Phosphatidylcholine—sterol O-acyltransferase

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phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase
Identifiers
EC no. 2.3.1.43
CAS no. 9031-14-5
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In enzymology, a phosphatidylcholine---sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

phosphatidylcholine + a sterol 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a sterol ester

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphatidylcholine and sterol, whereas its two products are 1-acylglycerophosphocholine and sterol ester.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include lecithin---cholesterol acyltransferase, phospholipid---cholesterol acyltransferase, LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase), lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and lysolecithin acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phospholipid</span> Class of lipids

Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue. Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. The phosphate group can be modified with simple organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine or serine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycerophospholipid</span> Class of lipids

Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes. Two major classes are known: those for bacteria and eukaryotes and a separate family for archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase is an enzyme, in many animals including humans, that converts free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle, eventually making the newly synthesized HDL spherical and forcing the reaction to become unidirectional since the particles are removed from the surface. The enzyme is bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) (alpha-LCAT) and LDLs (beta-LCAT) in the blood plasma. LCAT deficiency can cause impaired vision due to cholesterol corneal opacities, anemia, and kidney damage. It belongs to the family of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases.

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. The disease has two forms: Familial LCAT deficiency, in which there is complete LCAT deficiency, and Fish-eye disease, in which there is a partial deficiency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cholesteryl ester</span> An ester of cholesterol

Cholesteryl ester, a dietary lipid, is an ester of cholesterol. The ester bond is formed between the carboxylate group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol. Cholesteryl esters have a lower solubility in water due to their increased hydrophobicity. Esters are formed by replacing at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group with an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group. They are hydrolyzed by pancreatic enzymes, cholesterol esterase, to produce cholesterol and free fatty acids. They are associated with atherosclerosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phospholipase A1</span>

Phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32; systematic name: phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase) encoded by the PLA1A gene is a phospholipase enzyme which removes the 1-acyl group:

In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a 2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a phosphatidylcholine---dolichol O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a phosphatidylcholine---retinol O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

In enzymology, a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Sterol O-acyltransferase is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesteryl esters from cholesterol.

In enzymology, a triacylglycerol---sterol O-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SOAT1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sterol O-acyltransferase 1, also known as SOAT1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SOAT2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sterol O-acyltransferase 2, also known as SOAT2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT2 gene.

Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver first via entering the lymphatic system, then the bloodstream.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1-Lysophosphatidylcholine</span>

2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines are a class of phospholipids that are intermediates in the metabolism of lipids. Because they result from the hydrolysis of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine, they are also called 1-lysophosphatidylcholine. The synthesis of phosphatidylcholines with specific fatty acids occurs through the synthesis of 1-lysoPC. The formation of various other lipids generates 1-lysoPC as a by-product.

Pierre Benveniste, born on 22 December 1937 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, is a French researcher in plant biochemistry and professor at the University of Strasbourg.

References