Penaeus

Penaeus
	Penaeus monodon
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Dendrobranchiata
Family:	Penaeidae
Genus:	Penaeus ; Fabricius, 1798
Species
	Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879; Penaeus hathor (Burkenroad, 1959); Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798; Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844;

Last updated December 04, 2023

Penaeus is a genus of prawns, including the giant tiger prawn (P. monodon), the most important species of farmed crustacean worldwide.

The genus has been reorganised following a proposition of Pérez Farfante and Kensley based on morphological differences, in particular the genital characteristics of these animals,^[1] although this revision has not been universally accepted.^[2] Following the revision, many species formerly in the genus Penaeus (members of which are listed to the right) have been reassigned to new genera in the family Penaeidae: Farfantepenaeus , Fenneropenaeus, Litopenaeus , and Marsupenaeus .^[1] The following table gives an overview:

Old scientific name	New scientific name	Common name(s)
P. aztecus	Farfantepenaeus aztecus	northern brown shrimp
P. brasiliensis	Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis	red-spotted shrimp, spotted pink shrimp
P. brevirostris	Farfantepenaeus brevirostris	crystal shrimp, pink shrimp
P. californiensis	Farfantepenaeus californiensis	yellowleg shrimp, brown shrimp
P. chinensis	Fenneropenaeus chinensis	fleshy prawn, Chinese white shrimp, oriental shrimp
P. orientalis	Fenneropenaeus chinensis	fleshy prawn, Chinese white shrimp, oriental shrimp
P. duorarum	Farfantepenaeus duorarum	northern pink shrimp
P. esculentus	Penaeus esculentus	brown tiger prawn
P. hathor	Penaeus hathor
P. indicus	Fenneropenaeus indicus	Indian prawn
P. japonicus	Marsupenaeus japonicus	Kuruma shrimp, Kuruma prawn, Japanese tiger shrimp
P. merguiensis	Fenneropenaeus merguiensis	banana shrimp, banana prawn
P. monodon	Penaeus monodon	giant tiger prawn, black tiger shrimp
P. notialis	Farfantepenaeus notialis	southern pink shrimp
P. occidentalis	Litopenaeus occidentalis	western white shrimp
P. paulensis	Farfantepenaeus paulensis	São Paulo shrimp, Carpas shrimp
P. penicillatus	Fenneropenaeus penicillatus	redtail prawn
P. schmitti	Litopenaeus schmitti	southern white shrimp
P. semisulcatus	Penaeus semisulcatus	green tiger prawn
P. setiferus	Litopenaeus setiferus	northern white shrimp
P. silasi	Fenneropenaeus silasi
P. stylirostris	Litopenaeus stylirostris	western blue shrimp, blue shrimp
P. subtilis	Farfantepenaeus subtilis	southern brown shrimp
P. vannamei	Litopenaeus vannamei	whiteleg shrimp, Pacific white shrimp, King prawn

A few more species that are sometimes given as Penaeus spp. are actually assigned to the genus Melicertus : ^{[ dubious – discuss ]}

Invalid name	Valid scientific name	Common name(s)
P. canaliculatus	Melicertus canaliculatus	witch shrimp, tiger shrimp
P. kerathurus^[3]	Melicertus kerathurus	Caramote prawn, triple-grooved shrimp
P. latisculatus	Melicertus latisulcatus	western king prawn^[4]^[5]
P. longistylus	Melicertus longistylus	redspot king prawn, red-spotted prawn
P. marginatus	Melicertus marginatus	Aloha prawn
P. plebejus	Melicertus plebejus	eastern king prawn ^{[ dubious – discuss ]}

Related Research Articles

Dendrobranchiata is a suborder of decapods, commonly known as prawns. There are 540 extant species in seven families, and a fossil record extending back to the Devonian. They differ from related animals, such as Caridea and Stenopodidea, by the branching form of the gills and by the fact that they do not brood their eggs, but release them directly into the water. They may reach a length of over 330 millimetres (13 in) and a mass of 450 grams (1.0 lb), and are widely fished and farmed for human consumption.

Marine shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp or prawns for human consumption. Although traditional shrimp farming has been carried out in Asia for centuries, large-scale commercial shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the United States, Japan and Western Europe. The total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 1.6 million tonnes in 2003, representing a value of nearly 9 billion U.S. dollars. About 75% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, in particular in China and Thailand. The other 25% is produced mainly in Latin America, where Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico are the largest producers. The largest exporting nation is India.

Penaeidae is a family of marine crustaceans in the suborder Dendrobranchiata, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawns. The Penaeidae contain many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp, Atlantic white shrimp, and Indian prawn. Many prawns are the subject of commercial fishery, and farming, both in marine settings, and in freshwater farms. Lateral line–like sense organs on the antennae have been reported in some species of Penaeidae. At 210 metres per second (760 km/h), the myelinated giant interneurons of pelagic penaeid shrimp have the world record for impulse conduction speed in any animal.

Melicertus is a genus of "king" prawns, comprising eight species which were previously classified as members of the genus Penaeus:

Penaeus monodon, commonly known as the giant tiger prawn, Asian tiger shrimp, black tiger shrimp, and other names, is a marine crustacean that is widely reared for food.

Farfantepenaeus notialis is a species of marine crustacean in the family Penaeidae.

Rimapenaeus is a genus of prawns. It comprises six species, including the "roughneck shrimp", Rimapenaeus constrictus:

Farfantepenaeus is a genus of prawns in the family Penaeidae. Its eight species were formerly included in the genus Penaeus. It was first published as a genus name in 1972 by Rudolf N. Burukovsky, but without the necessary designation of a type species. That situation was corrected by the same author in 1997. The name Farfantepenaeus commemorates the Cuban carcinologist Isabel Pérez Farfante.

Penaeus esculentus is a species of prawn which is widely fished for consumption around Australia.

Litopenaeus is a genus of prawns, formerly included in the genus Penaeus. It contains five species:

Marsupenaeus is a monotypic genus of prawn. It contains a single species, Marsupenaeus japonicus, known as the kuruma shrimp, kuruma prawn, or Japanese tiger prawn. It occurs naturally in bays and seas of the Indo-West Pacific, but has also reached the Mediterranean Sea as a Lessepsian migrant. It is one of the largest species of prawns, and is accordingly one of the most economically important species in the family.

Isabel Pérez Farfante was a Cuban-born carcinologist. She was the first Cuban woman to receive her Ph.D. from an Ivy League school. She returned to Cuba from the United States only to be blacklisted by Fidel Castro's government. She and her family escaped Cuba, and she became one of the world's foremost zoologists studying prawns. She discovered large populations of shrimp off the coast of Cuba and published one of the most noted books on shrimps: "Penaeoid and Sergestoid Shrimps and Prawns of the World. Keys and Diagnoses for the Families and Genera."

Trachysalambria curvirostris is a species of prawn that lives in shallow waters of the Indo-West Pacific. It is one of the most important species targeted by prawn fishery, with annual harvests of more than 300,000 t, mostly landed in China.

Trachysalambria is a genus of prawns, containing ten species. It was erected in 1934 by Martin Burkenroad, as a subgenus of Trachypenaeus, with T. curvirostris as its type species. That subgenus was elevated to the rank of genus in 1997 by Isabel Pérez Farfante and Brian Kensley. The ten species are:

<i>Farfantepenaeus aztecus</i> Species of shrimp

Farfantepenaeus aztecus is a species of marine penaeid shrimps found around the east coast of the US and Mexico. They are an important commercial species in the US. The FAO refers to them as the northern brown shrimp; other common names, used in the US, are brown shrimp, golden shrimp, red shrimp or redtail shrimp.

Melicertus kerathurus, the striped prawn or caramote prawn is a species of tiger prawn from the family Penaeidae which occurs in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea which is an important species in commercial fisheries. It is the type species for the genus Melicertus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aristeidae</span> Family of crustaceans

Aristeidae is a family of Dendrobranchiata decapod crustaceans known as deep-sea shrimps, gamba prawns or gamba shrimps. Some species are subject to commercial fisheries.

Metapenaeopsis commensalis is a species of crustacean in the family Penaeidae first described by Lancelot Alexander Borradaile in 1898.

Metapenaeopsis miersi is a crustacean species in the family Penaeidae described by Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis in 1952.

The eastern king prawn is an edible dendrobranch prawn endemic to eastern Australia. Its scientific name is Melicertus plebejus or Penaeus plebejus. It is caught by commercial and recreational fishers for human food.

References

1 2 Isabel Pérez Farfante; Brian Frederick Kensley (1997). Penaeoid and Sergestoid Shrimps and Prawns of the World: Keys and Diagnoses for the Families and Genera. Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Vol. 175. Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. pp. 1–233. ISBN 9782856535103.
↑ Patsy A. McLaughlin; Rafael Lemaitre; Frank D. Ferrari; Darryl L. Felder; R. T. Bauer (2008). "Letter to the Editor: A reply to T. W. Flegel" (PDF). Aquaculture . 275: 370–373. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.020.
↑ Penaeus kerathurus , FAO.
↑ "Western King Prawn 2018". fish.gov.au. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
↑ Dixon, C.D.; Hooper, G.E.; Roberts, S.D. (November 2010). Spencer Gulf Prawn Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus Fishery 2008/09: Fishery Assessment Report to PIRSA Fisheries (PDF) (Report). SARDI Publication No. F2007/000770-4; SARDI Research Report Series No. 511. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

External links

"Penaeidae Rafinesque, 1815". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
List of species Archived 2005-03-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)

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[Farfante-1] 1 2 Isabel Pérez Farfante; Brian Frederick Kensley (1997). Penaeoid and Sergestoid Shrimps and Prawns of the World: Keys and Diagnoses for the Families and Genera. Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Vol. 175. Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. pp. 1–233. ISBN 9782856535103.

[2] Patsy A. McLaughlin; Rafael Lemaitre; Frank D. Ferrari; Darryl L. Felder; R. T. Bauer (2008). "Letter to the Editor: A reply to T. W. Flegel" (PDF). Aquaculture . 275: 370–373. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.020.

[3] Penaeus kerathurus , FAO.

[4] "Western King Prawn 2018". fish.gov.au. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

[5] Dixon, C.D.; Hooper, G.E.; Roberts, S.D. (November 2010). Spencer Gulf Prawn Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus Fishery 2008/09: Fishery Assessment Report to PIRSA Fisheries (PDF) (Report). SARDI Publication No. F2007/000770-4; SARDI Research Report Series No. 511. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

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