Flueggea

Last updated

Bushweeds
Flueggea leucopyrus Bra54.png
Flueggea leucopyrus [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Subfamily: Phyllanthoideae
Tribe: Phyllantheae
Genus: Flueggea
Willd. 1806 not Rich. 1807 (Asparagaceae)
Synonyms [2]
  • AcidotonP.Browne 1856, rejected name, now Sw. 1788
  • Bessera Spreng., illegitimate homonym, not Schult. 1809 nor Schult. f. 1829 nor Vell. 1825
  • Colmeiroa Reut.
  • CoilmeroaEndl.
  • FluggeaWilld. spelling variant
  • Geblera Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Neowawraea Rock
  • Pleiostemon Sond.
  • RicheriellaPax & K.Hoffm. in H.G.A.Engler
  • Villanova Pourr. ex Cutanda 1861, illegitimate homonym, not Ortega 1797 nor Lag. 1816 (both of the latter Asteraceae)

Flueggea, the bushweeds, is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1806. [3] [4] [5] It is widespread across much of Asia, Africa, and various oceanic islands, with a few species in South America and on the Iberian Peninsula. [2] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

The genus is named after John Fluegge, a German cryptogamic botanist.

Members of this genus all have entire ovate leaves and minute green flowers that form at the leaf axils in the form of fascicles or cymes. The fruits are berries, of the size of peas. [8] With the exception of F. verrucosa , F. spirei , and occasionally F. virosa , they are dioecious. [11]

Taxonomy

The genus Flueggea consists of 12 [12] -16 [13] species.

Many members of the genus were formerly classified under the genus Securinega .

Species [2]
  1. Flueggea acicularis - S China
  2. Flueggea acidoton - West Indies
  3. Flueggea anatolica - S Turkey
  4. Flueggea elliptica - Ecuador
  5. Flueggea flexuosa - Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea, SW Pacific
  6. Flueggea gracilis - Hainan, Palawan, Borneo, Malaysia, S Thailand
  7. Flueggea jullienii - Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam
  8. Flueggea leucopyrus - Socotra, Sajid Island, S India, Sri Lanka, Sichuan, Yunnan
  9. Flueggea monticola - Sichuan, Yunnan
  10. Flueggea neowawraea - Hawaii
  11. Flueggea schuechiana - Pernambuco
  12. Flueggea spirei - Laos
  13. Flueggea suffruticosa - Siberia, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan
  14. Flueggea tinctoria - Spain, Portugal
  15. Flueggea verrucosa - Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal
  16. Flueggea virosa - Africa, Madagascar, SW + S + SE Asia, Mascarenes, N Australia
Formerly included [2]

moved to other genera (Leptopus Margaritaria Meineckia Ophiopogon )

  1. F. anceps - Ophiopogon japonicus
  2. F. angulataRaf. 1838 not (Schumach. & Thonn.) Schrank 1828 - Ophiopogon japonicus
  3. F. bailloniana - Margaritaria discoidea var. triplosphaera
  4. F. capillipes - Leptopus chinensis
  5. F. dracaenoides - Ophiopogon dracaenoides
  6. F. dubia - Ophiopogon intermedius
  7. F. eglandulosa - Margaritaria anomala
  8. F. fagifolia - Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia
  9. F. griffithii - Ophiopogon intermedius
  10. F. hilariana - Meineckia neogranatensis subsp. hilariana
  11. F. intermedia - Ophiopogon intermedius
  12. F. jaburan - Ophiopogon jaburan
  13. F. jacquemontiana - Ophiopogon intermedius
  14. F. japonica(Thunb.) Rich. not 1807 (Miq.) Pax 1890 - Ophiopogon japonicus
  15. F. major - Margaritaria anomala
  16. F. meineckia - Meineckia phyllanthoides
  17. F. nitida - Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida
  18. F. obovataBaill. 1861 not (Willd.) Wall. ex Fern.-Vill. 1880 - Margaritaria discoidea var. triplosphaera
  19. F. prolifera - Ophiopogon caulescens
  20. F. trichogynis - Meineckia trichogynis
  21. F. wallichianaKunth 1825 not Baill. 1858 - Ophiopogon intermedius

Related Research Articles

<i>Aleurites</i> Genus of flowering plants

Aleurites is a small genus of arborescent flowering plants in the Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1776. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and Queensland. It is also reportedly naturalized on various islands as well as scattered locations in Africa, South America, and Florida.

<i>Phyllanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Phyllanthus is the largest genus in the plant family Phyllanthaceae. Estimates of the number of species in this genus vary widely, from 750 to 1200. Phyllanthus has a remarkable diversity of growth forms including annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, climbers, floating aquatics, and pachycaulous succulents. Some have flattened leaflike stems called cladodes. It has a wide variety of floral morphologies and chromosome numbers and has one of the widest range of pollen types of any seed plant genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phyllanthaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Phyllanthaceae is a family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae.

Acidoton is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1788. It is native to the Greater Antilles, Central America, and tropical South America.

<i>Rauvolfia</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Rauvolfia is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, commonly known as devil peppers, in the family Apocynaceae. The genus is named to honor Leonhard Rauwolf. The genus can mainly be found in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and various oceanic islands.

<i>Bridelia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Bridelia is a plant genus of the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1806. It is widespread across Africa, Australia, southern Asia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Andrachne is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is one of eight genera in the tribe Poranthereae.

<i>Margaritaria</i> Genus of flowering plants

Margaritaria is a plant genus of the family Phyllanthaceae first published as a genus in 1782. It is the smallest pantropical genus of the Phyllanthaceae and, formerly, of the Euphorbiaceae, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America, and various oceanic islands.

<i>Securinega</i> Genus of flowering plants

Securinega is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1789. As presently conceived, the genus is native to Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. In the past, it was considered to be much more widespread, thus explaining the long list of species formerly included. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

  1. Securinega antsingyensisLeandri - W Madagascar
  2. Securinega capuroniiLeandri - W Madagascar
  3. Securinega durissimaJ.F.Gmel. - Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues Island
  4. Securinega perrieriLeandri - W Madagascar
  5. Securinega seyrigiiLeandri - W Madagascar
<i>Ophiopogon</i> Genus of grasses

Ophiopogon (lilyturf) is a genus of evergreen perennial plants native to warm temperate to tropical East, Southeast, and South Asia. Despite their grasslike appearance, they are not closely related to the true grasses, the Poaceae. The name of the genus is derived from Greek ὄφις ophis, 'snake' and πώγων pogon, 'beard', most probably referring to its leaves and tufted growth. In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae. Like many lilioid monocots, it was formerly classified in the Liliaceae.

<i>Hibbertia scandens</i> Species of vine

Hibbertia scandens, sometimes known by the common names snake vine, climbing guinea flower and golden guinea vine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is climber or scrambler with lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow flowers with more than thirty stamens arranged around between three and seven glabrous carpels.

<i>Aegopogon</i> Genus of grasses

Aegopogon is a genus of New World plants in the grass family.

Lachnospermum, common name rooiblombos, is a genus of South African flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Poranthereae is a tribe in the plant family Phyllanthaceae. It is one of ten tribes in the family, and one of four tribes in the subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Poranthereae comprises about 111 species, distributed into eight genera. The largest genera and the number of species in each are Actephila (31), Meineckia (30), and Andrachne (22).

<i>Margaritaria discoidea</i> Species of tree

Margaritaria discoidea is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae, commonly known as the pheasant-berry, egossa red pear or bushveld peacock-berry. These trees are native to the warmer, higher rainfall areas of Africa.

References

  1. 1874 illustration from tab. 54 of D. Brandis, Illustrations of the Forest Flora of North-West and Central India, 1874
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Willdenow, Carl Ludwig von. 1806. Species Plantarum. Editio quarta 4(2): 637
  4. Willdenow, Carl Ludwig von. 1806. Species Plantarum. Editio quarta 4(2): 757–758
  5. Tropicos, genus Flueggea Willd.
  6. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. Barker, C. & van Welzen, P.C. (2010). Flueggea (Euphorbiaceae s. l. or Phyllanthaceae) in Malesia. Systematic Botany 35: 541-551.
  8. 1 2 Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 177 白饭树属 bai fan shu shu Flueggea Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 637, 757. 1805.
  9. Schatz, G. E., S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, M. W. Callmander, Faranirina, P. P. Lowry, P. B. Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, Z.S. Rogers, C.M. Taylor & G. A. Wahlert. 2011. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden
  10. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Flora of Pakistan University. of Karachi, Karachi.
  11. Webster, Grady L. (1984). "A Revision of Flueggea (Euphorbiaceae)". Allertonia. 3 (4): 259–312. JSTOR   23188162.
  12. Zhou, Li; Zhao, Bing-Xin; Jiang, Ren-Wang; Huang, Xiao-Jun; Wu, Zhen-Long; Wang, Ying; Ye, Wen-Cai (3 June 2014). "Securinega alkaloids from the fruits of Flueggea suffruticosa". Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. Informa UK Limited. 16 (6): 593–601. doi:10.1080/10286020.2014.930443. ISSN   1028-6020. PMID   24957326. S2CID   722367.
  13. "Flueggea suffruticosa (Pall.) Baill". Catalog of Life. Retrieved 11 May 2020.