Philometra

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Philometra
Parasite140007-fig7 Philometra fasciati Moravec & Justine, 2008 (Nematoda, Philometridae).tif
Philometra fasciati
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Camallanida
Family: Philometridae
Genus: Philometra
Costa, 1845
Species

See text

Philometra is a genus of nematodes, which are parasites of marine and freshwater fishes. [1] The genus was erected by Oronzio Gabriele Costa in 1845.

Contents

Species in this genus are worldwide. They parasitize the body cavities, tissues and ovaries of both marine and freshwater fishes. When still in the larval stages, these worms move to the body cavities or subcutaneous tissues in the host. This migration can cause damage to skeletal joints, result in internal bleeding, and inflame visceral organs. Emaciation and lowered growth rates may result from this.

Infestation produces nodules under the skin. When the worms are in the adult or juvenile stage, these nodules may be visible between the rays of the fins or may cause the scales to raise up. Larger nodules may be the result of gravid females which may rupture the skin surface. Once ruptured, the female[ clarification needed ] disintegrates. This allows the release of the live larvae into the water. This wound on the fish then heals, leaving almost no scarring.

Species of Philometra require two hosts to complete their life cycle. After the larval worms are released from the host fish, they are ingested by copepods which act as an intermediate host. Once inside the copepod, the larvae molt several times. Fish may then eat the infested copepod.

Known hosts

Species of this genus are known to parasitize numerous species of fish, including:

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized by the World Register of Marine Species: [2]

Nomina dubia

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Philometra priacanthi is a species of parasitic nematode of fishes. Its name is derived from its host species, Priacanthus hamrur. It possesses dorsal lamella-like structures on the distal part of its gubernaculum, which can also be found on other of its cogenerates. The only species with a dorsal protuberance near the gubernaculum's end is P. priacanthi, however. P. lateolabracis can be distinguished from the former by the lateral caudal mounds separated dorsally, narrower lamella-like structures on its gubernaculum, shorter spicules, and by the testis extending anteriorly. Other gonad-infecting species differ from this one by possessing a smooth gubernaculum, and their spicules being of different lengths. Seven gonad-infecting species of Philometra can be distinguished from P. priacanthi by their host types, as well as by geographical distribution.

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References

  1. "Philometra" (PDF). Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
  2. Gibson, David (2020). Deprez T (ed.). "Philometra Costa, 1845". NeMys. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 6 February 2015.

Further reading