| Phyllopsora amazonica | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Ramalinaceae |
| Genus: | Phyllopsora |
| Species: | P. amazonica |
| Binomial name | |
| Phyllopsora amazonica Kistenich & Timdal (2019) | |
Phyllopsora amazonica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. [1] It is found in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil.
Phyllopsora amazonica was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists Sonja Kistenich and Einar Timdal. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the research station of the Estação Científica Ferreira Penna in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (Melgaço, Pará), where it was found in a tropical rainforest growing on a tree trunk at a height of 0.7 m (2.3 ft) above the ground. The species epithet amazonica refers to its habitat in the Amazon rainforest. [2]
The lichen has an effuse , crust-like thallus comprising small, pale green to white areoles (up to 0.4 mm in diameter) and a thin, white prothallus. Isidia are frequent, cylindrical to flask-shaped (lageniform), with dimensions of 0.12 by 0.70 mm. The apothecia are rounded, brownish, and small – measuring up to 1 mm in diameter. Phyllopsora amazonica contains atranorin as a major lichen product, as well as several terpenoid compounds. [2]
Phyllopsora halei , found in North America, Africa, and Asia, has a sister taxon phylogenetic relationship with P. amazonica. [3] They are somewhat similar in appearance, but differ in the prothallus dimensions and colour (in P. halei, it is more prominent, thicker, and reddish brown), the formation of isidia (in P. hali, they sometimes grow directly out of the prothallus), and the overall form of the thallus (P. halei has rosette-like thalli). [2]
The Ramalinaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family name is synonymous with the name Bacidiaceae. Species of this family have a widespread distribution.
Adelolecia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus was circumscribed by Hannes Hertel and Josef Hafellner in 1984. The genus was formerly classified in the family Ramalinaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analysis showed it to belong to the Lecanoraceae.
Aciculopsora is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marie Trest in 2006.
Myelorrhiza is a genus of two Australian species of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed in 1986 by Australian lichenologists Doug Verdon and John A. Elix. Myelorrhiza was originally classified in the family Cladoniaceae until Kistenich and colleagues, using molecular phylogenetic analysis, showed that it is more appropriately placed with the Ramalinaceae.
Crustospathula is a genus of five species of crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. They are characterized by their stalked and sometimes branched cartilaginous soredia and Bacidia-like apothecia.
Phyllopsora is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1894.
Krogia is a genus of corticolous lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. It occurs in tropical humid forests and rainforests. The genus was circumscribed by Norwegian lichenologist Einar Timdal in 2002, with Krogia coralloides assigned as the type species.
Toniniopsis is a genus of crustose and squamulose lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss lichenologist Eduard Frey in 1926, with Toniniopsis obscura designated the type and only species. The genus name of Toniniopsis is in honour of Carlo Tonini (1803–1877), who was an Italian chemist and botanist (Lichenology), who worked in Verona and was a member and President of the Academy of Agriculture. As a result of molecular phylogenetic studies, several species, formerly classified in genus Bacidia, have been transferred to Toniniopsis.
Hildur Krog was a Norwegian botanist.
Malmideaceae is a family of crustose and corticolous lichens in the order Lecanorales. It contains eight genera and about 70 species.
Bibbya is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Ramalinaceae.
Toensbergia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sporastatiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Mika Bendiksby and Einar Timdal in 2013. The genus name honours Norwegian lichenologist Tor Tønsberg, "in appreciation of his important work on sorediate, corticolous lichens". The type species is Toensbergia leucococca, which was formerly classified in genus Hypocenomyce, presumably due to its resemblance to Hypocenomyce xanthococca.
Psora taurensis is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey.
Biatora oxneri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East and in South Korea.
Phyllopsora concinna is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in Central and South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists Sonja Kistenich and Einar Timdal. The lichen has a scaley, effuse (spread-out) thallus that is pale green with a well-developed, white prothallus. Apothecia occur rarely; they are brownish with a paler margin, measuring up to 1 mm in diameter. Ascospores are simple with a narrow ellipsoid to fusiform shape, and dimensions of 12.5–16·0 by 3.5–4.0 μm. Atranorin and parvifoliellin are major lichen products that occur in this species. The latter compound distinguishes it chemically from the morphologically similar species Phyllopsora cinchonarum, which instead contains lobaric acid. The botanical name concinna, refers to its "beautiful" appearance.
Phyllopsora neotinica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in North, Central, and South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists Sonja Kistenich and Einar Timdal. It is similar to Phyllopsora chodatinica, but unlike that species, it contains argopsin and often zeorin, but it lacks chodatin. The species epithet neotinica is a contraction of "neotropical" and Phyllopsora chodatinica.
Crustospathula amazonica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot, Marcela Cáceres, and Einar Timdal. The type specimen was collected by the first two authors from the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho, where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree in a primary rainforest. It also occurs in French Guiana and Peru, and tends to grow in association with lichens of the genus Porina and with thelotremoid members of the family Graphidaceae. The lichen has a film-like, green thallus consisting of fine, aggregated granules; no prothallus is present. Soredia are whitish, roughly spherical, and occur at the tips of cartilaginous stalks up to 3 mm tall.
Physcidia striata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), microfoliose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot, Marcela Cáceres, and Einar Timdal. The type specimen was collected by the first two authors from the Estação Ecológica de Cuniã (Rondônia), where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree in a primary rainforest. It also occurs in Peru. The thallus of the lichen is a loose mat of squamules (scales) without a hypothallus. Its lobes are smooth, flat, branched, and greyish-green, measuring 2–7 mm long by 0.5–1.5 mm wide. The species epithet striata refers to the faint longitudinal striations that are present on the lobe undersides. Isidia occur on the thallus surface; they are the same colour as the thallus, with dimensions of 0.3–0.7 mm long by 0.1–0.2 mm wide. When they are abraded, it reveals the whitish colour of the underlying medulla. The lichen contains divaricatic acid, a lichen product that is revealed with the use of thin-layer chromatography.
Krogia macrophylla is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in New Caledonia, it was formally described as a new species in 2018. It is distinguished from other Krogia species by its relatively larger squamules and the production of a chemical substance similar to boninic acid. The species grows predominantly on tree trunks in moist or wet tropical forests.
Thalloidima is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It has 13 species.