| Pennisetia hylaeiformis | |
|---|---|
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| Pennisetia hylaeiformis. Male, dorsal view | |
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| Female, dorsal view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | Pennisetia |
| Species: | P. hylaeiformis |
| Binomial name | |
| Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Pennisetia hylaeiformis, the raspberry clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae.
This species can be found in most of North and Central Europe. [1] It is also present in Caucasus, Transcaspia, Siberia, Manchuria and Japan. [2]
Pennisetia hylaeiformis can reach a wingspan of 22–32 mm. [3] These moths have brown forewings characterized by a narrow transparent wedge shaped area and by a small three-cell outer window. The veins M3 and Cu1 of the hind wings are long stalked. The thorax is black, with a yellow collar and two yellow stripes on mesonotum. [4]
In males the abdomen shows four yellow bands of the same width on seg IV to VII, while females have three bands only (on seg IV to VI), with an orange-brown tail. Antennae are cristate and double-crescent-like shaped in males, while in females they are setaceous. [5] [6] The caterpillars are whitish and have a black head.
The moth flies from June to August depending on the location. The larvae live in stalk and roots of raspberries ( Rubus idaeus , Rubus boisseri , Rubus afzeliana , Rubus fruticosus ) and feed on their roots. [2] [7] [8]
Parasitoids of the larvae of the raspberry clearwings are various Ichneumonidae and Braconidae species such as Liotryphon punctulatus , Apanteles glomeratus , Lissanota pimplator , Bracon erraticus and Macrocentrus marginator . [2] [9]
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.
The scalloped oak is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Orgyia antiqua, the rusty tussock moth or vapourer, is a moth in the family Erebidae.
Macrothylacia rubi, the fox moth, is a lepidopteran belonging to the family Lasiocampidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Hemaris diffinis, the snowberry clearwing, is a moth of the order Lepidoptera, family Sphingidae. This moth is sometimes called "hummingbird moth" or "flying lobster". This moth should not be confused with the hummingbird hawk-moth of Europe.
The hornet moth or hornet clearwing is a large moth native to Europe and the Middle East and has been introduced to North America. Its protective coloration is an example of Batesian mimicry, as its similarity to a hornet makes it unappealing to predators. The hornet moth has been linked to the large dieback of poplar trees across Europe because its larvae bore into the trunk of the tree before re-emerging as adults.
Pandemis cerasana, the barred fruit-tree tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae.
Emmelia trabealis, the spotted sulphur, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli his 1763 Entomologia Carniolica.
Diaphora mendica, the muslin moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm east to Lake Baikal.
Phragmatobia fuliginosa, the ruby tiger, is a moth of the family Erebidae.
Paranthrene tabaniformis, the dusky clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in the Palearctic and Nearctic realms.
Synanthedon myopaeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae and the order Lepidoptera. In Europe it is known as the red-belted clearwing and in North America as the apple clearwing moth. The larvae create galleries under the bark of fruit trees, especially old trees with damaged trunks. During this process, the larvae cause significant damage to host trees. Particular attention has been paid to the damage they cause to apple trees. Their status as a pest of apple orchards has led to many research projects aimed at controlling populations of the moth. This moth is native to Europe, the Near East and North Africa. Recently, the moth was introduced into North America, being first detected in Canada in 2005. There are several organisms that threaten the larvae, including parasitoids, nematodes, and bacteria.
Synanthedon tipuliformis, known as the currant clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is endemic to the Palearctic realm, but is an invasive species in the Nearctic realm and the Australasian realm.
Ichneumenoptera chrysophanes, the clearwing persimmon borer, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found from Cairns in Queensland to Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory.
Bembecia ichneumoniformis, the six-belted clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae.
Pennisetia marginata, the raspberry crown borer or blackberry clearwing borer, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. The species was first described by Thaddeus William Harris in 1839. It is widespread in the United States, mainly in the east and along the Pacific Coast, ranging north into the southern parts of Canada. It is an introduced species in Hawaii.
Synanthedon bibionipennis, the strawberry crown moth, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in western North America from Montana south to Texas westward to the Pacific coast and from British Columbia to California. It is an introduced species in Hawaii.
Synanthedon formicaeformis, the red-tipped clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae and can be found in all of Europe, the eastern Palearctic realm, and the Near East. The larvae sometimes form pear-shaped galls on willows. It was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1783.
Synanthedon flaviventris, the sallow clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. The larvae form pear-shaped galls on sallows.
Synanthedon scoliaeformis, the Welsh clearwing, is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found from almost all of Europe, east through Russia to Japan.
