Palpada

Palpada
Palpada sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Syrphidae
Subfamily:	Eristalinae
Tribe:	Eristalini
Subtribe:	Eristalina
Genus:	Palpada Macquart, 1854
Type species
Palpada scutellaris Fabricius, 1805
Synonyms
Doliosyrphus Bigot, 1882a

Palpada is a genus of 85 neotropical and nearctic flower flies or hoverflies. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} This genus is often colorful and bee-like. It is in the tribe Eristaliini containing dozens of genera. ^[1] Common sister genera include Eristalis (99 species), Meromacrus (43 sp.), Eristalinus (100 sp.) and Helophilus (50 sp.). The genus Palpada is distinguished by:

• Eyes with uniform pile.
• Meron with fine pale hairs in front of or below spiracle.
• Hind femur with basal patch of dense black setulae.
• Cell r₂₊₃ closed before wing margin.
• R₄₊₅ moderately to strongly dipped into cell r₄₊₅. ^[1]

The larvae are aquatic and have a distinctive shape, usually being referred to as rat-tailed. The rat-tail is a breathng tube that allows the larvae to live in low oxygen water.

Species

• P. aemula (Williston, 1891)
• P. agrorum (Fabricius, 1787) ^[5]
• P. aemula (Williston, 1891)
• P. albifrons (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. albiventris (Bigot, 1880)
• P. alhambra (Hull, 1925) ^[5]
• P. amazon (Curran, 1930)
• P. atrimana (Loew, 1866)
• P. bequaerti (Hull, 1942)
• P. bistellata (Hull, 1935)
• P. braziliensis (Goot, 1964)
• P. caliginosa (Walker, 1849)
• P. chilena (Rondani, 1863)
• P. claripennis (Hull, 1949)
• P. clarissima (Giglio-tos, 1892)
• P. claudia (Curran, 1930)
• P. conica (Fabricius, 1805)
• P. cora (Hull, 1949)
• P. cordiformis (Morales, 2009)
• P. cosmia (Schiner, 1868)
• P. cyanea (Thunberg, 1819)
• P. diminuta (Walker, 1849)
• P. distinguenda (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. doris (Curran, 1930)
• P. elegans (Blanchard, 1854)
• P. erratica (Curran, 1930)
• P. expicta (Walker, 1860)
• P. familiaris (Walker, 1860)
• P. fasciata (Wiedemann, 1819)
• P. fasciculata (Curran, 1938)
• P. flavipennis (Macquart, 1842)
• P. flavoscutellata (Hull, 1937)
• P. florea (Hull, 1925)
• P. fuliginosa (Hull, 1935)
• P. funerea (Rondani, 1850)
• P. furcata (Wiedemann, 1819)
• P. fuscipennis (Macquart, 1846)
• P. gagathina (Bigot, 1887)
• P. geniculata (Fabricius, 1805)
• P. hortorum (Fabricius, 1775)
• P. incubus (Hull, 1943)
• P. intermedia
• P. interrupta (Fabricius, 1805)
• P. inversa (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. langi (Curran, 1934)
• P. lindneri (Thompson, 1999)
• P. macula (Sack, 1941)
• P. megafemur (Thompson, 1999 )
• P. meigenii (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. melanaspis (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. mexicana (Macquart, 1847) ^[6]
• P. minutalis (Williston, 1891)
• P. mirabilis (Hull, 1925)
• P. mitis
• P. monticola (Röder, 1886)
• P. nigripes (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. obsoleta Wiedemann, 1830
• P. ochracea (Williston, 1888)
• P. panorama (Reemer & Morales, 2016)
• P. parvula (Williston, 1888)
• P. precipua (Williston, 1888)
• P. precipuus
• P. prietorum (Mengual, 2008)
• P. pusilla (Macquart, 1842) ^[7]
• P. pusio (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. pusioides (Hull, 1951)
• P. pygolampa (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. ruficeps (Macquart, 1842)
• P. rufipedes (Thompson, 1976)
• P. rufiventris (Macquart, 1846)
• P. rufoscutellata (Sack, 1921)
• P. schistacea (Williston, 1888)
• P. scopanthus (Hull, 1944)
• P. scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) ^[8]
• P. semicirculus (Walker, 1852)
• P. signata (Lagrange, 1987)
• P. solennis (Walker, 1852)
• P. spectabilis (Hull, 1925)
• P. suprarufa (Thompson, 1999)
• P. taenia (Wiedemann, 1830)
• P. tatei (Curran, 1930)
• P. texana (Hull, 1925) ^[5]
• P. thalia (Hull, 1942)
• P. triangularis (Giglio-tos, 1892)
• P. urotaenia (Curran, 1930)
• P. vera (Hull, 1949)
• P. vierecki (Curran, 1930)
• P. vinetorum (Fabricius 1799) ^[5]
• P. xanthosceles (Thompson, 1981)

References

1. Thompson, F. Christian (2003). "Austalis, a new genus of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with revisionary notes on related genera" (pdf Adobe/Acobat). Zootaxa. 246. New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.246.1.1. ISSN   1175-5334 . Retrieved 28 January 2011.
2. Thompson, F. C.; Vockeroth, J. R.; Sedman, Y. S. "A Catalogue of the Americas South of the United States: Family Syrphidae". São Paulo, Brasil: Museu de Zoologia. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
3. Morales, M.N.; Marinoni, L. 2009: Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the scutellaris group of Palpada Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae). Invertebrate systematics, 23: 301–347. doi : 10.1071/IS09006
4. Mengual, X.; Thompson, F. C. (2008). "A taxonomic review of the Palpada ruficeps species group, with the description of a new flower fly from Colombia (Diptera: Syrphidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1741. New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 31–36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1741.1.3. hdl: 10045/12251 . Retrieved 22 December 2011.
5. Hull, Frank Montgomery (1925). "A Review of the Genus Eristalis Latreille in North America". The Ohio Journal of Science. 25: 11–45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
6. Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Paris, Roret. pp. 5–104.
7. Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1842). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxieme.--2e partie. Paris: Roret. pp. 5–140. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
8. Fabricius, Johann Christian (1805). Systema antliatorum : secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Brunsvigae. p. 372.?

External links

• Genus Palpada on BugGuide