Pemba sunbird

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Pemba sunbird
Pemba Sunbird, Manta Resort, Pemba Island (8494780065).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Nectariniidae
Genus: Cinnyris
Species:
C. pembae
Binomial name
Cinnyris pembae
Reichenow, 1905
Cinnyris pembae range map.svg
Range in Tanzania
Synonyms

Nectarinia pembae

The Pemba sunbird (Cinnyris pembae) is a species of bird in the sunbird family. It is endemic to Pemba Island, Tanzania.

Contents

Taxonomy

Anton Reichenow first described the Pemba sunbird in 1905. [2]

The taxonomy of the Pemba sunbird has been the subject of debate. Pakenham regarded it as a subspecies of the purple-banded sunbird under the name Cinnyris bifasciatus pembae. [3] It is also sometimes regarded as conspecific with the violet-breasted sunbird, Cinnyris chalcomelas, which lives on the mainland in Kenya. [4] Cinnyris pembae is distinguished from these closely related species by being the only purple-banded sunbird on Pemba Island. [5] It is also significantly smaller than its fellow sunbirds. [5] Hermann Grote regarded the Pemba sunbird to be identical in coloration, but about half the size, of Cinnyris voeltzkowi (today recognized as a subspecies of the Malagasy green sunbird, Cinnyris notatus). [6]

Description

Males have a wingspan of 51.5-53 mm, while females have a wingspan of 47.5-50 mm. [7] Adult males display iridescent blue-green coloration on their head and throat with bluish violet coloration on their wings and across their breast. [7] [8] Females have a gray-brown coloration on their head and wings, a pale yellow underside with blurry streaking and a small pale yellow lateral streak posterior to the eye. [7] [8] Juveniles resemble adult females with darker chin and throat, broad whitish malar stripe, and mottled grey underparts. [5]

Behavior

Pemba sunbirds consume nectar and fruits. They have been observed nesting in Wellingtonia trees and consuming the trees' nectar. [3] Other favored foods include the white berries of Flueggea virosa , into which the Pemba sunbird jabs its beak, while smaller berries are eaten whole. [5]

Breeding takes place throughout the year with a noted lull between the months of January and April, inclusive. [9] Males exhibit aggression to each other during breeding season. [5] Nesting takes place approximately from July through December. [3] Greenish-white eggs with brown streaks are laid in a "bag or purse-shaped nest suspended 1-2 m up from shrub or amongst foliage." [5]

The Pemba sunbird is known for a repetitive tslink-tslink-tslink call which is unlike that of its relatives on the mainland. [10] It can be found in a wide variety of habitats on Pemba Island. [5]

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