Coprinus is a small genus of mushroom-forming fungi consisting of Coprinus comatus—the shaggy ink cap (British) or shaggy mane (American)—and several of its close relatives. Until 2001, Coprinus was a large genus consisting of all agaric species in which the lamellae autodigested to release their spores. The black ink-like liquid this creates gave these species their common name "ink cap" (British) or "inky cap" (American).
The Psathyrellaceae are a family of dark-spored agarics that generally have rather soft, fragile fruiting bodies, and are characterized by black, dark brown, rarely reddish, or even pastel-colored spore prints. About 50% of species produce fruiting bodies that dissolve into ink-like ooze when the spores are mature via autodigestion. Prior to phylogenetic research based upon DNA comparisons, most of the species that autodigested were classified as Coprinaceae, which contained all of the inky-cap mushrooms. However, the type species of Coprinus, Coprinus comatus, and a few other species, were found to be more closely related to Agaricaceae. The former genus Coprinus was split between two families, and the name "Coprinaceae" became a synonym of Agaricaceae in its 21st-century phylogenetic redefinition. Note that in the 19th and early 20th centuries the family name Agaricaceae had far broader application, while in the late 20th century it had a narrower application. The family name Psathyrellaceae is based on the former Coprinaceae subfamily name Psathyrelloideae. The type genus Psathyrella consists of species that produce fruiting bodies which do not liquify via autodigestion. Psathyrella remained a polyphyletic genus until it was split into several genera including 3 new ones in 2015. Lacrymaria is another genus that does not autodigest its fruiting bodies. It is characterized by rough basidiospores and lamellar edges that exude beads of clear liquid when in prime condition, hence the Latin reference, lacryma (tears).
Coprinellus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Psathyrellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. Most Coprinellus species were transferred from the once large genus Coprinus. Molecular studies published in 2001 redistributed Coprinus species to Psathyrella, or the segregate genera Coprinopsis and Coprinellus.
Arrhenia is a genus of fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae. Arrhenia also includes species formerly placed in the genera Leptoglossum and Phaeotellus and the lectotype species itself has an unusual growth form that would not normally be called agaricoid. All of the species grow in association with photosynthetic cryptogams such as mosses, including peat moss, and alga scums on decaying wood, and soil crusts consisting of mixes of such organisms. Typically the fruitbodies of Arrhenia species are grey to black or blackish brown, being pigmented by incrusting melanized pigments on the hyphae.
Pholiota is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species.
Tulosesus amphithallus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Coprinellus aureogranulatus is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. It was first described as Coprinus aureogranulatus by mycologists C.B. Uljé and A. Aptroot in 1998, and later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001.
Tulosesus bisporiger is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Coprinellus ellisii is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. Found in Europe, it was first described as Coprinus ellisii by Peter D. Orton in 1960, and later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001. The specific epithet ellisii honours E.A. Ellis, who, according to Orton, was "the Norfolk naturalist and mycologist who collected this and who brought me many puzzling and apparently undescribed agarics."
Tulosesus callinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Tulosesus pellucidus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Coprinellus heptemerus is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. It was first described as Coprinus heptemerus by mycologists M. Lange and Alexander H. Smith in 1952, and later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001. It is a coprophilous fungus and it is known to occur on the dung of goats and possibly on that of sheep.
Tulosesus subpurpureus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Tulosesus subimpatiens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Tulosesus sclerocystidiosus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Tulosesus sassii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
Parasola auricoma is a species of agaric fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. First described scientifically in 1886, the species is found in Europe, Japan, and North America. The mushroom was reported in February 2019 in Colombia, in the city of Bogota by the mycologist Juan Camilo Rodriguez Martinez. The small, umbrella-shaped fruit bodies (mushrooms) of the fungus grow in grass or woodchips and are short-lived, usually collapsing with age in a few hours. The caps are up to 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, initially elliptical before flattening out, and colored reddish-brown to greyish, depending on their age and hydration. They are pleated with radial grooves extending from the center to the edge of the cap. The slender, whitish stems are up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long and a few millimeters thick. Microscopically, P. auricoma is characterized by the presence of setae in its cap cuticle. This characteristic, in addition to the relatively large, ellipsoid spores can be used to distinguish it from other morphologically similar Parasola species.
Coprinopsis martinii is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae.
