016-03-11). "Gamma Ray And Optical Oscillations In PKS 0537–441". The Astrophysical Journal. 820 (1): 20. arXiv: 1512.08801 . doi: 10.3847/0004-637x/820/1/20 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  17. ↑ Heidt, J.; Jäger, K.; Nilsson, K.; Hopp, U.; Fried, J. W.; Sutorius, E. (August 2003). "PKS 0537-441: Extended [O II] emission and a binary QSO?" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 406 (2): 565–577. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030804. ISSN   0004-6361.
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