Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae. In addition to the single living genus, Rhinolophus, which has about 106 species, the extinct genus Palaeonycteris has been recognized. Horseshoe bats are closely related to the Old World leaf-nosed bats, family Hipposideridae, which have sometimes been included in Rhinolophidae. The horseshoe bats are divided into six subgenera and many species groups. The most recent common ancestor of all horseshoe bats lived 34–40 million years ago, though it is unclear where the geographic roots of the family are, and attempts to determine its biogeography have been indecisive. Their taxonomy is complex, as genetic evidence shows the likely existence of many cryptic species, as well as species recognized as distinct that may have little genetic divergence from previously recognized taxa. They are found in the Old World, mostly in tropical or subtropical areas, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.
Haemadipsidae are a family of jawed leeches. They are a monophyletic group of hirudiniform proboscisless leeches. These leeches have five pairs of eyes, with the last two separated by two eyeless segments. The family is monotypic, containing only the subfamily Haemadipsinae, though as the family can apparently be divided into two or three distinct lineages, at least one of the proposed splits, while not a distinct family, might be a valid subfamily.
The fringed long-footed myotis is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
The great roundleaf bat, also known as the great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. It gives birth to two young a year. It has been assessed as a least concern species by the IUCN.
The intermediate horseshoe bat is a bat species of the family Rhinolophidae that is very widespread throughout much of the Indian subcontinent, southern and central China and Southeast Asia. It is listed by IUCN as Least Concern as it is considered common where it occurs, without any known major threats.
Lander's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are savanna and caves.
Blyth's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found across southern Asia from Afghanistan to Vietnam. The species can be identified from its pointed, bifid sella.
The big-eared horseshoe bat is a bat species within the Rhinolophidae native to Asia.
Bourret's horseshoe bat is a species of horseshoe bat native to Southeast Asia. The name "paradoxolophus" is derived from the Greek words paradoxos, meaning "contrary to expectation", and lophos, meaning "crest". This name refers to the bat's difference in nose-leaf morphology compared to other Rhinolophus species. There are no recognised subspecies.
The least horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam. It is a food source of the parasite Sinospelaeobdella, a jawed land leech.
The rufous horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.
The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Vietnam.
The little Nepalese horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar and Nepal, possibly in Bhutan.
Thomas's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Dobson's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, and Thailand.
The Thai horseshoe bat, sometimes called the Thai leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat from the family Rhinolophidae. It is frequently listed as a subspecies of the Big-eared horseshoe bat, but this may be a result of the two species being taken in sympatry in Laos. It is native to China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Rhinolophus huananus is a species of horseshoe bat endemic to southern China.
Sinospelaeobdella is a genus of jawed land leech, endemic to caves in China. It contains the species S. cavatuses and S. wulingensis, the latter being named after the Wuling Mountains where it was found.
