Phalee

Last updated

Phalee
Phadang
Village
Phalee Village.jpg
India Manipur location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Phalee
Location in Manipur, India
India location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Phalee
Phalee (India)
Coordinates: 25°08′33″N94°17′02″E / 25.14250°N 94.28389°E / 25.14250; 94.28389
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Manipur
District Ukhrul
Elevation
1,533.144 m (5,030.000 ft)
Population
 • Total3,742
Languages
 • Official Phalee Tangkhul
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
795144
Vehicle registration MN
Nearest cityUkhrul
Literacy81.35%
Lok Sabha constituencyOuter Manipur
Vidhan Sabha constituencyChingai
Website manipur.gov.in

Phalee also called as Phadang is a village located west of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state in India. It lies in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hot-Spot Region of the world wherein the flora and fauna diversity are very rich. [1]

Contents

Geography and Weather

It occupies total area of about 17 sq. km. It has Red Sandy Soils and annual rainfall of 2000-2400mm. The average temperature is in the range of 17 °C.

Phalee is flanked by Ngaimu and Tolloi in the East, Somdal and Hoomi at north, Tuinem and Lamlang in the south and Champhung and Tora in the west. The village is assumed to be more than 600 years (approximate) since the first settler settled in relation to the sixteen generation back.

The region's habitat consists of Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests. The area has a predominantly warm and temperate climate with dry winters and warm summers. The solar noon at this location is about 11.10 am. in winter to 11.20 am in summer. It is a part of the Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests biome. It has mean soil pH of 5.49 and 1.49 aridity index. The current organic carbon content in the soil (within the top 2 M) is about 584,080 tonnes; the net primary productivity is about 20,882 Tonnes of carbon which is the rate at which the carbon is accumulating as biomass in live plants. The total annual evatranspiration is estimated to be 619 kg water per m2. It is the water moves from this village. [2]

Demography

As per 2011 census, [3] the village has a total of 794 households with 3742 persons of which 1934 are male while 1808 are female. Of the total population, 11.60% are in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 904 female per 1000 male. The literacy rate of the village is 81.35%. The male literacy stands at 84.64% while female literacy rate was 77.84%. [3]

Organization

It is a small village which values democracy that is evidently clear from its diverse organizations within the village. It has its own customary constitution for their village functioning.

Phalee Biodiversity Management Committee (Phalee BMC) is an organisation which is elected by the villagers to work on Environment and Biodiversity [7] conservation of the village in accordance with the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. [4] [8] It also works on recording and documentation of the village and surrounding areas flora and fauna. It is the first institute among the villages of Ukhrul District that established Biodiversity Zone, [5] recorded, documented and cataloged flora and fauna of the region on its founded group Rainforest Biodiversity of Phalee [6] within India Biodiversity Portal. [9] [6] Some of the main objectives of Phalee BMC are Preservation, Conservation, and Education of Biodiversity and People’s Culture . It also works on village Heritage. [5]

Religion and educational institutions

Phalee is one of the Tangkhul villages that embraced Christianity very early. For this, the villagers got access to western education right from the coming of Christian missionaries to Ukhrul district. [10] According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate of the village was 81.35% which is higher than the state's average of 76.94%. [3]

People and occupation

The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe and speak Tangkhul language. [11] [12] Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants. Rice, maize, potato, and cabbage are the main crops grown in Phalee. [13] The traditional farming system has been an integral part of this village livelihood since time immemorial and accordingly, it is closely interwoven with the intricate fabric of the society in culture, religions, and economy. [14] The farming system covers wet paddy cultivation, slash and burn and the other allied agricultural activities comprising forest gathering, artisanship, crop festivals, kitchen gardening, domestication of birds and animals, fisheries, and rearing of edible insects. [15] Rearing edible six-legged insects like Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), honey bees, green grasshoppers, etc.

Most of these practices are social and community-based activity and their importance is pertinently expressed in their various culture. [16] They are very old practices and the production system are generally trivial, merely a paltry self-sufficient to safeguard the basic level of survival. The agriculture system is stagnated which is proved by the unremitting abject poverty of the village life [17] plagued with malnutrition, ill health and lack of basic amenities like telecommunications, transport, and marketing. [14] However, in recent year there is a tremendous improvement in the rearing of the domestic animal and bird and especially fishery, producing approximately 1000 kg of fish (common carp and other local variety) per year. [18] It is one of the villages that upholds afforestation programme with Government agencies with huge success and one of the villages that planted the highest number of trees thus far. [19]

Artisanship is one of the old traditional practises of this village which include weaving, blacksmith, bamboo weaving, stone and wood carving works etc. The artisanship constitute one of the basic scale of their development index in the past.

Culture

Luira Phanit or the seed-sowing festival is perhaps still one of the biggest traditional festivals of the Tangkhuls Naga which are celebrated every year with great pomp and joy. This is a festival celebrated in every Tangkhul village at the beginning of the year though with some modifications now (the date of celebration differs from village to village), precisely to herald the coming of a new year and to commemorate the beginning of sowing the first seed for the coming year. [20] This is the main agricultural festival of the year and its celebration spread over a period of about eleven days in the olden days though the celebration does not extend that much longer nowadays.

Since the advent of Christianity [21] and in the years that followed, an understanding between the Christians and the non-Christians of this village was brought about in regard to the fixation of the date for its celebration wherein, 15 – 20 March of every year was exclusively set aside for this festival of which, hitherto it was usually celebrated a little earlier than this. So it's almost a week-long celebration and even now the intensity of the celebration is quite immense. Some of the competition items during the festival includes folk song (this includes Yarra Laa, Ngakhakva Laa and Phalee Awungashi Laa), folk dance, Luita Laa, high jump, long jump, wrestling, bamboo climbing, carrying rice pounding stick on the back, tug of war, trumpet, flute, violin, guitar and many more. [13] Tug of war is one showpiece of an event that really captivates the hearts of the audience with equal numbers of men and women at each end of the rope trying to pull with their utmost strength.

The dying giant may not figuratively represent a human giant but it’s about the practice, tradition of carrying a giant load of paddy (Lengvei Kaphung) a popular age-old practice among Tangkhul Nagas during harvest time in Phalee village too, situated in the west of Ukhrul district in Manipur. [22] Lengvei Kaphung is a challenge for all men of the village. A giant load of paddy tightly packed in traditional specially hand weaved shawls weighs more than 300 kgs or 3 quintals of paddy. The handicrafts using bamboo sliver is another skill which is hand weaved into different shape and size of baskets for the different household purposes like containers, carpet and decorations .

Related Research Articles

Peh pronounced "Pe-h" is a village in Ukhrul District, Manipur, India. The village was earlier called 'Paoyi', which is a misconstrued derivative of the original name 'Pehyi' given by outsiders. Peh is approximately 35 kilometers north of Ukhrul district headquarter. The village is partially connected by National Highway 150, Imphal–Kohima via Ukhrul–Jessami Highway. The village comprises two settlement areas: Proper Peh and Peh Ngahurum. The total population of the village is around 3800. The village panchayat (Sangvui) consists of the representative from different clans headed by an elected chairman is the Apex body of the village. All administrative, political and judicial decisions are taken by them. The judiciary functions are partly performed in the name of King (raja); also known as the khulakpa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sihai, Manipur</span> Village in Manipur, India

Sihai is a general reference to a group of villages in the north of Ukhrul District headquarters in Manipur. Sihai Khullen, the nearest from Ukhrul is about 37 kilometers from Ukhrul, connected partially by National Highway 150.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tangkhul language</span> Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India

Tangkhul is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tangkhulic branch, spoken in different villages of Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. The term "Tangkhul" is derived from the Meitei language terms, "Tang" meaning "scarce" and "Khul" meaning "village" respectively. According to another theory, the term "Tangkhul" is derived from "Thankhul", meaning "Than village" in Meitei language.

Longpi is a general reference to two villages in the Ukhrul District of the Indian state of Manipur. Longpi is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Ukhrul, connected by National Highway 202. The two villages together have a population of over 8,000.

Sirarakhong also called as Kampha is a village located west of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. As per 2011 census, the village has a total of 202 households with 1243 persons of which 620 are male while 623 are female. Of the total population, 10.86% are in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 1015 female per 1000 male which is higher than the state's average of 930. The literacy rate of the village is 95.22%.

Chingjaroi originally known Asinei /Asewnei or Swemi alternatively called Zingchui/Zingjui by the Tangkhul, Shomai by the Poumai and khotsami by the Chakhesangs is a large village located in northern Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India and bordered mainly by villages like Jessami, Tasom, Chingai, Marem, Peh, Phaibung and Laii (Gaziphema)originally. Later villages like Razai, Namrei and Kharasom came to settle in the land of chingjaroi and became its neighboring villages. The village consists of three sister villages, namely, Chingjaroi Khullen, Chingjaroi Khunou and Chingjaroi Christian Village. Chingjaroi Khullen the nearest from the National Highway 150 is approximately 84 kilometers from Ukhrul district headquarters.

Poi is a village located north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is partially connected by National Highway 150, Imphal-Kohima road via Jessami. Poi is 68 kilometers away from Ukhrul via Awangkasom and about 3 kilometers and 5 kilometers away from Indo-Myanmar border pillar number 126 and 130 respectively. Poi is flanked by Challou in the North, Chingai in the north west, Ngahui, Kuirei and Marem in the west, Huishu and Khamasom in the south. MK Preshow Shimray, the Ex- MLA from Chingai Assembly Constituency and also the Deputy Speaker of the present Manipur Legislative Assembly hails from this village.

Kalhang is a village located north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is approximately 39 kilometers from Ukhrul. National Highway 150 Imphal-Kohima via Jessami passes through the village. Kalhang is one of the villages that used to make indigenous salt from natural salt springs and supply to other Tangkhul villages before the introduction of common salt. The village is flanked by Phungcham and Peh in the west, Khamasom in the east, Longpi in the south and Kuirei in the North. Locally inhabitants speak Kansang dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Shirui, initially called Shiroy/Shiroi, is a village located north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is 15 kilometers from Ukhrul. National Highway 150 Imphal-Kohima via Jessami passes through the village. The village is divided into two parts, Shirui ato and Shirui aze; however, both the parts are under one chief. Shirui is famous for the rich and flora found on Shirui Kashong or Shirui peak and especially for blooming of the rare Lilium mackliniae during the start of Monsoon. The village is flanked by Ukhrul in the west, Langdang in the south, Mapum in the east, Sihai in the North east and Lunghar in the north. Locally inhabitants speak Shirui dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Langdang is a village located north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is 13 kilometers from Ukhrul. National Highway 150 Imphal-Kohima via Jessami passes through the village. The village is divided into two major parts, Langdang Khullen and Langdang Phungthar; however, both the parts are under one chief. The village is famous for largescale plum cultivation. The village is flanked by Mapum in the east, Shirui in the north, Ukhrul in the west and Choithar in the south.

Shingkap is a village located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 35 kilometers from Ukhrul via National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. Shingkap is flanked by Lungpha in the north, Riha in the west, Tangkhul Hundung in the south and Alang in the east. Locally, the inhabitants speak Shingkap tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Phungyar is a small town located south of Kamjong in Kamjong district, Manipur state, India. It is also the name of a sub division of the district. The town is about 50 kilometers from Ukhrul and is partially connected by National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. The town is flanked by Khambi in the south, Loushing in the north and alang in the west. Locally, the inhabitants speak common tangkhul language and native village dialect which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Yengtem is a village located south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 40 kilometers from Ukhrul and is partially connected by National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami and Kamjong-Imphal state highway. The village is flanked by Gamnom in the north, Apong village in the south, Maku in the east and Shangshak in the west. Yengtem is a major and strategic junction for the neighboring remote village as the state highway and Inter Village Roads (IVR) converges in the vicinity of the village. Locally, the inhabitants speak Yengtem tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Ningthi is a village located west of Kamjong in Kamjong district, Manipur state, India. The village is about 20 kilometers from Kamjong and is partially connected by Ukhrul-Kamjong State highway and inter village road constructed in 2015. Ningthi is flanked by Kamjong in the east, Phungyar in the west, Tusom in the south and Hangkau in the north. Ningthi river is the main tributary of Chindwin river of Myanmar.

Champhung is a village located in the extreme west of Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. The village is connected by an inter-village road via Makuikong and is about 30 km from the district headquarters and 4 km from Lungchong Maiphei - L.M Block. Champhung is flanked by Tora in the north, Somdal, Phalee and Teinem in the east, Leisan in the south-west and Senapati district in the west.

Lui Ngai Ni is the seed-sowing festival celebrated by the Naga tribes of Manipur India. The festival heralds the season of seed sowing and marks the start of the year for the Nagas and the festival was declared a state holiday since 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phungyo Baptist Church</span>

Phungyo Baptist Church is a Baptist Church in Ukhrul, Manipur, India. It was constructed and established, when Reverend William Pettigrew baptized and converted twelve Tangkhul Naga to Christian faith in 1901.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Pettigrew (missionary)</span>

William Pettigrew was a British Christian missionary who went to India in 1890, eventually brought western education in Manipur and introducing Jesus Christ to the Tangkhul Naga tribe, inhabiting Ukhrul district and he became the main catalyst for the surge in current christian population in Manipur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khamlang</span> Village

Khamlang village is situated on the southern part of Ukhrul District, Manipur, India. It is inhabited by Khameon a Tangkhul Naga tribe. It is situated 2 km away from headquarter of Sub-Division, Kasom Khullen, 137 km away from district headquarter Ukhrul and 59 km from state capital Imphal, Manipur.

Shirui Lily Festival is an annual cultural state festival of Manipur organised by Manipur Tourism Department every year. Initially, the festival was celebrated by the locals of Shirui village in Ukhrul to pay tribute to the state flower Shirui Lily that blooms from the last week of May through the second week of June. In 2017, Shirui Lily Festival was declared as a state festival by the Government of Manipur. The 2023 Shirui Lily Festival was postponed due to the prevailing tension in the region.

References

  1. ↑ Myers, N.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Mittermeier, C. G.; Da Fonseca, G. A.; Kent, J. (2000). "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities". Nature. 403 (6772): 853–858. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..853M. doi:10.1038/35002501. PMID   10706275. S2CID   4414279.
  2. ↑ "Phalee – Overview".
  3. 1 2 3 "Villages in Ukhrul district". Census 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Phalee Biodiversity Management Committee". India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 "Phalee Biodiversity Observatory Station". phalee-biodiversity-observatory-station.business.site. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 "Rainforest Biodiversity of Phalee". Rainforest Biodiversity of Phalee - India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  7. ↑ "Home | Convention on Biological Diversity". www.cbd.int. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  8. ↑ "NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY - Biodiversity Management Committees". nbaindia.org. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  9. ↑ "India Biodiversity Portal". India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  10. ↑ "William Pettigrew (1869 – 1943) – Royal Asiatic Society" . Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  11. ↑ "Spoken L1 Language: East-Central Tangkhul Naga". Glottolog.
  12. ↑ "Did you know Tangkhul Naga is endangered?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  13. 1 2 "Phalee Luita Phanit Seed sowing festival oral tradition and cultural orientation By OT Ramshan". www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  14. 1 2 "Snags of timeworn small farming system of Phalee village Manipur By Ng Ngalengshim". www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  15. ↑ "Insects for food and feed". www.fao.org. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  16. ↑ "UNPO: Naga: Culture on Display in Switzerland". unpo.org. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  17. ↑ "Dynamics of Ganja Cultivation in Manipur". Economic and Political Weekly: 7–8. 5 June 2015.
  18. ↑ "The Wet Paddy Cultivation in Hills of Manipur By Ngashangva Ngalengshim". e-pao.net. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  19. ↑ "The reforestation of waste land with wild edible fruit trees By Ngashangva Ransing Ramshan". e-pao.net. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  20. ↑ "lui ngai ni". e-pao.net. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  21. ↑ Kapai, Yuimirin (1 October 2019). "William Pettigrew: Mythicizing the Man and His Work". International Bulletin of Mission Research. 43 (4): 358–367. doi:10.1177/2396939319836882. ISSN   2396-9393. S2CID   188471640.
  22. ↑ "Saving Lengvei, the dying giant : 23rd nov11 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.