Persoonia longifolia

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Snottygobble
Persoonia longifolia tree2.jpg
Near Nannup
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Persoonia
Species:
P. longifolia
Binomial name
Persoonia longifolia
Synonyms [1]
  • Linkia articulata(R.Br.) Kuntze
  • Linkia longifolia(R.Br.) Kuntze
  • Persoonia articulataR.Br.
  • Persoonia drummondii Lindl.
Bark Persoonia longifolia bark.jpg
Bark
Flowers Persoonia longifolia.jpg
Flowers

Persoonia longifolia, commonly known as snottygobble, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub or small tree characterised by its weeping foliage, yellow flowers and distinctive flaky bark.

Contents

Description

Persoonia longifolia is an erect shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 1–5 m (3 ft 3 in – 16 ft 5 in), usually with a single main trunk. It has flaky-papery bark, brown or greyish on the surface and reddish purple below. Young branchlets are covered with brown to rust-coloured hairs. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 80–200 mm (3.1–7.9 in) long and 2–16 mm (0.079–0.630 in) wide. The flowers are borne in groups of up to thirty on stalks up to 70 mm (2.8 in) long near the ends of branches, each flower on a pedicel 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long, the tepals yellow and 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in) long. Flowering occurs from October to January and the fruit is a smooth drupe 7.5–10 mm (0.30–0.39 in) long and 6–7.5 mm (0.24–0.30 in) wide maturing from July and containing a single seed. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

Persoonia longifolia was first collected described in 1810 by Robert Brown Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . [7] [8] The species name derives from the Latin terms longus "long", and folium "leaf". [9] Within the genus Persoonia , it is classified in the Lanceolata group, a group of 54 closely related species with similar flowers but very different foliage. These species will often interbreed with each other where two members of the group occur. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Snottygobble is found in the southwest of Western Australia within 70 km (43 mi) of the coast between Albany and the southeastern edges of Perth. [2] [4] It occurs in the jarrah, karri, marri and tingle forest.

Ecology

Persoonia longifolia resprouts from both epicormic buds and from the lignotuber after a fire, often several months later. [6]

A study of the phenology of this species has concluded that it grows, flowers and sets fruit in summer. Young branches are often damaged by larvae of the tip-boring Ptyssoptera moth and by birds including the red-tailed black cockatoo ( Calyptorhynchus banksii ) and Australian ringneck parrot ( Barnardius zonarius ). Flowering commences in October and is completed by January, with peak flowering in November and December. The only pollinators observed during the study were native bees and the introduced honey-bee ( Apis mellifera ). [6]

Mature fruit falls from late July to September and are often eaten by wallabies, kangaroos and the bobtail skink ( Tiliqua rugosa ). If left untouched by animals, the fleshy part of the fruit either rots or shrivels and dries. Germination occurs in late winter to early spring from fruits produced in the previous season but microclimate appears to be an important factor in germination rate. Even when germination occurs, few survive with most seedlings succumbing to desiccation or grazing. [6]

Conservation status

This persoonia is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [2]

Uses

In addition to being used for minesite restoration, P. longifolia is used in the cut-flower trade, being valued for its weeping appearance and durability. It also has potential in the nursery trade for its symmetrical habit, weeping foliage and textured, flaky bark, but studies have suggested that at least eighteen months of soil burial is required for seed germination. [6]

Related Research Articles

Persoonia micranthera, commonly known as the small-flowered snottygobble, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low-lying to prostrate shrub with branchlets that are hairy when young, spatula-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, hairy yellow flowers borne in groups of four to fifteen, and smooth, oval fruit.

<i>Persoonia lanceolata</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae native to New South Wales in eastern Australia

Persoonia lanceolata, commonly known as lance-leaf geebung, is a shrub native to New South Wales in eastern Australia. It reaches 3 m (10 ft) in height and has smooth grey bark and bright green foliage. Its small yellow flowers grow on racemes and appear in the austral summer and autumn, followed by green fleshy fruits which ripen the following spring. Within the genus Persoonia, P. lanceolata belongs to the lanceolata group of 58 closely related species. It interbreeds with several other species found in its range.

<i>Persoonia rigida</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia rigida, commonly known as the rigid-, hairy- or stiff geebung, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect to low-lying shrub with hairy young branchlets, lance-shaped to spatula-shaped leaves that are hairy when young, and yellow flowers borne in groups of up to twenty on a rachis up to 90 mm (3.5 in) long that continues to grow after flowering.

<i>Persoonia juniperina</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia juniperina, commonly known as prickly geebung, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a small erect to low-lying shrub with smooth bark, hairy new branches, linear leaves, yellow flowers borne singly or in groups of up to forty in leaf axils, and yellowish green to purplish fruit.

<i>Persoonia pauciflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia pauciflora, commonly known as the North Rothbury persoonia, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is a small, spreading shrub with bright green, thread-like leaves and a relatively small number of yellow flowers in summer. A recently described species, it is similar to P. isophylla but has fewer and shorter flowers than that species. A very restricted distribution has led to its classification as "critically endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

<i>Persoonia glaucescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia glaucescens, commonly known as the Mittagong geebung, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with smooth bark, hairy young branchlets, lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow flowers. It is the only persoonia in eastern Australia with strongly glaucous leaves.

<i>Persoonia bargoensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia bargoensis, commonly known as the Bargo geebung, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with linear to lance-shaped leaves, yellow, tube-shaped flowers and green, pear-shaped fruit.

<i>Persoonia elliptica</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia elliptica, commonly known as snottygobble or spreading snottygobble, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub or small tree with egg-shaped or lance-shaped leaves and groups of cylindrical yellow flowers. It usually grows in woodland or forest dominated by jarrah or marri within 50 km (30 mi) of the coast.

<i>Persoonia falcata</i> Species of shrub

Persoonia falcata, commonly known as the wild pear, is a shrub native to northern Australia.

<i>Persoonia media</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia media is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub or tree with branchlets and leaves that are glabrous or only sparsely hairy, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves and up to sixteen yellow flowers on a rachis up to 150 mm (5.9 in) long.

<i>Persoonia coriacea</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia coriacea, commonly known as the leathery-leaf persoonia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with smooth bark, spatula-shaped or elliptic to linear leaves and bright yellow flowers borne in groups of up to ten along a rachis up to 70 mm (2.8 in) long.

<i>Persoonia brevirhachis</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia brevirhachis is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, often spreading shrub with smooth, compact bark, mostly narrow spatula-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and yellow to greenish yellow flowers borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils.

Persoonia bowgada is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with smooth bark, more or less cylindrical leaves and yellow flowers in groups of up to ten on the ends of branches.

Persoonia laxa is a rare, probably extinct, shrub native to the Sydney region in eastern Australia.

Persoonia baeckeoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect, spreading, many-branched shrub with smooth bark, spatula-shaped leaves and greenish yellow flowers arranged singly or in groups of up to three.

<i>Persoonia sulcata</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia sulcata is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small, erect or low spreading shrub with narrow, linear leaves and cylindrical yellow flowers arranged singly or in groups of up to three in leaf axils. It grows in woodland or on rocky slopes and is found in several disjunct populations.

Persoonia biglandulosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, spreading or low-lying shrub with smooth bark, linear leaves and bright yellow flowers in groups of between eight and twenty-five on the ends of branches.

<i>Persoonia comata</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia comata is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, sometimes spreading to low-lying shrub with mostly smooth bark, spatula-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and yellow flowers usually in groups of ten to fifty along a rachis up to 250 mm (9.8 in) long.

<i>Persoonia saccata</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia saccata, commonly known as snottygobble, and cadgeegurrup in indigenous language, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is usually an erect shrub and has linear leaves and groups of up to fifty or more irregularly shaped, yellow flowers which are hairy on the outside. It usually grows in woodland dominated by jarrah, marri or large Banksia species.

Persoonia hakeiformis is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading to low-lying shrub with mostly smooth bark, linear leaves and bright yellow flowers borne in groups of up to sixty along a rachis up to 100 mm (3.9 in) long.

References

  1. 1 2 "Persoonia longifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Persoonia longifolia". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. 1 2 Weston, Peter H. (2003). "Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae". Australian Plants . 22 (175): 62–78.
  4. 1 2 Weston, Peter H. "Persoonia longifolia R.Br". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  5. ↑ Weston, Peter H. (1994). "The Western Australian species of subtribe Persooniinae (Proteaceae: Persoonioideae: Persoonieae)". Telopea. 6 (1): 95–98. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Chia, Kerryn A.; Koch, John M.; Sadler, Rohan; Turner, Shane R. (2015). "Developmental phenology of Persoonia longifolia (Proteaceae) and the impact of fire on these events". Australian Journal of Botany. 63 (5): 415–425. doi:10.1071/BT14315.
  7. ↑ "Persoonia longifolia". APNI. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  8. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 164. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  9. ↑ Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. ISBN   0-304-52257-0.
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