| Paropsisterna beata | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | Paropsisterna |
| Species: | P. beata |
| Binomial name | |
| Paropsisterna beata (Newman, 1842) | |
Paropsisterna beata, commonly known as the blessed leaf beetle, is a species of leaf beetle. It occurs in all states of Australia except Tasmania. [1] [2]
Paropsisterna beata is a mostly black beetle except for an orange head, orange margins on the pronotum, a narrow orange "skirt" around the elytra, and each elytron having three orange blotches. Sometimes, two of the blotches on each elytron are joined, especially in the north of the species' range. There are extremely fine puncturations and striae. [1]
There is a subspecies, P. beata rubrosignata, in which the elytral blotches are more yellowish and the marginal colouring is thicker and more reddish. [1]
Some other species in the genus resemble P. beata but can be distinguished by certain features: P. sexpustulata lacks the colored lateral skirt and P. octosignata has an entirely black pronotum. [1]
As a beetle, P. beata undergoes complete metamorphosis with the four life stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult.
Like others of its genus, larvae and adults of P. beata feed on foliage of Eucalyptus . Host plants mentioned in the literature are Eucalyptus grandis [3] and E. nitens [4] .
Pupation takes place in leaf litter or within the soil. During winter, adults go into diapause under the loose bark of trees, in crevices in wood or in leaf litter underneath trees. [4]
A large population of P. beata was detected on Eucalyptus nitens at Whitemans Valley, New Zealand in 2012. In response, insecticides were applied both aerially and on the ground, and overwintering habitat was removed by stripping loose bark from host trees. The beetle has not been detected again, suggesting it has been successfully eradicated. [4]
Eucalyptus is a genus of more than 700 species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. Most species of Eucalyptus are trees, often mallees, and a few are shrubs. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including Corymbia and Angophora, they are commonly known as eucalypts. Plants in the genus Eucalyptus have bark that is either smooth, fibrous, hard or stringy, the leaves have oil glands, and the sepals and petals are fused to form a "cap" or operculum over the stamens. The fruit is a woody capsule commonly referred to as a "gumnut".
The insects of the beetle family Chrysomelidae are commonly known as leaf beetles, and include over 37,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, making up one of the largest and most commonly encountered of all beetle families. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, but the precise taxonomy and systematics are likely to change with ongoing research.
The Chrysomelinae are a subfamily of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), commonly known as broad-bodied leaf beetles or broad-shouldered leaf beetles. It includes some 3,000 species around the world.
The Cassidinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. The antennae arise close to each other and some members have the pronotal and elytral edges extended to the side and covering the legs so as to give them the common name of tortoise beetles. Some members, such as in the tribe Hispini, are notable for the spiny outgrowths to the pronotum and elytra.
The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Fiorei' was raised by the Charles Fiore Nurseries, Prairie View, Illinois, before 1949, and first listed as 'Fiorii', Fiore Elm, without description. It is no longer listed by the company.
Eucalyptus grandis, commonly known as the flooded gum or rose gum, is a tall tree with smooth bark, rough at the base fibrous or flaky, grey to grey-brown. At maturity, it reaches 50 metres tall, though the largest specimens can exceed 80 metres tall. It is found on coastal areas and sub-coastal ranges from Newcastle in New South Wales northwards to west of Daintree in Queensland, mainly on flat land and lower slopes, where it is the dominant tree of wet forests and on the margins of rainforests.
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the elm-leaf beetle, is a beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae that is native to Europe but invasive in other parts of the world.
Adalia decempunctata, the ten-spotted ladybird or ten-spotted lady beetle, is a carnivorous beetle of the family Coccinellidae.
Calvia quatuordecimguttata, the cream-spot ladybird, is a species of ladybird in the family Coccinellidae. Its distribution is holarctic, it being found in Europe and through the East Palearctic to Japan. It is introduced to North America. This ladybird is generally 4 to 5 millimetres in length and varies in appearance depending on the geographical location. It usually lives in hedgerows and deciduous trees.
Chrysomela populi is a species of broad-shouldered leaf beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Chrysomelinae.
Stictea macropetana, the eucalyptus leafroller, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is native to Australia, but is an introduced species in New Zealand, where it was first recorded in 1921. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1881.
Cryptocephalus trimaculatus is a species of cylindrical leaf beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae.
Paropsisterna selmani, the Tasmanian Eucalyptus Beetle, is a species of leaf beetle native to Tasmania which has been inadvertently introduced to the Republic of Ireland and United Kingdom. It is the first eucalyptus-feeding chrysomelid known to have become established in Europe.
Paropsisterna agricola or southern eucalyptus leaf beetle, is a small hemispherical leaf beetle. They can vary from golden to grey. They have some black markings on the pronotum. The epipleura (skirt) is sometimes red.
Paropsisterna bimaculata is a beetle commonly called a leaf beetle in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. This insect is common in Tasmania and can be a pest in the forestry industry. Paropsisterna bimaculata will develop a red colour just before their winter hibernation. When they emerge the red slowly disappears into a pale green colouring with faint gold tessellation. This takes about a month with the males generally slightly advanced. Recently this beetle has been noticed in Victoria.
Paropsisterna m-fuscum is a beetle commonly called a leaf beetle in the subfamily Chrysomelinae, and native to Australia. This insect can become very prolific and is a serious pest species in the forestry industry. This beetle is an invasive species and a problem on Blue Gum in California, USA. The beetles are pale, with variable brown markings on the elytra and pronotum and sometimes with bright flaring at the base of the elytra. The larvae are pale green like the leaves they eat.
Anoplognathus brunnipennis, commonly known as the brown- or golden-brown Christmas beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae native to eastern Australia, being common in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, the Great Dividing Range and the Murray-Darling river basin.
Paropsis charybdis, commonly known as the Eucalyptus tortoise beetle, is a species of leaf beetle belonging to the genus Paropsis. It is considered a pest of some species of Eucalyptus.
Phyllotreta liebecki is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
Lamprolina is an Australian genus of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) found in Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland.